Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Cost Plan

Construction On The Project “Preservasi Jalan dan Jembatan

Surabaya – Sidoarjo”
Ravniar Kunaifi1,*, Wisnumurti2, and Achfas Zacoeb2
1
Magister Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
2
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Abstract. Indonesia is one of the developing countries which currently has a lot
of development underway. With problems related to occupational health and
safety which are still often ignored, especially in East Java province, this is
demonstrated by the still high number of construction work accidents in 2021
in East Java province, namely 26% of the total construction work accident
cases in Indonesia. This research was carried out on the project “Preservasi
Jalan dan Jembatan Surabaya – Sidoarjo”. The method of this research is
hazard identification risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) and
quantitative descriptive method. The results of this research show that the
amount of occupational health and safety costs is based on the owner's
estimate which is guided by Minister for Public Works and Housing Regulation
Number 10 of 2021 concerning Construction Safety Management Systems is
IDR. 664,667,000.00 where The value 4,04 %of occupational safety and
health costs has met ideal standart from circular letter number 10/SE/M/2018
of Minister for Public Works and Housing that is between 1.5% - 2.5% of the total
project value. Keywords: Work Accidents, Occupational Health and Safety costs

*
Corresponding author: ravniarkunaifi@[Link]
Introduction to the data, it shows that work accidents, especially in
the construction sector in the East Java area, are rated the
Road infrastructure is one of the infrastructures highest, then all efforts are carried out by builders as a
that is important for today's modern economic growth, service medium in minimizing risks which can later
therefore a region must have safe and reliable produce good results.[8]. However, the legal basis
infrastructure to ensure the comfortable movement of that is used as a reference is law of the
people and goods [1]. However, the quality of Republic Indonesia, Government Regulation,
transportation facilities in an area is and Ministerial Regulation. In the
assessed by the degree of road service used development of construction projects in
by each vehicle. Either with standard loads or Indonesia, the implementation of
excessive loads in the specified road occupational safety and health is still not
categories.[2]. Indonesia itself is a developing country optimal. Many construction workers
which is currently experiencing a lot of development due experience work accidents every year,
to economic development which is increasing every year material damage, production failures and
[3]. Due to the large amount of development in construction worker delays which cause
Indonesia, safety at construction sites has become an many companies to suffer losses [9]. Other
immediate and pressing issue. Although this study is research shows that the cost of OSH has met
significant it has been carried out in the area of the ideal standards of the People's
automated construction safety and construction planning Construction Safety Committee, namely
hazard analysis. For the last few periods, various between 1.5% - 2.5% of the total project
academics have focused on problems. K3 in all business value. This research was carried out on the
areas such as. Related to work conditions and project Pembangunan Gedung Lt. II SDN 13
opportunities for influence on business. Financial Kesiman. Where, OSH costs on the project.
situation. However, this influence does not only affect Pembangunan Gedung Lt. II SDN 13 Kesiman
employees and their families, but also the business according to circular letter number
sector, with increases in funds due to transitions, 66/SE/M/2015 is Rp 24.375.767,00 (Twenty
corruption, and even policies. In maintaining the Four Million Three Hundred Seventy Five
business world, construction companies have made Thousand Seven Hundred Sixty Seven
solving K3 problems a main priority by implementing an Rupiah) or around 1.68% of the contract
K3 management system.[5] value, while OSH costs based on shop price
surveys are equal to Rp. 26.768.128,00
The building is dangerous. In 2017, 971 construction
(Twenty Six Million Seven Hundred Sixty
workers died due to professional problems in the United
Eight Thousand One Hundred Twenty Eight
States. Of course this is much more than in other nations.
Rupiah) or around 1.85% [10]. Other
The company's share of more than 80,000 injuries were
research also shows that the OSH cost value
minor, so severe that they required employees to fire
meets ideal standards. The Construction
them, whether temporarily or temporarily, as well as
Safety Committee is between 1.5% - 2.5% of
various individuals. Suffering from serious health
the total project value. This research was
problems after years of exposure to health hazards in the
carried out on the Sanur Tennis League
workplace ranging from crystalline silica in the air to
development project, the amount of OSH
excessive noise. ILO data shows that there were 2.78
costs based on a shop price survey guided by
million deaths and 374 non-fatal deaths due to their
circular letter number 11/SE/M/2019 of 2019
work. Problems are caused by accidents and even work
regarding Technical Instructions The cost of
disruptions every year in various countries.[7]. Based
implementing a Safety Construction
on data from the Employment Social Security
Administering Agency (taken from Management System is equal to Rp.
[Link]), the number 116.914.000,00 (One Hundred and Sixteen
of work accidents in 2019 was 182,835 Million Nine Hundred and Fourteen Thousand
cases, in 2020 there were 221,740 cases, Rupiah) or approximately 1.57% of the
and 234,270 cases throughout 2021. Work contract value [11].
accidents on construction projects in 2021,
namely 26% in East Java, 22% in Sumatra, In this article we present an alternative approach
that attempts address occupational health and safety
11% in West Java, 11% in Jakarta, 11% in
systems from a standard approach set by the Minister
Banten, 5% in Sulawesi, 5% in Central Java,
for public work and housing, namely Minister for
1% in Yogyakarta, 4% in Kalimantan, 3% in Public Works and Housing Regulation number 10 of
Bali, NTT and NTB and 1% in Papua. According 2021. We developed identification of the hazard

