CSIR NET MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE JUNE 2024

(IFAS SOLVED PAPER)

PART A

1. On a one-way road, to demarcate 4 lanes, line segments of 3.5 m length are painted with gaps of
3.5 m along the length of the road. What is the total length of the painted lines (in m) over a 350 m
stretch of the road?
1. 300
2. 400
3. 525
4. 700

2. The graph shows the growth curves for three independent populations (A, B, and C). The growth
model for each of these populations is
𝑁(𝑡) = 𝑁0 𝑒 𝑟𝑡
where 𝑁(𝑡) is the population at time 𝑡, 𝑁0 is the initial population and 𝑟 is the per capita growth rate.

If 𝑟𝐴 , 𝑟𝐵 , 𝑟𝐶 are the intrinsic growth rates of populations A, B, and C respectively, which of these
statements is true?
1. 𝑟𝐴 = 𝑟𝐵 = 𝑟𝐶
2. 𝑟𝐴 > 𝑟𝐵 = 𝑟𝐶
3. 𝑟𝐴 = 𝑟𝐵 > 𝑟𝐶
4. 𝑟𝐴 > 𝑟𝐵 > 𝑟𝐶

3. In a class of 30 students, those with roll numbers 1 to 20 secure an average of 72% marks, while
those with roll numbers 11 to 30 secure an average of 75% marks. If the average marks of the entire
class are 70%, what is the average marks of roll numbers 11 to 20 (in percent)?
1. 68
2. 74
3. 78
4. 84

4. A ring is rolling along a straight track as shown. The topmost point of the ring is marked.
Which of the diagrams shows a possible position of the ring at a later time, relative to the original
position (shown by dashed circle)?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

5. Among finches males and females have one of the three colours - Red, Blue or Yellow - on their
head. During the mating season, males and females pair up randomly. For a large population of finches
with 50% red, 30% blue and 20% yellow coloured individuals among both males and females, what is
the expected number of pairings between red males and yellow females if the total number of pairs
formed is 10000?
1. 2500
2. 1500
3. 1000
4. 600

6. In a district, every second teacher who teaches chemistry also teaches physics and every third
teacher who teaches physics also teaches chemistry. The ratio of teachers who only teach chemistry
to those who only teach physics is
1. 3:2
2. 1:2
3. 2:3
4. 2:1

7. The son was born when his mother was 28 years old. The father is older to the mother by 4 years.
If the current ages of the father and mother are in the ratio 9:8, what is the current age (in years) of
the son?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
8. By selling two items at the same price, a person gains 20% on one item and loses 20% on the other.
Then over all
1. he neither loses nor gains.
2. he loses 5%.
3. he loses 4%.
4. he gains 4%.

9. An experiment consists of tossing four fair coins independently. The outcome of the experiment is
considered favourable, if the number of heads is greater than the number of tails. The probability of
a favourable outcome from a single experiment is
1
1. 2
3
2. 16
5
3. 16
3
4. 4

10. Rajesh went to Sunil's house situated 1km North-East of his house. From there, he went to Arjun's
house that is situated 707 m South of Sunil's house. What is the distance between Rajesh's current
location and his house (to the nearest metre)?
1. 800 m
2. 600 m
3. 707 m
4. 1000 m

11. The diagrams show the distribution of trees in two forest patches A and B. Each patch is divided
into smaller "quadrats". The number of trees in each quadrat is shown. Which one of the following
statements about the means (𝜇) and standard deviations (𝜎) of the numbers of trees in the two
patches is true?

1. 𝜇(𝐴) = 𝜇(𝐵), 𝜎(𝐴) = 𝜎(𝐵)

2. 𝜇(𝐴) > 𝜇(𝐵), 𝜎(𝐴) > 𝜎(𝐵)
3. 𝜇(𝐴) = 𝜇(𝐵), 𝜎(𝐴) < 𝜎(𝐵)
4. 𝜇(𝐴) < 𝜇(𝐵), 𝜎(𝐴) < 𝜎(𝐵)

12. A cylindrical container has a tiny hole at the bottom. The container is initially filled to its brim with
water. If 𝑇 is the time taken for it to be completely emptied, the graph of height of the water column
as a function of time is closest to
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

13. What would be the minimum number of notes for Rs 4849 if notes are available only in
denominations of Rs 2, 5, 20, 50, 500?
1. 19
2. 20
3. 21
4. 22

14. An athlete running on a track falls short of the finish line by 10 m when she runs at a constant
speed for a given time. If she increases her speed by 20%, she overshoots by 20 m in the same time.
What is the length of the track?
1. 134 m
2. 156 m
3. 160 m
4. 164 m

15. The length of bristle mouth fish is uniformly distributed between 2 and 4 inches. If a fisherman
randomly catches 5 bristle mouth fishes, what is the probability that at least one of them will be 3
inches or longer?
1. 0.03125
2. 0.15625
3. 0.84375
4. 0.96875

