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8  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

jkpo;g; ghlj;jpy;
mjpf kjpg;ngz; ngw vd;d
nra;aNtz;Lk;? thq;f ghh;g;Nghk;!
KOkjpg;ngz; ngw khztu;fSf;fhd rpy Fwpg;Gfs;
1. xw;W vOj;Jf;fis (nka;naOj;J) tupapd; Kjypy; vOJtijj; jtpUq;fs;. nrhw;fisg;
gpupj;J vOJtijj; jtpHf;fTk;. tpilfis mbj;jy;> jpUj;jy; ,y;yhky; njspthf vOj
Ntz;Lk;.
2. kdg;ghlg; ghly;fis vOJk; NghJ ghlE}ypy; cs;sJ Nghy; vOJq;fs;. tupfis
klf;fp vOjhjPHfs;. kdg;ghlg; ghly;fs; rPH gpupf;fg;gl;L> mbfs; cupa tifapy;
mike;J> epWj;jw;Fwpfs; rupahf ,lg;gl;bUe;jhy; kl;LNk KO kjpg;ngz; ngwKbAk;.
3. neLtpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfs; gj;jp gpupj;J> Jizj;jiyg;Gfs; ,l;L> cupa ,lq;fspy;
nra;As; Nkw;Nfhs; nfhLj;J ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk KO kjpg;ngz;fis ngwyhk;.
4. ez;gDf;Nfh> cwtpdUf;Nfh fbjk; vOJk; NghJ ,lj;ijAk;> NjjpiaAk; vOjpa gpwNf
fbjj;ij vOj Ntz;Lk;. kw;w fbjq;fSf;F mDg;Geu;> ngWeu;> nghUs; vOjp fbjj;ij
vOj Ntz;Lk;. ,Wjpapy; ve;j fbjkhf ,Ue;jhYk; fz;bg;ghf ciwNky; Kftup
Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
5. fbjj;ij xNu gf;fj;jpy; njhlq;fp mNj gf;fj;jpy; Kbj;jy; ey;yJ. Kftup vOJk;
NghJ fhw;Gs;sp ,l;L> epiwtpy; Kw;Wg; Gs;sp ,Lq;fs;. mQ;ry; FwpaPl;L vz; mtrpak;
vOJq;fs;. Mq;fpyj;jpy; P.o., T.k., D.t vd vOjf; $lhJ. mQ;ryfk;> tl;lk;> khtl;lk;
vd vOJq;fs;.
6. myfpl;L tha;ghl;il vOJk; NghJ jdpj;jdpahf rPu; gpupj;J rupahd tha;ghl;il
njspthf vOjpdhy; KO kjpg;ngz;fis Rygkhf ngwyhk;. ,e;j myfPl;L
tha;ghl;bw;fhd jpUf;FwshdJ ,ay; %d;W kw;Wk; ,ay; Mwpy; cs;s jpUf;Fwspy;
,Ue;J Nfl;fg;gLk;. vdNt mtw;iw gapw;rp nra;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ,g;gFjpapy; vspikahf
kjpg;ngz;fis ngwyhk;.
7. gbtk; epug;Gjypd; NghJ tpdhj;jhspy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l tptuq;fis kl;LNk G+u;j;jp nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. jdJ nrhe;j tptuq;fis vf;fhuzk; nfhz;L gbtj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;lhk;.
8. tpupthdg; gFjpapy; Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfis Kjypy; njspthf gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwF
mjw;F Vw;whw;Nghy; tpilfis vOj Ntz;Lk;. (Fwpg;Gr;rl;lfk;> fijapd; ikaf;fUj;J>
fijkhe;ju;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw nfhLj;J vOJjy; rpwe;jJ)
9. fl;Liu vOJk; NghJ fz;bg;ghf Kd;Diu kw;Wk; KbTiu ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. jiyg;G
nfhLj;J fl;Liu vOj Ntz;Lk;. fl;Liuf;F nghUj;jkhd Nkw;Nfhs; VNjDk; nfhLj;J
epiwT nra;jhy; ,d;Dk; rpwg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.
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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  9

tpdhj;jhs; tbtikg;G
10Mk; tFg;G - nghJj;jkpo;
tpdhj;jhs; thrpj;jy; (15 epkplk;)
vOj
tpdh Nfl;fg;gLk;
cl;gpupT jiyg;G Ntz;ba kjpg;ngz;fs; Neuk;
vz; Nfs;tpfs;
Nfs;tpfs;
gFjp - I : xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; (kjpg;ngz;fs; : 15)
ciueil 3 3
nra;As; 2 2
1 - 11 3 3
,yf;fzk; 15 20
nkhopg;gapw;rp 3 3 epkplk;
12 - 15 nra;As; nfhLj;J 4 tpdhf;fs;; 4 4
Fwpg;G : ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s VNjDk; xU nra;As; nfhLf;fg;gl;L> mjpypUe;J
ehd;F tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,JTk; gyTs; njupf tifjhd;.
gFjp – II : ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; (kjpg;ngz;fs; : 18)
16 - 20 ciueil kw;Wk; nra;As;
gpupT: 1 fl;lha tpdh - kdg;ghlj; 6 4 8
21 jpUf;Fws;. 25
Fwpg;G : ciueilapy; tpilf;Nfw;w tpdh ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. epkplk;
22 - 28 ,yf;fzk; (k) nkhopg;gapw;rp 7 5 10
gpupT: 2 Fwpg;G : fiyr;nrhw;fs; tpdhtpw;F khw;whf> nrtpkhw;Wj; jpwdhsu;fSf;F vspa
nkhopj;jpwd; tpdh ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
gFjp – III : %d;W kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; (kjpg;ngz;fs; : 18)
gpupT: 1 29 - 31 ciueil 3 2 6
Fwpg;G : ciueilg; gFjpapy; Xu; ciu gj;jp 3 tpdhf;fSld; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
32 - 33 nra;As; 30
gpupT: 2 fl;l ha tpdh - kdg;ghlr; 3 2 6 epkplk;
34 nra;As;. ,uz;L nfhLj;J
xd;W vOJkhW mike;Js;sJ.
gpupT: 3 35 - 37 ,yf;fzk; 3 2 6
gFjp – IV : Ie;J kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; (kjpg;ngz;fs; : 25)
38 nra;As; neLtpdh 2 1 5
39 fbjk; 2 1 5
40 glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;J> 1 1 5
ftpij> gj;jp> Ie;J njhlu;fs;
41 gbtk; 1 1 5 45
38 - 42 epkplk;
Fwpg;G : muR ntspapl;Ls;s ehd;F gbtq;fspy; VNjDk; xU gbtk; Nfl;fg;gLk;
42 nkhopg;gapw;rp (m) 2 1 5
nkhopngau;g;Gg; gFjp
Fwpg;G : nkhopg;ngau;g;G tpdhtpw;F khw;whf> nrtpkhw;Wj; jpwdhsu;fSf;fhd tpdhthf
ciug;gj;jpiag; gbj;J 5 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;Fk; gFjp ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
gFjp – V : vl;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; (kjpg;ngz;fs; : 24)
43 ciueil neLtpdh 2 1 8
45
43 - 45 44 Jizg;ghlk; 2 1 8 epkplk;
45 nghJf;fl;Liu 2 1 8
Fwpg;G : ghlg;gFjp rhu;e;J cUthf;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSk; ,lk;ngw;Wk;.
jpUg;Gjy; (15 epkplk;)
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10  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

KO kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba topKiwfs;

tpdhj;jhs; mikg;gpidj; njspthf Gupe;J ehk; gbj;jhy; fz;bg;ghf jkpo;g; ghlj;jpy; KO
kjpg;ngz;fis ngw KbAk;. mjw;F fPo;f;fz;l Fwpg;Gfis kdjpy; epiy epWj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

tpdh : 1 - 15 gFjp – I : xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 15x 1 = 15

 tpdhj;jhspd; Kjy; gFjpapy; 15 xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. mtw;Ws; Kjy;