*
Corresponding author: ravniarkunaifi@[Link]
 identification risk assessment and risk control 1–4 : Low risk (L)
(HIRARC) method which formally includes the
5 – 10 : Medium risk (M)
concept of safety construction. We aim to obtain
occupational health and safety costs in accordance 12 – 25 : High risk (H)
with circular letter number 10/SE/M/2018. Where in
accordance with the circular, it states that
components/items for carrying out work occupational
safety and health as well construction safety is
incorporated output and price List between 1.0% up to
2.5% of the value of the work or as appropriate with  Risk Control
needs [12]. Risks/hazards that have been identified and as-
sessed require control measures to reduce the level of
Research Methodology risk/danger to a safe point. Risk/hazard control by
elimination has the highest level of effectiveness, re-
Basically, the risk of a project is determined liability and protection among other controls. And in
from 2 aspects: the expected occurrence of permits or the hierarchical order after that, the level of effective-
adverse outcomes, as well as the degree of severity or ness, reliability and protection decreases as illustrated
cost of the event and even the results. In order to in the figure below. [18]
minimize the opportunity for funds related to events
Fig. 2. The Hierarchy of Risk Control.
and consequences that are very detrimental, even the
occurrence of the event or the impact in question
[16]. The location of this research is the “Preservasi
Jalan dan Jembatan Surabaya – Sidoarjo” Project which
 Work Accident
will be carried out from March 13 2023 to October 31
Work accidents that often occur in a
2023. This research uses hirarc and quantitative
construction project include: falls, slips, falling
descriptive methods. The types of data collected include
objects, being hit by collapsing objects, being
primary and secondary data. Primary data is data
stepped on, and others [17].
obtained directly when making observations in the field
and the data needed in this research, namely the
 Hazard Identification
construction safety plan files for the project, unit prices
The purpose of hazard identification is to ensure
based on owner estimates, OS completeness cost plans,
that hazard identification has been carried out in
and OSH cost percentages. Meanwhile, primary data is
detail so that hazard opportunities can be
data that already exists, namely plan drawings, cost
identified. Dangers that will occur as long as
budget plans, and OSH items, based on Minister for
there are sources that can cause accidents,
Public Works and Public Housing Regulation no. 10 of
namely work processes, work methods, work
2021 concerning the Construction Safety management
environments.[14]
system and circular no.10/SE/M/2018.
 Risk Assessment
The risk value calculation is used to make
decisions about the risk controls carried out.
The results are obtained from calculating the
probability multiplied by the severity as
follows: [15]
Risk Level = F x S
Where :
F = Frequency,
S = Severity.

Fig. 3. Surabaya – Sidoarjo road, Surabaya City

Boundary

Fig. 1. OSH Risk Assessment Matrix.

Information :
 Low Risk 0 0%
Medium Risk 16 52%
High Risk 15 48%

In accordance with table 2, the risk assessment at a large

level will be described in table 3

Fig. 4. Flowchart of Research.