16. Out of a class of 100 students who can speak at least one of English or Hindi, 41 students can speak
English. 21 students can speak both English and Hindi. How many students can speak Hindi?
1. 58
2. 80
3. 59
4. 38
17. In a class, among the boys B is taller than 10 boys, but shorter than 13 others. Among girls, G is
taller than 6 girls, but shorter than 8 others. Two boys and three girls are shorter than B, but taller
than G. If no two persons have the same height, then in the entire class, B is
1. taller than 21, but shorter than 18 others
2. taller than 20, but shorter than 18 others
3. taller than 20, but shorter than 19 others
4. taller than 19, but shorter than 19 others

18. A group of 540 persons is to be seated row wise such that the number of persons in each row is 4
less than in the previous row. Which of the following number of rows is not possible?
1. 5
2. 6
3. 8
4. 9

19. The hypotenuse of a right triangle, whose sides are integers, is 17 cm. Its area in [Link] is
1. not calculable due to insufficient data
2. 60
3. 68
4. 225

20. Choose the best alternative:

CURRY is to SPICE as _________ is to COLOUR.
1. CANVAS
2. PAINTING
3. BRUSH
4. BRIGHTNESS

PART B

1. Consider the initial value problem (IVP)

𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = √|𝑦(𝑥) + 𝜖|, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
{
𝑦(0) = 𝑦0
Consider the following statements:
S1: There is an 𝜖 > 0 such that for all 𝑦0 ∈ ℝ, the IVP has more than one solution.
S2: There is a 𝑦0 ∈ ℝ such that for all 𝜖 > 0, the IVP has more than one solution.
Then
1. both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are true
2. 𝑆1 is true but 𝑆2 is false
3. 𝑆1 is false but 𝑆2 is true
4. both S, and 𝑆2 are false

2. Consider a petrol pump which has a single petrol dispensing unit. Customers arrive there in
accordance with a Poisson process having rate 𝜆 = 1 minutes. An arriving customer enters the petrol
pump only if there are two or less customers in the petrol pump, otherwise he/she leaves the petrol
pump without taking the petrol (at any point of time a maximum of three customers are present in
the petrol pump). Successive service times of the petrol dispensing unit are independent exponential
1
random variables having mean 2 minutes. Let 𝑋 denote the average number of customers in the petrol
pump in the long run. Then 𝐸(𝑋) is equal to
1. 7/15
2. 3/5
3. 11/15
4. 13/15

3. Let A be a 10 × 10 real matrix. Assume that the rank of 𝐴 is 7. Which of the following statements is
necessarily true?
1. There exists a vector 𝑣 ∈ ℝ10 such that 𝐴𝑣 ≠ 0 and 𝐴2 𝑣 = 0
2. There exists a vector 𝑣 ∈ ℝ10 such that 𝐴2 𝑣 ≠ 0
3. A must have a non-zero eigenvalue
4. 𝐴7 = 0

4. Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋10 be a random sample from a distribution with the probability density function
𝜃𝑥 𝜃−1 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥|𝜃) = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
where 𝜃 > 0 is an unknown parameter. The prior distribution of 𝜃 is given by
𝜃𝑒 −𝜃 , 𝑖𝑓 𝜃 > 0
𝜋(𝜃) = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
The Bayes estimator of 𝜃 under squared error loss is
12
1.
1−∑10
𝑖=1 ln 𝑋𝑖
11
2.
2−∑10
𝑖=1 ln 𝑋𝑖
3+∑10
𝑖=1 ln 𝑋𝑖
3. 13
2+∑10
𝑖=1 ln 𝑋𝑖
4. 111

5. Consider a solid circular cylinder of radius 2 meters and height 3 meters of uniform density. If the
density of the cylinder is 𝜌 kg/meter3, then the moment of inertia (in kg meter2) of the cylinder about
a diameter of its base is
1. 48𝜋𝜌
2. 43𝜋𝜌
3. 24𝜋𝜌
4. 4𝜋𝜌

6. The expected number of distinct units in a simple random sample of 3 units drawn with replacement
from a population of 100 units is
99 3
1. 3 − (100)
993
2. 100 − 1002
992
3. 2 + 1003
 99 2
4. 3 − ( )
100

7. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 be a random sample from 𝑁(0, 𝜎 2 ) distribution, where 𝜎 > 0 and 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) denotes a
normal distribution with mean 𝜇 and variance 𝜎 2 . Suppose, for some constant, 𝑐, (𝑐(𝑋12 + 𝑋22 ), ∞) is
a confidence interval for variance 𝜎 2 with confidence coefficient 0.95. Then the value of 𝑐 is equal to
1.−2 ln(0.05)
2. −2 ln(0.95)
1
3. −
−2 ln(0.05)
1
4. − −2 ln(0.95)