11 tpdhf;fs; ciueil> nra;As;> ,yf;fzk;> nkhopg;gapw;rp Mfpatw;wpypUe;J
Nfl;fg;gLk;. 12ypUe;J 15 tiuAs;s ehd;F tpdhf;fs; ghliyg; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspj;jy; vd;w tifapy; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
 khztu;fs; ghlE}ypy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fisAk; ed;whf
gbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;j tpdhf;fspypUe;Jjhd; xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
Nfl;fg;gLk; vd;w tiuaiw ,y;iy. MdhYk; ,tw;wpypUe;J tpdhf;fs;
Nfl;fg;glyhk; vd;gij epidtpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;. me;j tpdhf;fspy; VNjDk;
khw;wq;fs; nra;J tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
 ghlE}ypy; cs;s tpdhf;fspy; rpW khw;wk; nra;J nghJj; Nju;tpy; tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;glyhk;.
MfNt tpdhit ftdkhf gbj;J ghu;j;J tpiliaj; Nju;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
 cjhuzkhf ngupa kPir rpupj;jhu; vd;w njhlupy; mbf;Nfhbl;l nrhy;ypd;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G vd;d? vd;w tpdhtpw;fhd tpil md;nkhopj; njhif.
 Mdhy; ngupa kPir rpupj;jhu; vd;w njhlupy; mbf;Nfhbl;l nrhy;ypd; ,yf;fzf;
Fwpg;G vd;d? vd Nfl;fg;gl;lhy; mt;tpdhtpw;fhf tpil gz;Gj;njhif.
 ,J Nghd;w rpW NtWghl;il ePq;fs; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
 vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> “khytd; Fd;wk; Nghdhnyd;d? Ntytd; Fd;wkhtJ vq;fSf;F
Ntz;Lk;” - khytd; Fd;wKk; Ntytd; Fd;wKk; Fwpg;git KiwNa – vd;w
tpdhtpw;F tpil : jpUg;gjpAk;> jpUj;jzpAk;
 Mdhy; ,t;tpdhtpy; rpW khw;wk; nra;J> Ntytd; Fd;wKk; khytd; Fd;wKk;
Fwpg;git KiwNa – vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;lhy; mjw;F tpil : jpUj;jzpAk; jpUg;gjpAk;
 vdNt tpdhit ftdj;Jld; gbj;Jzu;e;J tpilia rupahf Nju;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
 ghlE}ypy; cs;s nkhopg; gapw;rpfisf; ftdj;Jld; gbj;jy; ed;W. njhifr; nrhw;fs;>
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G> njhlu; tiffs;> tpdh tiffs;> tpil tiffs; Nghd;w gFjpfspy;
mjpf ftdk; nrYj;Jq;fs;. ,ijj; jtpu ghlE}ypd; cs;spUe;Jk;; tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
tpdhf;fs; midj;ijAk; ed;F Gupe;J gbj;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. ciueilg; gFjpfspy; tz;z
vOj;Jfshy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ghly; tupfs;> Nkw;Nfhs;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; kdjpy;
,Uj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. vdNt nra;As;> ciueil> ,yf;fzk;> nkhopg; gapw;rp Mfpa
gFjpfis kpFe;j ftdj;Jld; xt;nthU tupahf czu;e;J gbj;jhy; vj;jifa
tpdhf;fisf; Nfl;lhYk; tpilaspf;fyhk;.

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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  11

 tpdh vz;fs; 12ypUe;J 15tiuapyhd tpdhf;fs; ghliyg; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspf;f vd;w mikg;gpy; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
 nra;As; gFjpapYs;s E}ypd; ngau;> Mrpupau; ngau;> ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G> nghUs;
kw;Wk; mb vJiffs; Mfpatw;iw ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
 njhlu;epiyr; nra;As; my;yhj nra;As; gFjpapypUe;Nj tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl
tha;g;Gfs; mjpfk;. vdNt mtw;wpy; kpFe;j ftdk; nrYj;Jq;fs;. gpd;tUk;
ml;ltizia vg;NghJk; kdjpy; Vw;wpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

nra;As; gFjp
ghly; tupfs;
,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; E}yhrpupau; ngau;
(njhlq;Fk; nrhy;)
md;id nkhopNa
njd;dd; kfNs
fdpr;rhW ghtyNuW ngUQ;rpj;jpudhu;
nre;jkpNo
ce;jp czu;ntOg;g
fhw;Nw th
ghujpahu; ftpijfs; ghujpahu;
rf;jp Fiwe;Jngha;
thshy; mWj;Jr; ngUkhs; jpUnkhop FyNrfuho;thu;
mUisg; ngUf;fp ePjp ntz;gh fh.g.nra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu;
jh JF Nrhiy NjhWQ;
jz;liy kapy;f shlj;
tz;ik apy;iyNahu;
fk;guhkhazk; fk;gu;
nta;Nahndhsp jd;Nkdpapd;
Mo neLe;jpiu ahW
cwq;F fpd;w Fk;g fd;d
,e;jp ud;Kjw; jprhghyu; nka;f;fPu;j;jp ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhr Nrhod;
tz;zKk; Rz;zKk;
J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk;
fhopau;> $tpau;> fs;nehil rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
fz;Zs; tpidQUk;
gOJ,y; nra;tpidg;
ftpQd; ahNdhu;
gjtp thSf;Fk; fhyf; fzpjk; fz;zjhrd;
khw;wk; vdJ khdplj;
G+f;ifiaf; Ftpj;Jg; G+Nt
tha;kzp ahff; $Wk;
tpupe;jd nfhk;gpy; nfha;j Njk;ghtzp tPukhKdptu;
ca;Kiw mwpNad;@ Xu;e;j
etkzp tlf;f apy;Nghy;

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12  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

tpdh : 16 - 28 gFjp – II : ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 9x 2 = 18

 gFjp – 2,y; 18 kjpg;ngz;fSf;fhd FWtpdhf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. ,g;gFjp ,uz;L
gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
gpupT - 1
 Kjy; gpuptpy; (16 – 21) MW tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
 ,jpy; 3 tpdhf; fs; ciueilapypUe; J k; > 3 tpdhf; fs; nra; A s;
gFjpapypUe; J k; Nfl; fg; g Lk; . mjpy; xU tpdh (ciueil) tpilfSf; N fw; w
tpdhf; f s; mikf; f vdTk; > 21MtJ tpdh (nra; A s; gFjp) jpUf; F ws;
kdg; g hlg; ghly; fl; l ha tpdhthfTk; nfhLf; fg; g l; b Uf; F k; .
 ,t; t pdhf; fSf; F tpilaspj; J tpl; l hy; kP j Ks; s ,uz; L tpdhf; fSf; F
kl; L Nk tpilaspf; f Ntz; L k; . mt; t puz; L tpdhf; fSk; ghlE}y; tpdhf; f shf
,Uf; f tha; g ; G z; L . vdNt ghlE}ypy; FWtpdhf; f Sf; F upa tpilfisg;
gbj; J f; nfhs; t J rpwe; j J.
gpupT - 2
 gpupT – 2,y; (22 – 28) VO tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk;
tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 ,e;j VO tpdhf;fspy; ,yf;fzg; gFjpapypUe;J 3 tpdhf;fSk;> nkhopg;
gapw;rpapypUe;J 4 tpdhf;fSk; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
 nrhy;Yk; nghUSk;
 ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G
 gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
 fiyr;nrhy; jUf
 epWj;jw;FwpaPL
 gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fisj; jkpo;nrhy;yhf;Ff
 ,Unrhw;fis njhlupy; mikj;jy;
 Ngr;R tof;fpid vOj;J tof;fhf khw;Wjy;
 jkpnoz;fs;
 gonkhop tpopg;Gzu;T & ctikj;njhlu;
 xUik gd;ik gpiofs;
 kuGj; njhlu;fisj; njhlupy; mikj;jy;
 $l;lg;ngau;fs;> tpidkuG
 ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJf
 njhifr; nrhw;fis tpupj;J vOJf
Mfpait Nfl;fg;glyhk;. vdNt ,g;gFjpfis gapw;rp nra;J nfhz;lhy; Nju;tpw;F
gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  13

tpdh : 29 - 37 gFjp – III : %d;W kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 6x 3 = 18