Result And Discussion

3.1. Risk Analysis

Risk identification is carried out based on
work. In the construction project work activities
carried out there are 31 risk indicators based on Table 3. Risk Assessment Result
the work carried out. The risk indicators for each
employee are distributed in table 1. Risk
N Indicato Freque
Severity Assessm
o r ncy
Table 1. Number of risks in each job ent
Falling
Numbe from the
N r of 1 excavato
4 5 High
Type of work
o. Indicat r
ors Heavy
1 Earth Excavation Work 6 equipme
2 Asphalt Pavement 2 4 4 High
nt
Excavation Work with 3 damage
Cold Milling Machine
Fell from
3 Emulsion Spreading
2 a cold
Work 3 4 5 High
milling
4 Hotmix Spreading Jobs 5
machine
5 Formwork Installation
2 Exposure
Work
to dust
6 Pavement Casting Works 5
from
7 Formwork Dismantling 4 4 4 High
2 asphalt
Work
excavatio
8 Grouting Work 4
n debris
9 Guard Rail Painting Work 2
Passing
Amount 31
vehicles
fell into
5 4 5 High
3.2. Risk Assessment asphalt
excavatio
After the results of the risk identification, a risk ns
evaluation is carried out according to the potential for a The
risk to occur and the effects resulting from the problem. worker's
This assessment is adjusted to the risk assessment matrix hand was
based on Figure 1. The risk values obtained from studies injured
6 5 5 High
that have carried out 31 hazards in nine professions show due to
the highest risk level of 15 hazards or equivalent (48%). exposure
a medium risk level of 16 hazards or equivalent ( to hot
52%), and a low level of risk of 0 danger or asphalt
equivalent (0%) can be seen in Table 2.
Workers
Table 2. High Risk Assessment are
7 exposed 4 4 High
Amou Percent to
Level
nt age irritation
 of the concerning the construction safety management system
respirato based on unit prices obtained from the owner's estimate
ry tract which is based on the basic unit value of the program in
due to the East Java area, as well as the basic unit value
chemical determined from PJN. Focus on using the formula:
exposure Volume + Volume of equipment used X Unit price of K3
from equipment.
high-
temperat .
ure
asphalt
Injured
due to
careless
use of
8 4 5 High
the
tandem
roller and
tire roller
Workers
suffer
from eye
irritation
due to
9 4 4 High
exposure
to high
temperat
ure
asphalt

The worker was

1
hit by a passing 5 5 High
0
vehicle
The vibrator
1 touches parts of
3 5 High
1 the worker's
body
Electric shock
1
when using an 4 4 High
2
electric drill
Tripping over
1
cables or other 5 4 High
3
materials
1 Falling from a
3 5 High
4 height
1 Hit by a passing
5 4 High
5 vehicle

3.3. OSH Cost Budget Planning

In funding planning for the road and bridge
prevalence K3 project in Srabaya to Sidoarjo, the total
team consists of 19 individuals, 5 technicians, 2 HSE
staff, 2 leaders, 1 public commissioner, and even the
other director, then determines the overall K3 menu in
accordance with the General Minister's Policy . Worker
and public housing regulations no. 10 of 2021
 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
NUMBER OF
UNIT TOTAL
PAYMENT WORK ITEM UNIT QUANTIT
PRICE PRICE
POINTS Y
(Rp) (Rp)

Construction Safety
Personnel:
Construction OSH
SKh-1.1.22. expert/construction safety 7.200.000, 7.200.000,
Person 1,00
(5a) expert (as head of Work 00 00
Safety Unit)
SKh-1.1.22. Construction Safety Officer, 5.400.000, 5.400.000,
Person 1,00
(5c) Construction OSH Officer 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. Environmental Management 5.400.000, 5.400.000,
Person 1,00
(5d) Officer 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. Emergency 4.500.000, 4.500.000,
Person 1,00
(5e) responders/firefighters 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. 4.500.000, 4.500.000,
OSH Officer Person 1,00
(5f) 00 00
Medical and/or health
SKh-1.1.22. 5.650.000, 5.650.000,
personnel (Doctor or Person 1,00
(5g) 00 00
paramedic)
SKh-1.1.22. 4.050.000, 4.050.000,
Traffic control officer Person 1,00
(5h) 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. Traffic Management and 5.850.000, 5.850.000,
Person 1,00
(5e) Safety Coordinator 00 00

Facilities, infrastructure
and health equipment:
SKh-1.1.22. 2.698.000, 18.886.000
First aid equipment Set 7,00
(6a) 00 ,00
SKh-1.1.22. 4.500.000, 31.500.000
First Aid Room Set 7,00
(6b) 00 ,00
Fogging Equipment
SKh-1.1.22. 2.410.000, 16.870.000
(Medicine and Fogging Unit 7,00
(6c) 00 ,00
machine)
Costs of infectious outbreak
health protocols (eg: hand
SKh-1.1.22. 10.000.000 10.000.000
washing facilities, swabs, Ls 1,00
(6d) ,00 ,00
vitamins during the Covid-1
pandemic)

Required traffic signs

and equipment or traffic
management:
SKh-1.1.22. 1.050.000, 9.450.000,
Guidance signs Pieces 9,00
(7a) 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. 1.050.000, 7.350.000,
Prohibition sign Pieces 7,00
(7b) 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. 1.050.000, 7.350.000,
Warning sign Pieces 7,00
(7c) 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. 1.050.000, 9.450.000,
Information sign Pieces 9,00
(7e) 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. 1.050.000, 9.450.000,
Temporary job sign Pieces 9,00
(7f) 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. 8.500.000,
Traffic cone Pieces 250.000,00 34,00
(7h) 00
SKh-1.1.22. Warning Lights Stick Pieces 75.000,00 14,00 1.050.000,
 Table 4. Description of OSH Cost Budget Plan