8. Let denote the solution to the boundary value problem (BVP)

𝑦
(𝑥𝑦 ′ )′ − 2𝑦 ′ + = 1, 1 < 𝑥 < 𝑒4
{ 𝑥
𝑦(1) = 0, 𝑦(𝑒 4 ) = 4𝑒 4
Then the value of 𝜑(𝑒) is
𝑒
1. −
2
𝑒
2. − 3
𝑒
3.
3
4. 𝑒

9. Let 𝐵(0, 1) = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 |𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 < 1} be the open unit disc in ℝ2 , 𝜕𝐵(0,1) denote the boundary
of 𝐵(0,1), and 𝑣 denote unit outward normal to 𝜕𝐵(0,1). Let 𝑓 ∶ ℝ2 → ℝ be a given continuous
1
function. The Euler-Lagrange equation of the minimization problem min {2 ∬𝐵(0,1)|∇𝑢|2 + 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 +
1 2
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅)is
∬
2 𝐵(0,1)
𝑒𝑢 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 + ∫𝜕𝐵(0,1) 𝑓𝑢𝑑𝑠} subject to 𝑢 ∈ 𝐶 1 (𝐵(0,1)
2
∆𝑢 = −𝑢𝑒 𝑢 𝑖𝑛 𝐵(0,1)
1. { 𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑣
=𝑓 𝑜𝑛 𝜕𝐵(0,1)
2
∆𝑢 = 𝑢𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑓 𝑖𝑛 𝐵(0,1)
2. {
𝑢=0 𝑜𝑛 𝜕𝐵(0,1)
2
∆𝑢 = 𝑢𝑒 𝑢 𝑖𝑛 𝐵(0,1)
3. { 𝜕𝑢
= −𝑓 𝑜𝑛 𝜕𝐵(0,1)
𝜕𝑣
𝑢2
∆𝑢 = 𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐵(0,1)
4. {𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑣
+𝑢 =𝑓 𝑜𝑛 𝜕𝐵(0,1)

10. Let 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 be events satisfying 0 < 𝑃(𝐴𝑖 ) < 1 for 𝑖 = 1,2,3. Which of the following statements
is true?
1. 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐴2 )𝑃(𝐴2 |𝐴3 ) ≤ 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐴3 )
2. 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐴2 )𝑃(𝐴3 |𝐴2 ) ≥ 𝑃(𝐴1 ∩ 𝐴3 |𝐴2 )
3. 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐴2 ) + 𝑃(𝐴3 |𝐴2 ) ≥ 𝑃(𝐴1 ∪ 𝐴3 |𝐴2 )
4. 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐴2 ) + 𝑃(𝐴2 |𝐴3 ) ≤ 𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐴3 )
11. An analyst considers standardized values of observations on three variables, consumption (𝐶),
saving (𝑆) and total income (𝑇𝐼) so that they have zero means and unit variances. She further
considers disposable income (𝐷𝐼) where 𝐷𝐼 = 𝐶 + 𝑆. In the simple linear regressions of 𝐷𝐼 on 𝑇𝐼, 𝐷𝐼
on 𝐶 and 𝑆 on 𝑇𝐼, the regression coefficients are 0.8, 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. There are 21 sample
observations. Sample covariances and variances are calculated with divisor 20. Then, the value of sum
of squared residuals in the regression of 𝐷𝐼 on 𝑆 is
1. 5
2. 10
3. 15
4. 20

12. Let (𝑎𝑛 )𝑛≥1 be a bounded sequence in R. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. if lim inf 𝑎𝑛 = lim sup 𝑎𝑛 then (𝑎𝑛 ) is convergent
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
2. if inf{𝑎𝑛 |𝑛 ≥ 1} = lim sup 𝑎𝑛 then (𝑎𝑛 ) is convergent
𝑛→∞
3. if sup{𝑎𝑛 |𝑛 ≥ 1} = lim inf 𝑎𝑛 then (𝑎𝑛 ) is constant
𝑛→∞
4. if sup{𝑎𝑛 |𝑛 ≥ 1} = inf{𝑎𝑛 |𝑛 ≥ 1}, then (𝑎𝑛 ) is constant

13. Let a point 𝑃 be chosen at random on the line segment 𝐴𝐵 of length 𝛼. Let 𝑍1 and 𝑍2 denote the
lengths of line segments 𝐴𝑃 and 𝐵𝑃 respectively. Then the value of 𝐸(|𝑍1 − 𝑍2 |) is
1. 𝛼
2. 2𝛼
𝛼
3. 2
2𝛼
4. 3