 gFjp – 3,y; 18 kjpg;ngz;fSf;fhd rpW tpdhf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. ,g;gFjp %d;W
gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
gpupT - 1
 gpupT – 1,y; (29 - 31) ciueilg; gFjpapypUe;J %d;W tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L ,uz;L
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 29MtJ tpdh ciug;gj;jpiag; gbj;J %d;W tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f vd
Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
 kw;w ,uz;L tpdhf;fs; ‘jpwd; mwpNthk;’ tpdhf;fspypUe;Njh my;yJ
cs;spUe;Njh Nfl;fg;glyhk;.
gpupT - 2
 gpupT – 2,y; (32 – 34) nra;As; gFjpapypUe;J %d;W tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L ,uz;L
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tifapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;.
 34MtJ tpdh (fl;lha tpdh) nra;As; kdg;ghlg; gFjpapypUe;J m my;yJ M vd;w
tifapy; ,uz;L ghly;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;L> xd;wpw;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;FkhW mikAk;.
 md;id nkhopNa  fk;guhkhazk;
 ngUkhs; jpUnkhop  rpyg;gjpfhuk;
 ePjp ntz;gh  fhyf;fzpjk;
 Njk;ghtzp
Mfpa kdg;ghlg; ghly;fis kddk; nra;J> gpioapy;yhky; mbf;fb vOjpg; ghu;j;jy;
rpwe;jJ. gapw;rpahy; kl;LNk ,g;gFjpapy; KO kjpg;ngz;fis ngw KbAk;.
 kw;w ,uz;L tpdhf;fs; ‘jpwd; mwpNthk;’ tpdhf;fspypUe;Njh my;yJ cs;spUe;Njh
Nfl;fg;glyhk;.
gpupT - 3
 gpupT – 3,y; (35 – 37) ,yf;fzg; gFjpapypUe;J %d;W tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L ,uz;L
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 ,t;tpdhf;fspy; myfpl;L tha;ghL kw;Wk; mzpapyf;fzk; Nfl;f mjpf tha;g;Gs;sJ.
mtw;iw ed;whf gapw;rp nra;jhy; KO kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.
 ,ay; 3 kw;Wk; ,ay; 6 Mfpatw;wpy; cs;s jpUf;Fws;fis myfpl;L tha;ghL vOjpg;
goFq;fs;. vt;thW myfpLjy; vd;gij gf;f vz; : 20-I ghu;f;fTk;.
 mzpapyf;fzj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu
 jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp
 jPtf mzp
gf;f vz; : 21-I ghu;f;fTk;.
 epuy;epiw mzp
 jd;ikazp
kw;Wk; jpUf;Fws; gFjpapy; mzp gapd;W te;Js;s Fwl;ghf;fs; (,ay; %d;wpy; 9> 11> 20>
,ay; Mwpy; 5> 8> 15> 19> 20) Mfpatw;iwg; Gupe;J gbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
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14  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

tpdh : 38 - 42 gFjp – IV : Ie;J kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 5x 5 = 25

 gFjp – 4,y; (38 – 42) 25 kjpg;ngz;fSf;fhd Ie;J tpdhf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.
midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 38tJ tpdh nra;As; gFjp neLtpdhf;fs; ,uz;L nfhLj;J xd;W vOJkhW
Nfl;fg;gLk;. (mjpy; xd;W neLtpdhTk; my;yJ gheak; ghuhl;Lf tpdhthf ,Uf;Fk;.
nra;As; njhlu;ghd ghly;fs; my;yJ xt;nthU ,aypd; nkhopg;gapw;rp gFjpapYs;s gheak;
ghuhl;Lf tpdhf;fs; ,lk;ngwyhk;)
 39MtJ tpdh ,uz;L fbjk; nfhLj;J xd;W vOJkhW Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,f;fbjq;fspy;
Gfhu;f; fbjk;> tho;j;Jf; fbjk; my;yJ ez;gDf;F kly; vd vt;tifapy; fbjk;
Nfl;fg;gl;lhYk; vOJk; tifapy; gapw;rp nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

 40MtJ tpdh glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;ij Ie;J njhlu;fspy; ftpij vOJjy;> fijia
epiwT nra;f> nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;gpy; ftpij vOJjy; Mfpatw;wpy; VNjDk; xU
tpdh Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,J khztu;fspd; rpe;jidj; jpwid ntspf;nfhzUk; tpdh
vd;gjhy; khztu;fs; jk; rpe;jidapy; cjpj;jtw;iw vOJjy; rpwg;G.

 41MtJ tpdh gbtj;ij epug;Gjy;. jkpof murhy; ntspaplg;gl;l ehd;F tifg;

gbtq;fspypUe;J VNjDk; xU gbtj;ijj; epug;GkhW Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mg;gbtq;fs;
,e;E}ypd; ,Wjpapy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,g;gbtq;fspy; tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l
jfty;fisf; nfhz;Nl epug;g Ntz;Lk;.

 nghJj; Nju;T tpilj;jhspy; gbtq;fs; ijf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l

tpdhtpw;Nfw;w gbtj;ij Nju;T nra;J> tpdh vz;iz mg;gbtj;jpy; vOjp epug;g
Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;G : gbtk; epug;Gjypy; cq;fSila ngaiuNah my;yJ cq;fisg; gw;wpa ve;j

jftiyNah vOjptplf;$lhJ. mt;tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l tptuq;fisf; nfhz;Nl
ehk; mg;gbtj;ij epug;g Ntz;Lk;.

 42MtJ tpdh ghlE}ypy; cs;s epw;f mjw;Fj; jf my;yJ nkhopNahL tpisahL

my;yJ nkhopngau;j;jy; Mfpa gFjpfspypUe;J ,uz;L tpdh nfhLj;J xd;W
vOJkhW Nfl;fg;gLk;. nkhopngau;g;G tpdh Nfl;fg;gl;lhy; nrtp khw;Wj;
jpwdhsu;fSf;fhf khw;W tpdhthf ciug;gj;jpiag; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspj;jy; tpdh nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

nrtpkhw;Wj; jpwdhsu;fSf;fhd khw;W tpdh

Fwpg;G : kw;w khztu;fs; mt;tpdhitj; jtpu;j;jpl Ntz;Lk;. mt;tpdh vspjhf ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gjhy; mij vOjf; $lhJ.

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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  15

tpdh : 43 - 45 gFjp – V : vl;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 3x 8 = 24

 gFjp – 5,y; (43 – 45) 24 kjpg;ngz;fSf;fhd %d;W 8 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; ,lk;

ngw;wpUf;Fk;. %d;W tpdhf;fSNk ,uz;L tpdh nfhLj;J xd;W vOJkhW my;yJ tbtpy;
Nfl;fg;gLk;. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

 43MtJ tpdh
ciueil gFjpapypUe;J ‘jpwd; mwpNthk;’ tpdhf;fspypUe;Njh my;yJ ghlE}y;
cs;spUe;Njh Nfl;fg;gLk;. tpilia cl;jiyg;Gfspl;L njspthf vOjpdhy; kl;LNk
KO kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngwyhk;.

 44MtJ tpdh
,jpy; Jizg;ghl (tpupthdk;) neLtpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,jpy; fijfspd; RUf;fk;>
fij topNa ntspf;nfhzug;gLk; jj;Jtq;fs; gw;wpa tpdhf;fSk; Nfl;fg;glyhk;.
cl;jiyg;Gfspl;L vOjpdhy; KO kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.

 45MtJ tpdh
jiyg;G nfhLj;Njh my;yJ Fwpg;Gfs; nfhLj;Njh fl;Liu vOJkhW tpdhf;fs;
Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mf;Fwpg;Gfis ed;F gbj;J Gupe;J nfhz;L cl;jiyg;Gfspl;L
fl;Liu tbtpy; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf
 “rhd; N whu; tsu; j ; j jkpo; ” vd; w jiyg; g py; fl; L iu vOJf vd; g J
nghJthd fl; L iu. Mdhy; “Fkupf; fly; KidiaAk; Ntq; fl
kiyKfl; i lAk; vy; i yahff; nfhz; l njd; d tu; jpUehl; b w; F g; Gfo;
Njbj; j e; j ngUik> jifrhy; jkpod; i diar; rhUk; . vopy; N ru; fd; d paha;
vd; Wk; jpfOk; mt; t d; i df; F > gps; i sj; j kpo; Ngrp> rjfk; mikj; J > guzp
ghb> fyk; g fk; fz; L > cyh te; J > me; j hjp $wp> Nfhit ahj; J >
mzpahfg; g+l; b mo$l; b mfk; kpf kfpo; e ; j du; nre; e hg; Gytu; fs; .
,f; f Uj; i jf; nfhz; L ‘rhd; N whu; tsu; j ; j jkpo; ’ vd; D k; jiyg; g py;
fl; L iu vOJf vd; W Fwpg; G fs; nfhLf; fg; g l; l hy; mf; F wpg; G fspy; cs; s
rpw; wpyf; f paq; fisg; (gps; i sj; j kpo; > rjfk; > guzp> fyk; g fk; > cyh>
me; j hjp> Nfhit) gilj; j Gytu; fisg; gw; wpAk; mtu; f shy; jkpo; vt; t hW
tsu; f; f g; g l; l J vd; g J gw; w pANk vOj Ntz; L k; . NtW Gytu; fisg; gw; wp
vOjf; $lhJ.
 MfNt fl; L iu tpdhf; fisg; nghWj; j tiu tpdhf; fis ed; F gbj; J
Gupe; J nfhz; L tpilfis vOJtJ Kf; fpak; .