(7i) 00
SKh-1.1.22. 11.200.000
Rotary lamp Pieces 800.000,00 14,00
(7j) ,00
SKh-1.1.22. 16.020.000
Water tank barrier m' 890.000,00 18,00
(7k) ,00
SKh-1.1.22. Temporary lamps/lighting 1.000.000, 7.000.000,
Pieces 7,00
(7m) devices 00 00
SKh-1.1.22. 2.000.000,
Emergency Lamp Pieces 500.000,00 4,00
(7n) 00

Activities and equipment

related to Construction
Safety Risk Control:
including environmental
testing/inspection costs:
SKh-1.1.22. 3.850.000,
Light Fire Extinguisher Pieces 350.000,00 11,00
(9a1) 00
SKh-1.1.22.
Internal audit Activity 100.000,00 7,00 700.000,00
(9a7)

Total Contract Price 664.677.000,00

*
Corresponding author: ravniarkunaifi@[Link]
3.4. OSH Cost Percentage
The estimated cost of Occupat
Safety and Health on the Project is
calculated from the costs of security
equipment, security, including signs,
health facilities, and other costs. Based
on the total cost of occupational safety
and health, it can be seen in the
following table: The estimated cost of
Occupational Safety and Health on the
Project is calculated from the costs of
security equipment, security, including
signs, health facilities, and other costs.
Based on the total cost of occupational Fig. 5. Engineering Control.
safety and health, it can be seen in the
following table: b. Administration
Control that can be carried out
Table 5. Percentage of Occupational Safety and Health Costs administratively can be done by means of work
schedules, breaks, implementation of work
CONTRACT OSH COST PERCENTAG procedures. The controls are:
VALUE (Rp) (Rp) E  Installation of excavation edge signs.
[Link] 664.677.00  Periodic heavy equipment inspection.
9,00 0,00 4,04%  Supervision of heavy equipment when in
use.
 Installation of edge signs Hotmix spreading
Based on table 5, it is known that work.
the planned project cost according to  Regularly check the vibrator.
the contract value is Rp.  Check the vibrator before use.
[Link],00. From the analysis  Installation of signs for excavation and rub-
results, OSH Funds are based on the ber cones.
owner's possibilities which are regulated  Provide guidance on safe distance of cables
by Minister for Public Works and Housing and monitors.
Regulation number 10 of 2021 on  Move the cable on the tool so that it doesn't
Construction Safety Management with get caught in the leg.
Rp. 664.677.000,00 (Six Hundred Sixty  Check scaffolding before use.
Four Million Six Hundred Seventy Seven  Regularly check the strength of the working
Hundred Rupiah) or around 4.09%. The scaffolding.
OSH cost value meets the ideal
standards of circular letter number
10/SE/M/2018, namely between 1.5% -
2.5% of the total project value.

3.5. Risk Control

Fig. 6. Administrative Control.
Control is carried out in accordance with the risk control
hierarchy in Figure 1 and 2 and in accordance with Large c. Personal Protective Equipment
levels of risk can be minimized by controlling engineers, Tools that meet standards and must be used
administration and use of PPE which can be described as by workers.
follows:  Use of personal protective equipment in the
form of masks by workers.
a. Engineering Controls  Use of gloves for workers during hotmix
This control is the first control that is carried out by
spreading activities.
managing sources of danger, keeping them away to safe
 Use of personal protective equipment in the
limits. The controls are:
form of safety glasses by workers.
 Stability monitoring before equipment is placed.  Use personal protective equipment comple-
 Supervision of heavy equipment movements. tely and correctly when working.
 Supervision of heavy equipment when in use.
 Supervision of the vibrator when in use.
 Supervision of assistive devices when used.
 Supervision of the use of scaffolding during work.

*
Corresponding author: ravniarkunaifi@[Link]
 Journal of Safety Research., vol. 81, 2022,
doi: 10.1016/j.jsr2022.01.005.
Fig. 7. Personal Protective Equipment. 6. Clayton Sinyai and Sang Choi, “Fifteen
years of American construction
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Safety Science, vol. 131, 2020, doi:
10.1016/[Link].2020.104915.
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Gochhayat, “Critique on occupational
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Konstruksi Di Indonesia”. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia
Based on the results of the research that has been car- Pustaka Utama.
ried out, from the 31 hazards in 9 jobs show a high risk level 9. Kurniawan, Fredy. 2019. Case study of
of 15 hazards or equivalent (48%), a medium risk level of 16 implementing health and safety at bridge
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equipment. pembangunan gedung Lt. II SD N 13
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