14. Let 𝑋 be a random variable with cumulative distribution function given by

0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
𝑥+1
𝐹(𝑥) = { , 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
3
1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 1
1 3
Then the value of 𝑃 (3 < 𝑋 < 4) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) is equal to
7
1.
36
11
2.
36
13
3. 36
17
4. 36

15. Consider the ring 𝑅 = {∑𝑛∈ℤ 𝑎𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 |𝑎𝑛 ∈ ℤ; and 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0 only for finitely many 𝑛 ∈ ℤ} where
addition and multiplication are given by ∑𝑛∈ℤ 𝑎𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 + ∑𝑛∈ℤ 𝑏𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 = ∑𝑛∈ℤ(𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏𝑛 ) 𝑋 𝑛
(∑𝑛∈ℤ 𝑎𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 ) (∑𝑚∈ℤ 𝑏𝑚 𝑋 𝑚 ) = ∑𝑘∈ℤ(∑𝑛+𝑚=𝑘 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑚 ) 𝑋 𝑘 . Which of the following statements is true?
1. 𝑅 is not commutative
2. The ideal (𝑋 − 1) is a maximal ideal in 𝑅
3. The ideal (𝑋 − 1,2) is a prime ideal in 𝑅
4. The ideal (𝑋, 5) is a maximal ideal in 𝑅
16. Let 𝑎, 𝑏 be two real numbers such that 𝑎 < 0 < 𝑏. For a positive real number 𝑟, define 𝛾𝑟 (𝑡) =
1 𝑧 2 +1
𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑡 (where 𝑡 ∈ [0, 2𝜋]) and 𝐼𝑟 = 2𝜋𝑖 ∫𝛾 (𝑧−𝑎)(𝑧−𝑏)
𝑑𝑧. Which of the following statements is
𝑟

necessarily true?
1. 𝐼𝑟 ≠ 0 if 𝑟 > max{|𝑎|, 𝑏}
2. 𝐼𝑟 ≠ 0 if 𝑟 < max{|𝑎|, 𝑏}
3. 𝐼𝑟 = 0 if 𝑟 > max{|𝑎|, 𝑏} and |𝑎| = 𝑏
4. 𝐼𝑟 = 0 if |𝑎| < 𝑟 < 𝑏

17. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 be a random sample from a population having probability density function 𝑓 ∈ {𝑓0 , 𝑓1 }
1 1
𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
where 𝑓0 (𝑥) = { 2 and 𝑓1 (𝑥) = { 4 . For testing the null hypothesis 𝐻0 ∶
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑓 = 𝑓0 against the alternate hypothesis 𝐻1 ∶ 𝑓 = 𝑓1, the power of a most powerful test of size 𝛼 =
0.05 is equal to
1. 0.4625
2. 0.5425
3. 0.7625
4. 0.6225

𝑒 2𝑖𝜃 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜃 ∈ [0, 𝜋/2]

18. Consider the contour 𝛾 given by 𝛾(𝜃) = {1 + 2𝑒 2𝑖𝜃 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜃 ∈ [𝜋/2, 3𝜋/2]. Then what is the
𝑒 2𝑖𝜃 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜃 ∈ [3𝜋/2, 2𝜋]
𝑑𝑧
value of ∫𝛾 𝑧(𝑧−2) ?
1. 0
2. 𝜋𝑖
3. −𝜋𝑖
4. 2𝜋𝑖

19. Let 𝑆 be a dense subset of ℝ and 𝑓 ∶ ℝ → ℝ a given function. Define 𝑔 ∶ 𝑆 → ℝ by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥).
Which of the following statements is necessarily true?
1. If 𝑓 is continuous on the set 𝑆, then 𝑓 is continuous on the set ℝ\𝑆
2. If 𝑔 is continuous, then 𝑓 is continuous on the set 𝑆
3. If 𝑔 is identically 0 and 𝑓 is continuous on the set ℝ\𝑆, then 𝑓 is identically 0
4. If 𝑔 is identically 0 and 𝑓 is continuous on the set 𝑆, then 𝑓 is identically 0

𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥((𝑥) + 1), 𝑥∈ℝ

20. If the value of the approximate solution of the initial value problem {
𝑦(0) = 𝛽
at 𝑥 = 0.2 using the forward Euler method with step size 0.1 is 1.02, then the value of 𝛽 is
1. 0
2.-1
3. 2
4. 1
 2 𝑎
21. Let ( ) be a 2 × 2 real matrix for which 6 is an eigenvalue. Which of the following statements
𝑏 𝑐
is necessarily true?
1. 24 − 𝑎𝑏 = 4𝑐
2. 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 8
3. 𝑐 = 6
4. 𝑎𝑏 = 0