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16  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

,yf;fzg; gFjpfs; xU ghu;it
0 ,ay; - 1 : vOj;J> nrhy;
 KjnyOj;J : (capu; 12 + nka; 18 = 30 KjnyOj;Jf;fs;.
 rhu;ngOj;J : capu;nka;> Ma;jk;> capusngil> xw;wsngil> Fw;wpaypfuk;> Fw;wpaYfuk;>
Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> xsfhuf;FWf;fk;> kfuf;FWf;fk;> Ma;jf;FWf;fk;.
capusngil : capu; nel;nlOj;Jfs; VOk; jj;jk; mstpy; ePz;L xypg;gJ. mk;khm
 nra;Aspir : nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk;NghJ mij epiwT nra;tJ. Xxjy; Ntz;Lk;
 ,d;dpir : nra;Aspy; Xir Fiwahj ,lj;jpYk; ,dpa Xirf;fhf msngLg;gJ nfLg;gJ}ck;
 nrhy;ypir : nra;Aspy; xU ngau;r;nrhy; vr;rr; nrhy;yhf jpupe;J msngLg;gJ. cudir,
xw;wsngil : nka;naOj;Jfshd (q;> Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;> t;> a;> y;> s;) Mfpa gj;Jk;>
/ vd;Dk; Ma;j vOj;Jk; nra;Aspd; Xir FiwAk;NghJ epiwT nra;a msngLg;gJ. vq;q;fpiwtd;
njhopw;ngau; : vz;> ,lk;> fhyk;> ghy; Mfpatw;iw Fwpg;ghfNth> <jy;> elj;jy;
ntspg;gilahfNth czu;j;jhky; tUtJ.
nrhy; : Xu; vOj;J jdpj;Njh> gy vOj;Jf;fs; Nru;e;Njh nghUs; jUtJ. th> g+> khL> Gy;
jdpnkhop : xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; je;jtJ. (v.fh) fz;> gb - fz;zd;> gbj;jhd;
njhlu;nkhop : ,uz;bw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jdpnkhopfs; njhlu;e;J te;J nghUs; jUtJ (v.fh) fz;zd; te;jhd;
nghJnkhop : xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU nghUisAk;> mr;nrhy;Ny gpupe;J epd;W NtW nghUisAk;>
je;J jdpnkhopf;Fk; njhlu;nkhopf;Fk; nghJtha; miktJ (v.fh) vl;L - vz;izd; Fwpf;Fk;
tpFjp ngw;w njhopw;ngau; : tpidabAld; tpFjp Nru;tjhy; cUthFtJ. eil> elj;jy;
vjpu;kiwj; njhopw;ngau; : vjpu;kiwg; nghUspy; tUtJ. elthik> nfhy;yhik
Kjdpiyj; njhopw;ngau; : tpFjp ngwhky; tpidg; gFjpNa njhopw;ngauha; tUtJ. jl;L> ciu> mb
Kjdpiyj; jpupe;j njhopw;ngau; : tpFjp ngwhky; Kjdpiy jpupe;J tUtJ. nfLjy; = nfL - NfL
tpidahyizAk; ngau; : xU tpidKw;W ngaupd; jd;ikia mile;J Ntw;Wik te;jtu; mtu;jhd;.
cUG Vw;Wk;> Vw;fhkYk; NtnwhU gadpiyiaf; nfhz;L KbtJ.
00

,ay; - 2 : njhifepiyj; njhlu;fs;

,yf;fz tpsf;fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
njhifepiyj; njhlu; : Ntw;Wik cUGfNsh> tpid> gz;G Kjypatw;wpd; cUGfNsh fUk;G jpd;whd;
njhf;fp (kiwe;J) ,uz;bw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nrhw;fs; xU nrhy; Nghy; epw;gJ.
Ntw;Wikj;njhif : xU njhlupy; Ntw;Wik (I> My;> F> ,d;> mJ> fz;) cUGfs; kJiu nrd;whu;
kiwe;J te;J nghUs; czu;j;JtJ.
cUGk; gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif : xU njhlupy; Ntw;Wik cUGk;> mjd; Nju;g;ghfd;
nghUis tpsf;Fk; gaDk; Nru;e;J kiwe;J tUtJ.
tpidj;njhif : ,ilepiyAk; nganur;r tpFjpAk; kiwe;J epw;f> tpidg;gFjpiaj; tPRnjd;wy;>
njhlu;e;J xU ngau; te;J xU nrhy;iyg; Nghy; elg;gJ. nfhs;fspW
gz;Gj;njhif : gz;Gg;ngaUf;Fk; mJ jOtp epw;Fk; ngau;r;nrhy;Yf;Fk; ,ilapy; nrq;fhe;js;>
“ik” vd;Dk; gz;G tpFjpAk;> Mfpa> Md vd;Dk; gz;G cUGfSk; kiwe;J tUtJ. ,d;nkhop
,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif : rpwg;Gg;ngau; Kd;Dk; nghJg;ngau; gpd;Dk; epd;W khu;fopj; jpq;fs;>
,ilapy; ‘Mfpa’ vd;Dk; gz;G cUG njhf;fp tUtJ. rhiug;ghk;G
ctikj;njhif : ctikf;Fk;> nghUSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ctkcUG kiwe;J tUtJ. kyu;f;if
ck;ikj;njhif ,Unrhw;fSf;F ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; ‘ck;’ vd;Dk;
: mz;zd; jk;gp>
,ilr;nrhy; kiwe;J tUtJ. jha;Nra;
md;nkhopj; njhif : Ntw;Wik> tpid> gz;G> ctik> ck;ik Mfpa rptg;Gr;rl;il
njhifepiyj; njhlu;fspy; cUGfSk; mit my;yhj NtW nrhw;fSk; kiwe;J Ngrpdhu;> KWf;F
nghUs; jUtJ. kPir te;jhu;.
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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  17

,ay; - 3 njhfhepiyj; njhlu;

njhfhepiyj;njhlu; : xU njhlupy; nrhw;fSf;F ,ilapy; nrhy;Nyh> cUNgh v.fh : fhw;W tPrpaJ
kiwe;J tuhky; nghUis ntspg;gilaha; czu;j;JtJ. ,J xd;gJ tifg;gLk;. Fapy; $tpaJ
tiffs;
vOtha;j;njhlu; : vOthAld; ngau;> tpid> tpdh Mfpa gadpiyfs; njhlu;tJ.
(v.fh) ,dpad; ftpQu;(ngau;)> fhtpup gha;e;jJ(tpid)> NgUe;J tUkh?(tpdh)
tpspj;njhlu; : tpspAld; tpid njhlu;tJ. (v.fh) ez;gh vOJ!
tpidKw;Wj;njhlu; : tpidKw;Wld; xU ngau; njhlu;tJ. (v.fh) ghbdhs; fz;zfp
nganur;rj;njhlu; : Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpid> ngau;r; nrhy;iyf; nfhz;L KbtJ. (v.fh) Nfl;l ghly;
tpidnar;rj;njhlu; : Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpid> tpidr; nrhy;iyf; nfhz;L KbtJ. (v.fh) ghb kfpo;e;jdu;
Ntw;Wikj;njhlu; : Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ntspg;gl mikAk; njhlu;fs;. (v.fh) md;ghy; fl;bdhu;
,ilr;nrhy; njhlu; : ,ilr; nrhy;Yld; ngaNuh> tpidNah njhlu;tJ. (v.fh) kw;nwhd;W − kw;W + xd;W
cupr;nrhy; njhlu; : cupr;nrhy;Yld; ngaNuh> tpidNah njhlu;tJ. (v.fh) rhyr; rpwe;jJ
mLf;Fj; njhlu; : xU nrhy; ,uz;L> %d;W Kiw mLf;fpj; njhlu;tJ. (v.fh) tUf! tUf! tUf!

,ay; - 4 : ,yf;fzk; - nghJ

ghy;gFg;Gfs;
tPud;> mz;zd;> kUjd; - Mz;ghy;
cau;jpiz kfs;> murp> jiytp - ngz;ghy;
,Ujpiz kf;fs;> ngz;fs;> Mltu; - gyu;;ghy;
m/wpiz ahid> Gwh> kiy - xd;wd;ghy;
gRf;fs;> kiyfs; - gytpd;ghy;
Ik;ghy; 1. Mz; g hy; 2. ngz; g hy; 3. gyu; g hy; 4. xd; w d; g hy; 5. gytp d ; g hy;
,lk; ngau; tpid
jd;ik ehd;> ahd;> ehk;> ahk; te;Njd;> te;Njhk;
%tplk; Kd;dpiy eP> ePu;> ePtpu;> ePq;fs; ele;jha;> te;jPu;> nrd;wPu;fs;
glu;f;if mtd;> mts;> mtu;> mJ> te;jhd;> nrd;whd;> gbj;jdH>
mit NgrpdhHfs;> gwe;jJ> gwe;jd
tO tohepiy
1. jpiz ,uhkd; te;jJ ,uhkd; te;jhd;
2. ghy; nry;tp cz;lhd; nry;tp cz;lhs;
3. ,lk; eP te;Njd; eP te;jha;
4. fhyk; ehis te;jhd; ehis tUthd;
tO ,U tpuy;fisf; fhl;b ‘vJ rpwpaJ? vJ
5. tpdh xU tpuiyf; fhl;br; ‘rpwpaNjh? ngupaNjh?’
vd;W Nfl;ly; ngupaJ ?’ vd;W Nfl;ly;
6. tpil ‘fz;zd; vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhu;?’ - tpdhtpw;Ff; ‘fz;zd; vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhu;?’ - tpdhtpw;F
fz;zhb igf;Fs; ,Uf;fpwJ - tpilaspj;jy; fz;zd; tPl;bw;Fs; ,Uf;fpwhu; - tpilaspj;jy;
khkuq;fs; cs;s gFjpia khe;Njhl;lk; vd;W khkuq;fs; cs;s gFjpia khe;Njhg;G
7. kuG $Wjy;. vd;W $Wjy;.
tOtikjp
jpiz tOtikjp : ctg;gpd; fhuzkhf m/wpiz> cau;jpizahf nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
(v.fh) vd; mk;ik te;jhs; (mk;ik - ,q;F khl;il Fwpf;fpwJ)
ghy; tOtikjp : ctg;gpd; fhuzkhf ngz;ghy;> Mz;ghyhff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
(v.fh) thlh ,uhrh> thlh fz;zh (kfis jha; miog;gJ)
,l tOtikjp : jd;ikapidg; glu;f;if ,lj;jpy; $WtJ.
(v.fh) ,e;j khwd; xUehSk; ngha; $wkhl;lhd; (khwd; vd;gtd; jd;id gw;wp gpwuplk; $Wk;NghJ)
fhy tOtikjp : mtuJ tUifapd; cWjpj;jd;ikia $WtJ.
(v.fh) FbauRj; jiytu; ehis jkpofk; tUfpwhu; (tUfpwhu; vd;w fhyk; cWjpahf ntspg;gl;ljhy;)
kuG tOtikjp : ftpijapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sjhy;.
(v.fh) fj;Jq; FapNyhir – rw;Nw te;J
fhjpw; glNtZk;” – ghujpahu;.(Fapy; $Tk; vd;gNj kuG> Fapy; fj;Jk; vd;gJ kuG tO)
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18  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

,ay; - 5 : tpdh> tpil tiffs;> nghUs;Nfhs;
tpdh tiffs;
mwptpdh : jhd; tpil mwpe;jpUe;Jk;> mt;tpil gpwUf;Fj; njupAkh vd;gij mwpAk; nghUl;L tpdTtJ.
(v.fh) khztuplk;> ‘,e;jf; ftpijapd; nghUs; ahJ?’ vd;W Mrpupau; Nfl;ly;.
mwpah tpdh : jhd; mwpahj xd;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdTtJ.
(v.fh) Mrpupauplk;> ‘,e;jf; ftpijapd; nghUs; ahJ?’ vd;W khztu; Nfl;ly;.
Ia tpdh : Iak; ePq;fpj; njspT ngWtjw;fhff; Nfl;fg;gLtJ.
(v.fh) ‘,r;nraiyr; nra;jJ kq;ifah? kzpNkfiyah?’ vd tpdTjy;.
nfhsy; tpdh : jhd; xU nghUis thq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L tpdTtJ.
(v.fh) ‘n[afhe;jd; rpWfijfs; ,Uf;fpwjh?’ vd;W E}yfuplk; tpdTjy;.
nfhil tpdh : gpwUf;F xU nghUisf; nfhLj;J cjTk; nghUl;L tpdTtJ.
(v.fh) ‘vd;dplk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; ,uz;L gbfs; cs;sd. cd;dplk;
ghujpjhrdpd; ftpijfs; ,Uf;fpwjh?’ vd;W nfhLg;gjw;fhf tpdTjy;.
Vty; tpdh : xU nraiyr; nra;AkhW VTjw;nghUl;L tpdTtJ.
(v.fh) “tPl;by; jf;fhsp ,y;iy. eP filf;Fr; nry;fpwhah? ” vd;W mf;fh jk;gpaplk;
tpdtp Ntiyiar; nrhy;Yjy;.
tpil tiffs;
Rl;bf; $Wk; tpil. (v.fh) ‘filj;njU vq;Fs;sJ>’ vd;w tpdhtpw;F>
1. Rl;L tpil
‘tyg;gf;fj;jpy; cs;sJ” vdf; $wy;.
ntspg;gil 2. kiw tpil kWj;Jf; $Wk; tpil. (v.fh) ‘filf;Fg; Nghthah?’ vd;w Nfs;tpf;Fg;
tpilfs; ‘Nghfkhl;Nld;’ vd kWj;Jf; $wy;.
3. Neu; tpil cld;gl;Lf; $Wk; tpil. (v.fh) ‘filf;Fg; Nghthah?’ vd;w
Nfs;tpf;Fg; ‘NghNtd;’ vd cld;gl;Lf; $wy;.
khl;Nld; vd;W kWg;gij VTjyhff; $Wk; tpil. (v.fh) ,J
4. Vty; tpil
nra;thah?” vd;W tpdtpaNghJ> “ePNa nra;” vd;W Vtpf; $WtJ
tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,d;ndhU tpdhitf; Nfl;gJ.
5. tpdh vjpu;
(v.fh) ‘vd;Dld; CUf;F tUthah?’ vd;w tpdhtpw;F ‘tuhky;
tpdhjy; tpil
,Ug;Ngdh?’ vd;W $WtJ.
tpdhtpw;F tpilahf Vw;nfdNt Neu;e;jijf; $wy;.
6. cw;wJ
Fwpg;G ciuj;jy; tpil (v.fh) ‘eP tpisahltpy;iyah?’ vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; ‘fhy; typf;fpwJ’
tpilfs; vd;W cw;wij ciug;gJ.
tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,dpNky; Neu;tijf; $wy;.
7. cWtJ $wy;
tpil (v.fh) ‘eP tpisahltpy;iyah?’ vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; ‘fhy; typf;Fk;’
vd;W cWtij ciug;gJ.
tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,dkhd kw;nwhd;iw tpilahff; $wy;.
8. ,dnkhop
(v.fh) “cdf;Ff; fij vOjj; njupAkh?” vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; “fl;Liu
tpil
vOjj; njupAk;” vd;W $WtJ.
nghUs;Nfhs;
Mw;WePu;g; nghUs;Nfhs; Mw;WePupd; Nghf;ifg;Nghy NeuhfNt nghUs; nfhs;SkhW miktJ
xU nra;Aspy; nrhw;fs; Kiw gpwohky; epuy; epiuahf (tupirahf) miktJ. ,J
epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; Kiw epuy;epiwg; nghUs;> vjpu; epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd ,U tifg;gLk;.
m) Kiw epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; M) vjpu; epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs;
nfhz;L$l;Lg; xU nra;Aspy; gy mbfspy; rpjwpf;fplf;Fk; nrhw;fisg; nghUSf;F Vw;wthW
nghUs;Nfhs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W $l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ.