22. For a complex number 𝑎 such that 0 < |𝑎| < 1, which of the following statements is true?
1. If |𝑧| < 1, then |1 − 𝑎̅𝑧| < |𝑧 − 𝑎|
2. If |𝑧 − 𝑎| = |1 − 𝑎̅𝑧|, then |𝑧| = 1
3. If |𝑧| = 1, then |𝑧 − 𝑎| < |1 − 𝑎̅𝑧|
4. If |1 − 𝑎̅𝑧| < |𝑧 − 𝑎|, then |𝑧| < 1

23. Let 𝑉 be the real vector space of 2 × 2 matrices with entries in ℝ. Let 𝑇 ∶ 𝑉 → 𝑉 denote the linear
2 0
transformation defined by 𝑇(𝐵) = 𝐴𝐵 for all 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉, where 𝐴 = ( ). What is the characteristic
0 1
polynomial of 𝑇?
1. (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)
2. 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)
3. (𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 − 1)2
4. (𝑥 2 − 2)(𝑥 2 − 1)

24. Let 𝐴 ∶ ℝ𝑚 → ℝ𝑛 be a non-zero linear transformation. Which of the following statements is true?
1. If 𝐴 is one-to-one but not onto, then 𝑚 > 𝑛
2. If 𝐴 is onto but not one-to-one, then 𝑚 < 𝑛
3. If 𝐴 is bijective, then 𝑚 = 𝑛
4. If 𝐴 is one-to-one, then 𝑚 = 𝑛

1−𝜃
2
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
1
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1
25. Consider a distribution with probability mass function 𝑓(𝑥|𝜃) = 2 , where 𝜃 ∈
𝜃
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2
2
{ 0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(0, 1) is an unknown parameter. In a random sample of size 100 from the above distribution, the
observed counts of 0, 1 and 2 are 20, 30 and 50 respectively. Then, the maximum likelihood estimate
of 𝜃 based on the observed data is
1. 1
2. 5/7
3. 1/2
4. 2/7

26. Let 𝑢 = 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) be the solution of the following initial value problem
𝑢 + 2024𝑢𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑡 > 0
{ 𝑡 where 𝑢0 ∶ ℝ → ℝ is an arbitrary 𝐶 1 function. Consider the
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑢0 (𝑥), 𝑥∈ℝ
following statements:
𝑆1 : If 𝐴𝑡 ≔ {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) < 1} and |𝐴𝑡 | denotes the Lebesgue measure of 𝐴𝑡 for every 𝑡 ≥ 0, then
|𝐴𝑡 | = |𝐴0 |, ∀> 0.
𝑆2 : If 𝑢0 is Lebesgue integrable, then for every 𝑡 > 0, the function 𝑥 ↦ 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) is Lebesgue integrable.
Then
1. both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are true
2. 𝑆1 is true but 𝑆2 is false
3. 𝑆2 is true but 𝑆1 is false
4. both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are false

27. Consider the set 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ ℚ ∶ 0 < (√2 − 1)𝑥 < √2 + 1} as a subset of ℝ. Which of the following
statements is true?
1. sup 𝐴 = 2 + 2√3
2. sup 𝐴 = 3 + 2√2
3. inf 𝐴 = 2 + 2√3
4. inf 𝐴 = 3 + 2√2

1−𝑥 4
28. Let 𝑆 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 > 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1−𝑥3 > 22}. Which of the following is true about 𝑆?
1. 𝑆 is empty.
2. There is a bijection between 𝑆 and ℕ
3. There is a bijection between 𝑆 and ℝ
4. There is a bijection between 𝑆 and a non-empty finite set

29. Let {𝑋𝑛 |𝑛 ≥ 0} be a homogeneous Markov chain with state space 𝑆 = {0,1,2,3,4} and transition
probability matrix

Let 𝛼 denote the probability that starting with state 4 the chain will eventually get absorbed in closed
class {0, 3}. Then the value of 𝛼 is
6
1. 21
11
2. 21
8
3. 21
10
4. 21

30. Let 𝑋0 , 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑝 (𝑝 ≥ 2) be independent and identically distributed random variables with mean
0 and variance 1. Suppose 𝑌𝑖 = 𝑋0 + 𝑋𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑝. The first principal component based on the
𝑇
covariance matrix of 𝑌 = (𝑌1 , … , 𝑌𝑝 ) is
1
1. ∑𝑝 𝑌𝑖
√𝑝 𝑖=1
1 𝑝
2. 𝑝 ∑𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖
 𝑝
3. √𝑝 ∑𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖
𝑝
4. ∑𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖

𝑡 1
31. Let 𝑢 be the solution of the Volterra integral equation ∫0 [2 + sin(𝑡 − 𝜏)] 𝑢(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = sin 𝑡. Then the
value of 𝑢(1) is
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 2𝑒 −1

32. What is the cardinality of the set of real solutions of 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 1?

1. 0
2. 1
3. Countably infinite
4. Uncountable

33. Let 𝑓 be an entire function. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

1. If 𝑅𝑒(𝑓), 𝐼𝑚(𝑓) are bounded then 𝑓 is constant
2. If 𝑒 |𝑅𝑒(𝑓)|+|𝐼𝑚(𝑓)| is bounded, then 𝑓 is constant
3. If the sum 𝑅𝑒(𝑓) + 𝐼𝑚(𝑓) and the product 𝑅𝑒(𝑓)𝐼𝑚(𝑓) are bounded, then 𝑓 is constant
4. If sin(𝑅𝑒(𝑓) + 𝐼𝑚(𝑓)) is bounded, then 𝑓 is constant

34. 𝑢 = 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)
If is the solution of the initial value problem
𝑢𝑡 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑡 > 0 2
{ satisfying |𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)| < 3𝑒 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and 𝑡 > 0, then
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑜) = sin(4𝑥) + 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥∈ℝ
𝜋 𝜋
1. 𝑢 ( 8 , 1) + 𝑢 (− 8 , 1) = 2
𝜋 𝜋
2. 𝑢 ( 8 , 1) = 𝑢 (− 8 , 1)
𝜋 𝜋
3. 𝑢 ( 8 , 1) + 2𝑢 (− 8 , 1) = 2
𝜋 𝜋
4. 𝑢 ( 8 , 1) = −𝑢 (− 8 , 1)

35. For a quadratic form 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ[𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧], we say that (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ ℝ3 is a zero of 𝑓 if 𝑓(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) =
0. Which of the following quadratic forms has at least one zero different from (0,0,0)?
1. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑧 2
2. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
3. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧
4. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 3𝑧 2

36. The number of group homomorphisms from ℤ/150ℤ to ℤ/90ℤ is

1. 30
2. 60
3. 45
4. 10
 0 1 0 0
37. Let 𝐴 = (1 0 0 0), and consider the symmetric bilinear form on ℝ4 given by 〈𝑣, 𝑤〉 =
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1
𝑣 𝑡 𝐴𝑤, for 𝑣, 𝑤 ∈ ℝ4 . Which of the following statements is true?
1. 𝐴 is invertible
2. There exist non-zero vectors 𝑣, 𝑤 such that 〈𝑣, 𝑤〉 = 0
3. 〈𝑢, 𝑣〉 ≠ 〈𝑢, 𝑤〉 for all non-zero vectors 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 with 𝑣 ≠ 𝑤
4. Every eigenvalue of 𝐴2 is positive

38. How many arrangements of the digits of the number 1234567 are there, such that exactly three
of them occur in their original position. (E.g., in the arrangement 5214763, exactly the digits 2,4 and 6
are in their original positions. In the arrangement 1243576, exactly the digits 1, 2 and 5 are in their
original positions.)
1. 525
2. 35
3. 840
4. 315

𝑥2
39. For each 𝑛 ≥ 1 define 𝑓𝑛 : ℝ → ℝ by 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = 1
, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ where √ denotes the non-negative
√𝑥 2 +
𝑛

square root. Wherever lim 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) exists, denote it by 𝑓(𝑥). Which of the following statements is true?
𝑛→∞
1. There exists 𝑥 ∈ ℝ such that 𝑓(𝑥) is not defined
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

40. Let 𝐶 be the collection of all sets S such that the power set of 𝑆 is countably infinite. Which of the
following statements is true?
1. There exists a non-empty finite set in 𝐶
2. There exists a countably infinite set in 𝐶
3. There exists an uncountable set in 𝐶
4. 𝐶 is empty

PART C

1. Consider the boundary value problem (BVP) (𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑦 ′ )′ + 6𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥), 0 < 𝑥 < ln 2, 𝑦(0) =
(𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 2𝑥 )(𝐶𝑒 2𝜉 + 𝐷𝑒 3𝜉 ), 0 ≤ 𝜉 ≤ 𝑥,
0, 𝑦(ln 2) = 0. If 𝐺(𝑥, 𝜉) = { 3𝜉 (Green's function) is such
(𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 2𝜉 )(𝐶𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐷𝑒 3𝑥 ), 𝑥 ≤ 𝜉 ≤ ln 2 ,
ln 2
that ∫0 𝐺(𝑥, 𝜉) 𝑓(𝜉)𝑑𝜉2 is the solution of the BVP, then the values of B, C and D are
1. 𝐵 = −2, 𝐶 = −1, 𝐷 = 1
2. 𝐵 = −2, 𝐶 = 1, 𝐷 = −1
3. 𝐵 = 2, 𝐶 = 1, 𝐷 = 1
4. 𝐵 = 2, 𝐶 = −1, 𝐷 = −1
2. In a standard linear regression model, let 𝑅 2 and 𝑅̅ 2, respectively, denote the coefficient of
determination and adjusted coefficient of determination. Which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑅̅ 2 < 𝑅 2
2. 𝑅 2 increases as the number of independent variables increase
3. 𝑅̅ 2 decreases as the number of independent variables increase
4. 𝑅̅ 2 > 0