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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  19

,ay; - 6 : mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fzk;
nghUs; nghUs; vd;gJ xOf;fKiw. ek; jkpou; gy;yhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng
,yf;fzk; tho;tpaiy mfk;> Gwk; vd tFj;jhu;fs;. ,jidg; nghUs; ,yf;fzk; tpsf;FfpwJ.
mfg;nghUs; md;Gila jiytd; jiytp ,ilapyhd cwTepiyfisf; $WtJ mfj;jpiz.
{
mfj;jpizfs; md;gpd; Ie;jpizfs; - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy} iff;fpis> ngUe;jpiz
Kjw;nghUs;> fUg;nghUs;> cupg;nghUs; - Ie;jpizfSf;F cupaJ
Kjw;nghUs; (epyKk;> nghOJk;)
nghOJfs;
jpiz Itif epyq;fs;
ngUk;nghOJ rpWnghOJ
FwpQ;rp kiyAk; kiyrhu;e;j ,lKk; Fspu;fhyk;> Kd;gdpf;fhyk; ahkk;
Ky;iy fhLk; fhL rhu;e;j ,lKk; fhu;fhyk; khiy
kUjk; taYk; tay; rhu;e;j ,lKk; MW ngUk;nghOJfs; itfiw
nea;jy; flYk; fly;rhu;e;j ,lKk; MW ngUk;nghOJfs; vw;ghL
ghiy RuKk; Ruk; rhu;e;j ,lKk; ,sNtdpy;> KJNtdpy;> gpd;gdp ez;gfy;
nghOJfs; (MW $Wfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)
ngUk;nghOJ rpWnghOJ
fhu;fhyk; Mtzp> Gul;lhrp fhiy fhiy 6 kzp Kjy; 10 kzp tiu
Fspu;fhyk; Ig;grp> fhu;j;jpif ez;gfy; fhiy 10 kzp Kjy; 2 kzp tiu
Kd;gdpf;fhyk; khu;fop> ij vw;ghL gpw;gfy; 2 kzp Kjy; 6 kzp tiu
gpd;gdpf;fhyk; khrp> gq;Fdp khiy khiy 6 kzp Kjy; ,uT 10 kzp tiu
,sNtdpw;fhyk; rpj;jpiu> itfhrp ahkk; ,uT 10 kzp Kjy; ,uT 2 kzp tiu
KJNtdpw;fhyk; Mdp> Mb itfiw ,uT 2 kzp Kjy; fhiy 6 kzp tiu
fUg;nghUs; FwpQ;rp Ky;iy kUjk; nea;jy; ghiy
nja;tk; KUfd; jpUkhy; ,e;jpud; tUzd; nfhw;wit
ntw;gd;> Njhd;wy;> Mau;> Cud;> cotu;> Nru;g;gd;>
kf;fs; vapdu;> vapw;wpau;
Fwtu;>Fwj;jpau; Ma;r;rpau; coj;jpau; gujd;> guj;jpau;
kiyney;> nre;ney;> kPd;> cg;Gf;Fg; R+iwahlyhy;
czT tuF> rhik
jpid ntz;nzy; ngw;w nghUs; tUk; nghUs;
tpyq;F Gyp> fub> rpq;fk; Kay;> khd;> Gyp vUik> ePu;eha; Kjiy> Rwh typapoe;j ahid
G+ FwpQ;rp> fhe;js; Ky;iy> Njhd;wp nrq;fOePu;> jhkiu jhio> nea;jy; Futk;> ghjpup
kuk; mfpy;> Ntq;if nfhd;iw> fhah fhQ;rp> kUjk; Gd;id> Qhoy; ,Yg;ig> ghiy
fhl;Lf;Nfhop> ehiu> ePu;f;Nfhop>
gwit fpsp> kapy; flw;fhfk; Gwh> gUe;J
kapy; md;dk;
Cu; rpWFb ghb> Nrup Ng&u;> %J}u; gl;bdk;> ghf;fk; FWk;G
mUtpePu>; kidf;fpzW> kzw;fpzW> tw;wpa Rid>
ePu; fhl;lhW
RidePu; ngha;if ctu;f;fop fpzW
kzKoh>
giw njhz;lfk; VW Nfhl;giw kPd; Nfhl;giw Jb
ney;yupfpiz
aho; FwpQ;rp aho; Ky;iy aho; kUj aho; tpsup aho; ghiy aho;
gz; FwpQ;rpg;gz; Ky;iyg;gz; kUjg;gz; nrt;topg;gz; gQ;Rug;gz;
NjndLj;jy;> VW jOTjy;> ney;yupjy;> kPd; gpbj;jy;> topg;gwp> epiu
njhopy;
fpoq;F mfo;jy; epiu Nka;j;jy; fis gwpj;jy; cg;G tpisj;jy; ftu;jy;
cupg;nghUs; Itif epyq; f Sf; F k; jdpj; j dpNa cs; s kf; f spd; xOf; f ne wp.

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20  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

,ay; - 7 : Gwg;nghUs; ,yf;fzk;
Gwj;jpiz jpiz tpsf;fk;
ntl;rp Mepiufisf; ftu;e;Jtu ntl;rpg; G+tpidr; #bf;nfhz;L nry;tJ.
fue;ij ftu;e;J nry;yg;gl;l jk; Mepiufis kPl;fr;nry;Yk; NghJ fue;ij G+tpid #br; nry;tJ.
tQ;rp kz;zhir nfhz;L giftu; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wf; fUjp tQ;rpg;G+itr; #bg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ.
fhQ;rp jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w te;j khw;wurNdhL> fhQ;rpg;G+itr; #b vjpu;j;Jg; NghupLtJ.
Nfhl;iliaf; fhf;f Ntz;b cs;spUe;Nj Kw;Wifapl;l gifaurNdhL nehr;rpg;G+itr; #bg;
nehr;rp
NghupLtJ.
copiQ khw; wurdpd; Nfhl;iliaf; ifg;gw;w copiQg; G+itr; #ba jd; tPuu;fSld; mjidr; Rw;wp
tisg;gJ.
gifNte;ju; ,UtUk; typikNa ngupJ vd;gij epiyehl;l> jk; tPuu;fSld; Jk;igg; G+itr;
Jk;ig #b NghupLtJ.
ghlhz; ghLtjw; Fj; jFjpAila Xu; MSikahsupd; fy;tp> tPuk;> nry;tk;> Gfo;> fUiz
Kjypatw;iwg; Nghw;wpg; ghLtJ.
nghJtpay; ntl; rp Kjy; ghlhz; tiu cs;s Gwj;jpizfspy; nghJthdtw;iwAk;> mtw;Ws;
$wg;glhjdtw;iwAk; $WtJ.
,ay; - 8 : gh – tif> myfpLjy;
ghtif Xir tpsf;fk;
ntz;gh nrg;gNyhir ,Utu; ciuahLtJ Nghd;w Xir. (v.fh) jpUf;Fws;> ehybahu;
mftw;gh ,yf;fz fl;Lf;Nfhg;G FiwthfTk; ftpij ntspaPl;Lf;F vspjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;
(m) mftNyhir xUtu; NgRtJ / nrhw;nghopthw;WtJ Nghd;w Xir.
Mrpupag;gh (v.fh) rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy> ngUq;fij
fypgg; h Js;sNyhir fd;W Js;spaJ Nghd;W jho;e;J cau;e;J tUk; Xir.
tQ;rpgg; h J}q;fNyhir rPu;NjhWk; Js;shJ J}q;fp tUk; Xir. jho;e;Nj tUk; Xir.
nghJ
,yf;fzk; ntz;gh Mrpupag;gh(mftw;gh)
Xir nrg;gy; Xir mfty; Xir
rPu; <w;wb Kr;rPuhfTk;> Vida mbfs; ehw;rPuhfTk; <uirr; rPu; kpFjpahfTk;> fha;r;rPu;
tUk;. ,jpy; ,aw;rPu;> ntz;rPu; kl;LNk gapd;W tUk;. FiwthfTk; gapd;W tUk;.
jis ,aw;rPu; ntz;lis> ntz;rPu; ntz;lis kl;Lk; Mrpupaj; jis kpFjpahfTk; ntz;lis>
gapd;W tUk;. fypj;jis Mfpait tputpAk; tUk;.
mb ,uz;lb Kjy; gd;dpuz;L mb tiu %d; wb Kjy; vOJgtu;
tUk;(fypntz;gh - 13mbf;F Nky; tUk;) kdepiyf; Nfw; g mikAk; .
<w;Wr; rPu; ehs;> kyu;> fhR> gpwg;G vd;w
Kbg;G Vfhuj;jpy; KbAk;.
tha;g;ghl;by; KbAk;.
tha;g;ghL
myfpLjy; : nra;Aspd; rPiug; gpupj;J mir ghu;j;J> mirf;Nfw;w tha;ghL fhZjy;.
(v.fh) fy;yhu; gb – 1 : rPh;ghp pj;jy; : fy; / yhu;
gb – 2 : miria vOJjy; : Neu; Neu; gb – 3 : tha;ghL fhZjy; : Njkh
va;Jtu; vd;w rPhpd; tha;ghL $tpsk; MFk;.
mir
Neuir : jdpf;Fwpy;> jdpf;Fwpy; xw;W> jdpneby;> epiuair : ,uz;L Fwpy;> ,uz;L Fwpy; xw;W>
jdpneby; xw;W Fwpy; neby;> Fwpy; neby; xw;W
Xuirr;rPu; <uirr;rPu; %tirr;rPu;
Neu; Neu; Neu; Njkhq;fha;
Neu; ehs; Neu; Neu; Njkh epiu Neu; Neu; Gspkhq;fha;
epiu epiu Neu; fUtpsq;fha;
epiu kyu; epiu Neu; Gspkh Neu; epiu Neu; $tpsq;fha;
Neu; Neu; epiu Njkhq;fdp
Neu;G fhR epiu epiu fUtpsk; epiu Neu; epiu Gspkhq;fdp
epiu epiu epiu fUtpsq;fdp
epiuG gpwg;G Neu; epiu $tpsk; Neu; epiu epiu $tpsq;fdp
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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  21

,ay; - 9 : mzpfs;
mzp : nra;As;fSf;F moF nra;J Ritia cz;lhf;Ftd ‘mzpfs;’
jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp : ,ay;gha; epfOk; epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQd; jd; Fwpg;ig Vw;wpf; $WtJ.
(v.fh) ‘vt;tifg; nghUS nka;tif tpsf;FQ;
nrhd;Kiw njhLg;gJ jd;ikahFk;’. - jz;bayq;fhuk; - 27
jPtf mzp : nra;Aspd; Xuplj;jpy; epd;w xU nrhy; mr;nra;Aspd; gy ,lq;fspYk; cs;s
nrhw;fNshL nrd;W nghUe;jpg; nghUis tpsf;Fjy;.
(v.fh) “Nre;jd Nte;jd………………
………………… Gd;FyKk; tPo;e;J.”
epuy;epiw mzp : nrhy;iyAk; nghUisAk; tupirahf epWj;jp mt;tupirg;gbNa ,izj;Jg; nghUs;
nfhs;tJ.
(v.fh) “NghUoe; njLj;j Mnuapy; neLq;nfhb
‘thuy;’ vd;gdNghy; kwpj;Jf;if fhl;l”
jd;ik mzp : ve;j tif nghUshf ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; cz;ikahd ,ay;Gj; jd;ikapidf;
Nfl;gtu;fspd; kdk; kfpOkhW cupa nrhw;fis mikj;Jg; ghLtJ. ,J ehd;F
tifg;gLk;. mit nghUs; jd;ikazp> Fzj; jd;ikazp> rhjpj; jd;ikazp>
njhopw; jd;ikazp.
(v.fh) “md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;f;if
gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ.” - Fws; - 45

1 Kjy; 100 tiu cs;s jkpnoz;fs;

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22  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

ty;nyOj;J kpFk; ,lq;fs;

t.vz; ty;nyOj;J kpFk; ,lq;fs; v.fh
Nfhbf;fiu>vl;Lj;njhif>
Nfhb> gj;J> vl;L> mir> ghjp vdtUk;
1. gj;Jg;ghl;L> miug;gq;F>
vz;Zg;ngau;fspd; Kd; kpFk;. ghjpf;fl;lzk;
2. ctikj;njhifapy; kpFk;. Kj;Jg;gy;
3. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wiktpupapy; kpFk;. kioePiur;Nrkpg;Nghk;
%d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld;njhf;f jhkiuf;Fsk;
4.
njhifapy; kpFk;.
5. ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik tpupapy; kpFk;. jk;gpf;Ff;nfhLj;jhd;
6. m/wpiz Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhifapy; kpFk;. ahidf;nfhk;G
7. Vohk; Ntw;Wikj;njhifapy; kpFk;. kidg;GFe;jhu;
Vohk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld;njhf;f Ntu;f;fliy
8.
njhifapy; kpFk;.
9. Rl;nlOj;Jfspd; Kd; tUk;. mg;Gj;jfk;> ,g;ngl;b
10. Rl;Lj;jpupGfspd; Kd; tUk;. me;jg;ngl;b> ,e;jg;Gj;jfk;
11. XnuOj;J xUnkhopapd; gpd; kpFk;. ifg;ngl;b> ijg;nghq;fy;
12. Ifhu <w;Wr;nrhw;fspd;gpd; kpFk;. njhiyf;fhl;rp>njhiyg;Ngrp
13. <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg;nganur;rj;jpd;gpd; kpFk;. Xlhf;Fjpiu> ghlhg;ghl;L
14. ‘v’ vd;Dk; tpdh vOj;jpd;gpd; kpFk;. vg;nghUs;
mg;gbr;nrhd;dhd;>
15. mg;gb> ,g;gb> vg;gb vd;Dk; nrhw;fspd;gpd; kpFk;. ,g;gbg;Ngryhkh?>
vg;gbj;jUtha;?
tUtjha;r;nrhd;dhd;>
16. Ma;> Ngha; vd;Wk; tpidnar;rq;fspd;gpd; kpFk;. Ngha;g;ghu;j;jhd;
17. ,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhifapy; kpFk;. rhiug;ghk;G> ijj;jpq;fs;

ty;nyOj;J kpfh ,lq;fs;

t.vz; ty;nyOj;J kpfh ,lq;fs; v.fh
mJfz; ,J Gj;jfk;
vJ je;jha; VJ fz;lha;
mJ> ,J> vJ> VJ> ahJ> mit> ahJ nghUs;
vit> ,it> ahit> mj;jid> mit ngupad
vit rpwe;jd ,it Gjpait
1. ,j;jid> vj;jid> mt;tsT> ahit Nghapd
,t;tsT> vt;tsT Mfpa ,j;jid goik mj;jid GJikah
nrhw;fspd;gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. mt;tsT gRf;fs; vj;jid gz;ghL?
vt;tsT fz;fs; ,t;tsT jq;fk;
2. tpidj;njhifapy; kpfhJ. gha; Gyp> RL NrhW
3. ck;ikj;njhifapy; kpfhJ. jha;je;ij> ,uTgfy;
xd;W Kjy; MWtiuAs;s xd;W nra;> ,uz;L Gj;jfq;fs;> %d;W
4. ngl;bfs;
vz;Zg;ngau;fspd;gpd; kpfhJ.
5. vOtha;j; njhlupy; kpfhJ. jk;gp Ngh!> jq;if ghbdhs;.
6. nganur;rj;jpd; gpd; kpfhJ. ey;y ghk;G> Xba Fjpiu
7. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;wpd;gpd; kpfhJ. thopa nre;jkpo;!> mopf jPnahOf;fk;
‘fs;’ vd;Dk; ,Wjpepiyf;FKd; tho;j;Jfs;> vOj;Jfs;
8. Njhg;Gfs;
(td;njhlu;f;Fw;wpaYfuk;) kpfhJ.
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 www.nammakalvi.com