3. Let 𝑓 be an entire function such that for every integer 𝑘 ≥ 1 there is an infinite set 𝑋𝑘 , such that
1
𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑘 for all 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋𝑘 . Which of the following statements are necessarily true?
1. There exists an infinite set 𝑋 such that 𝑓(𝑧) = 0 for all 𝑧 ∈ 𝐾
2. There exists a non-empty closed set 𝑋 such that 𝑓(𝑧) = 0 for all 𝑧 ∈ 𝐾
3. The set 𝑋𝑘 is unbounded for each 𝑘 ≥ 1
4. If there exists a bounded sequence (𝑧𝑘 )𝑘≥1 such that 𝑧𝑘 ∈ 𝑋𝑘 for each 𝑘 ≥ 1, then 𝑓 has a zero

4. Let 𝑞1 (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) and 𝑞2 (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) be real quadratic forms such that there exist (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ), (𝑣1 𝑣2 ) ∈ ℝ2
such that 𝑞1 (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ) = 1 = 𝑞2 (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ). Define 𝑞(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) = 𝑞1 (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) − 𝑞2 (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ). Which of
the following statements are necessarily true?
1. 𝑞 is a quadratic form in 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 , 𝑦2
2. There exists (𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ) ∈ ℝ2 such that 𝑞1 (𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ) = 5
3. There does not exist (𝑠1 , 𝑠2 ) ∈ ℝ2 such that 𝑞2 (𝑠1 , 𝑠2 ) = −5
4. Given 𝛼 ∈ ℝ, there exists a vector 𝑤 ∈ ℝ4 such that 𝑞(𝑤) = 𝛼

5. Let 𝑓 ∶ ℝ2 → ℝ3 be a differentiable function such that (𝐷𝑓)(0, 0) has rank 2. Write 𝑓 = (𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 ).
Which of the following statements are necessarily true?
1. 𝑓 is injective in a neighbourhood of (0,0)
2. There exists an open neighbourhood 𝑈 of (0,0) in ℝ2 such that 𝑓3 is a function of 𝑓1 and 𝑓2
3. 𝑓 maps an open neighbourhood of (0,0) in ℝ2 onto an open subset of ℝ3
4. (0,0) is an isolated point of 𝑓 −1 ({𝑓(0, 0)})

1
6. For 𝑐 ∈ ℝ, consider the following Fredholm integral equation 𝑦(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 2 ∫0 (1 −
3𝑥𝑡) 𝑦(𝑡)𝑑𝑡. Then the values of c for which the integral equation admits a solution are
1. -8
2. -6
3. 2
4. 6

7. Consider the real vector space 𝑉 = ℝ[𝑥] equipped with an inner product. Let W be the subspace of
𝑉 consisting of polynomials of degree at most 2. Let 𝑊 ⊥ denote the orthogonal complement of 𝑊 in
𝑉. Which of the following statements are true?
1. There exists a polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝑊 such that 𝑥 4 − 𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝑊 ⊥
2. 𝑊 ⊥ = {0}
3. 𝑊 and 𝑊 ⊥ have the same dimension over ℝ
4. 𝑊 ⊥ is an infinite dimensional vector space over ℝ
8. Consider a solid torus of constant density 𝜌, formed by revolving the disc (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 + 𝑧 2 ≤ 𝑎2 , 𝑥 =
0 about the 𝑧-axis, where 0 < 𝑎 < 𝑏. Then the moment of inertia of the solid torus about the 𝑧-axis
is
1. 2𝜋 2 𝑎2 𝑏2 (4𝑏2 + 3𝑎2 )𝜌
𝜋2 2
2. 𝑎 𝑏(4𝑏 2 + 3𝑎2 )𝜌
2
𝜋2
3. 2 𝑎2 𝑏(4𝑎2 + 3𝑏 2 )𝜌
2 2 2 (4𝑎2 2 )𝜌
4. 2𝜋 𝑎 𝑏 + 3𝑏

9. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 be a random sample from a continuous distribution having cumulative distribution

𝑓(𝑡)
function 𝐹(𝑡), probability density function 𝑓(𝑡), and failure rate function 𝑟(𝑡) = 1−𝐹(𝑡) , 𝑡 > 0, where
𝐹(0) = 0. If 𝑟(𝑡) = 1 for all 𝑡 > 0, then which of the following statements are true?
1
1. 𝑃(max{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 } < 1) =
2𝑒
1
2. 𝑃(max{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 } > 1) = 2𝑒
2
3. 𝑃(min{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 } < 𝑋3 ) =
3
1
4. 𝑃(min{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 } < 𝑋3 ) =
3