10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  23

epWj;jw;FwpaPL
tiffs; v.fh
fhw;Gs;sp (,) : nghUs;fis vz;Zk; epiy> tpsp>
tpidnar;rk;> Nkw;Nfhs; FwpfSf;FKd;> vdNt>  epyk;, ePu;, jP, fhw;W, thd; vd;gd
vdpDk;> MapDk;> Mjypd;> Mjyhy;> MfNt> Kjypa Ik;G+jq;fs;.
,izg;Gr; nrhw;fspd;gpd;> Kftupapy; ,Wjptup  kfNd, ehd; nrhy;tijf; Nfs;.
jtpu;j;Jg; gpw ,lq;fspy; fhw;Gs;sp ,lNtz;Lk;.
miug;Gs;sp (;) : xNu vOthapy; gy njhlu;fs;  rpyg;gjpfhuk;> nre;jkpo;f; fhg;gpak;; Kj;jkpo;f;
njhlu;e;J tUfpd;w ,lq;fspYk;> xNu vOtha;f;Fupa fhg;gpak; ; %Nte;jiuAk; ghLk; fhg;gpak;.
cld;ghl;Lf; fUj;Jk;> vjpu;kiwf; fUj;Jk; njhlu;e;J  ,sKUF vd;ghdplk; epiwa mwpTz;L;
tUfpd;w ,lq;fspYk; miug;Gs;sp ,l Ntz;Lk;. nghWik ,y;iy.
Kf;fhw; Gs;sp (:) : xUtu; $w;iw tpsf;Fjy;> rpW  kj;NjA> 8 : 6
jiyg;G> E}w;gFjp vz; Kjypad tptuq;fisg;  ngau; : fdpnkhop
gl;bay; Kiwapy; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whfj; jUk;NghJ
 Kf;fdp vd;gd tUkhW : kh, gyh, thio
Kf;fhw;Gs;sp ,lNtz;Lk;.
Kw;Wg; Gs;sp (.) : nrhw;nwhlu; ,Wjp> Kftup ,Wjp> ehs;  fe;jd; filf;Fr; nrd;whd;.
,Wjp> nrhw; FWf;fk;> ifnaOj;J Kjypa ,lq;fspy;  29.10.2019
Kw;Wg;Gs;sp ,lg;gLk;.  mz;zh efu;> ghyf;fiu> jpUr;rp-20.
tpdhf;Fwp (?) : xU tpdhj;njhlu; Kw;Wj;njhluhfTk;
 ,q;Nf ,Ug;gtu; ahu;?
Neu;f;$w;Wj; njhluhfTk; ,Ug;gpd;> ,Wjpapy;
 eP jUthah?
tpdhf;Fwp ,lNtz;Lk;.
czu;r;rpf; Fwp (!) : kfpo;r;rp> mr;rk;> tpag;G> mtyk;>  ntw;wp! ntw;wp!
me;Njh! tho;j;jy;> tuNtw;wy;> itjy; Mfpa  ghk;G! ghk;G!
czu;r;rpfis ntspg;gLj;Jk; njhlu;fspd; gpd;(!) ,f;Fwp
 tho;f! tho;f!
,ly;Ntz;Lk;.
xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp (‘ ’) : ,f;Fwp jw;Rl;bd;fz;Zk;
(Xu; vOj;NjDk; nrhy;NyDk; nrhw;nwhlNuDk;  ‘V’ vd;W nrhd;dhd;.
jd;idNa Fwpj;jy;)> gpwu; $w;whf tUk; ,lj;Jk;>  jpUts;Stu;> ‘jpUf;Fws;’ vd;Dk; E}iy
fl;Liug; ngaUk;> E}w;ngau; tUkplj;Jk; xw;iw ,aw;wpdhu;.
Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp tUk;.
,ul;il Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp (“ ”) : nghd;nkhopfisf;  ,uhkd;> “ehis tUfpNwd;” vd;W
Fwpg;gpLk; ,lj;Jk;> Neu;f;$w;Wj; njhlupYk; ,ul;il $wpr; nrd;whd;.
Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp ,lNtz;Lk;.  “mwk; nra tpUk;G” vd;whu; xsitahu;.

,Jtiu jug;gl;l Fwpg;Gfis ed;F Gupe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. kdjpy;

epiyepWj;Jq;fs;. Nju;tpy; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;. E}W kjpg;ngz;fs; fdT fz; Kd;Nd
edthtijf; fhz;guP ;fs;.
,JNt ntw;wpf;F top
tho;j;Jfs;!!!

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 www.nammakalvi.com

24  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

E}yf cWg;gpdH gbtk;
___________________ khtl;l E}yf Mizf;FO
ika / fpis / CHg;Gw E}yfk; ___________________
cWg;gpdH NrHf;if ml;il

ml;il vz; : cWg;gpdH vz;

1. ngaH :
2. je;ij ngaH :
3. gpwe;j ehs; :
4. taJ :
5. gbg;G :
6. njhiyNgrp vz; :
7. Kftup :
(mQ;ry; FwpaPl;L vz;Zld;) :

ehd; _______________ E}yfj;jpy; cWg;gpduhfg; gjpT nra;a ,j;Jld; fhg;Gj;njhif & _____
re;jh njhif & _____ Mf nkhj;jk; & _____ nuhf;fkhfr; nrYj;JfpNwd;. E}yf eilKiw
kw;Wk; tpjpfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLfpNwd; vd cWjpaspf;fpNwd;.

,lk; :
ehs; : jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s

jpU / jpUkjp / nry;tp / nry;td; __________ mtHfis vdf;F njupAk; vd rhd;W

mspf;fpNwd;.

gpizg;ghsH ifnahg;gk;
(gjtp kw;Wk; mYtyfk;)

mYtyf Kj;jpiu (khepy / ika muR mjpfhupfs;> fy;Y}up Kjy;tHfs;>

NguhrpupaHfs;> caH / Nky;epiyg;gs;sp jiyik
MrpupaHfs;> rl;lkd;w / ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs;>
efuhl;rp / khefuhl;rp / xd;wpa / Ng&uhl;rp cWg;gpdHfs;)

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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  25

Nky;epiy tFg;G – Nru;f;if tpz;zg;gk;

Nru;f;if vz; : Njjp : tFg;Gk; gpupTk; :

1. khzthpd; ngau; :
2. gpwe;j Njjp :
3. Njrpa ,dk; :
4. ngw;Nwhu; / ghJfhtyu; ngau; :
5. tPl;L Kftup :

6. ,Wjpahfg; gbj;J Kbj;j tFg;G :

7. gapd;w nkhop :
8. ,Wjpahfg; gbj;j gs;spapd; Kftup :
9. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; ngw;w kjpg;ngz;fs;:

Nju;tpd; ngau; gjpTvz; - Mz;L ghlk; kjpg;ngz;fs;(100)

jkpo;
Mq;fpyk;
fzpjk;
mwptpay;
r%f mwptpay;
nkhj;jk;

10. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh? :

11. jha;nkhop :
12. Nru tpUk;Gk; ghlg;gpupTk; gapw;W nkhopAk; :

khzthpd;; ifnaOj;J

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26  ntw;wpf;F top mikg;Nghk; - Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;

jkpo;ehL tpisahl;L Nkk;ghl;L Mizaj;jpd; cWg;gpdH NrHf; if tpz;zg;gg; gbtk;
1. khztupd; ngaH :

2. ghypdk; :

3. gpwe;j ehs; :

4. Njrpa ,dk; :

5. ,uj;j tif :

6. cauk; kw;Wk; vil :

7. ngw;NwhH / ghJfhtyH ngaH :

8. tPl;L Kftup :

9. njhiyNgrp / miyNgrp vz; :

10. ,Wjpahfg; gbj;J Kbj;j tFg;G :

11. gs;sapd; Kftup :

12. NrutpUk;Gk; tpisahl;L :

NrHf;if vz; : khztupd; ifnaOj;J

,lk; :

ehs; :

ngw;NwhH / ghJfhtyupd; ifnaOj;J

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10Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; / TAMIL  27

gzp tha;g;G Ntz;b jd;tptug; gl;bay; epug;Gjy;

1. ngaH :

2. ghypdk; :

3. gpwe;j ehs; kw;Wk; taJ :

4. Njrpa ,dk; :

5. ngw;NwhH / ghJfhtyH ngaH :

6. tPl;L Kftup :

7. njhiyNgrp / miyNgrp vz; :

8. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; ngw;w kjpg;ngz; :

9. jha;nkhop :

10. gapd;w nkhopfs; :

11. jl;lr;R :

12. fzpdp :

Nkw;fz;l tpguq;fs; midj;Jk; cz;iknad cWjp $WfpNwd;. jq;fs; epWtdj;jpy;

___________ gzpapidj; je;jhy; vd; gzpiar; rpwg;ghfTk; cz;ikahfTk; nra;Ntd; vd
cWjpaspf;fpNwd;.

,g;gbf;F>
jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s

,lk; :

ehs; :

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