10. Let 𝐾 ⊆ ℝ be non-empty and 𝑓 ∶ 𝐾 → 𝐾 be continuous such that |𝑥 − 𝑦| ≤ |𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑦)| ∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈
𝐾. Which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑓 need not be surjective
2. 𝑓 must be surjective if 𝐾 = [0,1]
3. 𝑓 is injective and 𝑓 −1 : 𝑓(𝐾) → 𝐾 is continuous
4. 𝑓 is injective, but 𝑓 −1 : 𝑓(𝐾) → 𝐾 need not be continuous

11. Let 𝑉(≠ {0}) be a finite dimensional vector space over ℝ and 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑉 be a linear operator.
Suppose that the kernel of 𝑇 equals the image of 𝑇. Which of the following statements are necessarily
true?
1. The dimension of 𝑉 is even
2. The trace of 𝑇 is zero
3. The minimal polynomial of 𝑇 cannot have two distinct roots
4. The minimal polynomial of 𝑇 is equal to its characteristic polynomial

12. Consider a six faced die whose 𝑖-th face is marked with 𝑖 dots, 𝑖 = 1, 2, … ,6. In a single random
throw of the die, let 𝑝𝑖 denote the probability that the obtained upper face has 𝑖 dots, 𝑖 = 1, 2, … , 6.
The die is rolled 240 times independently and the following result is obtained
Face observed 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 40 55 40 25 35 45
1 1
Suppose we want to test 𝐻0 ∶ 𝑝𝑖 = 6 for 𝑖 = 1, 2, … , 6; against 𝐻1 ∶ 𝑝𝑖 ≠ 6 for at least one 𝑖; 𝑖 =
2 2 2 2
1, 2, … , 6. It is given that 𝑋5;0.05 = 11.07, 𝑋6;0.05 = 12.59, 𝑋5;0.01 = 15.09, 𝑋6;0.01 = 16.81. Based on
2
the asymptotic goodness of fit 𝑋 test for testing 𝐻0 against 𝐻1 , which of the following statements
are true?
1. 𝐻0 is rejected at 5% level of significance
2. 𝐻0 is rejected at 1% level of significance
3. 𝐻0 is not rejected at 5% level of significance
4. Observed value of the test statistic is 12.5

13. Which of the following numbers are order of some element of the symmetric group 𝑆5 ?
1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6

𝑦√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
2
14. Define 𝑓 ∶ ℝ → ℝ by 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0. Which of the following statements are true?
0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
𝜕𝑓
1. (0, 0) exists
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓
2. 𝜕𝑦 (0, 0) exists
3. 𝑓 is not continuous at (0,0)
4. 𝑓 is not differentiable at (0,0)

15. Observations on the shear strength of concrete from 5 randomly selected structures are given
below:
Structure 1 2 3 4 5
Shear strength 1718.4 1787.4 2562.3 2356.9 2153.2
The null hypothesis 𝐻0 that the median shear strength is 2000 units is tested against the alternative
hypothesis 𝐻1 that the median shear strength is greater than 2000 units at 5% level of significance.
Which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑝-value of the sign test is 0.04
2. 𝐻0 is NOT rejected at 5% level of significance by the sign test
3. The observed value of Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic 𝑊 + is equal to 10
4. If 𝑃𝐻0 (𝑊 + ≥ 14) = 0.06, then 𝐻0 is rejected at 5% level of significance by the Wilcoxon signed rank
test

16. Suppose that 𝑓 is an entire function such that |𝑓(𝑧)| ≥ 2024 for all 𝑧 ∈ ℂ. Which of the following
statements are necessarily true?
1. 𝑓(𝑧) = 2024 for all 𝑧 ∈ ℂ
2. 𝑓 is a constant function
3. 𝑓 is an injective function
4. 𝑓 is a bijective function

17. Which of the following conditions ensure that the power series ∑𝑛≥0 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 defines an entire
function?
1. The power series converges for every 𝑧 ∈ ℂ
2. The power series converges for every 𝑧 ∈ ℝ
3. The power series converges for every 𝑧 ∈ {2𝑛 ∶ 𝑧 ∈ ℕ}
1
4. The power series converges for every 𝑧 ∈ {5𝑛 ∶ 𝑧 ∈ ℕ}
18. Let {𝑋𝑛 }𝑛≥1 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with
𝐸(𝑋1 =)0 and 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋1 ) = 1. Which of the following statements are true?
𝑛
√𝑛 ∑𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 1
1. lim 𝑃 ( ∑𝑛 2 ≤ 0) =
𝑛→∞ 𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 2
∑𝑛 𝑋
2. ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋 2𝑖 converges in probability to 0 as 𝑛 → ∞
𝑖=1 𝑖
1 𝑛
3. 𝑛 ∑𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖2 converges in probability to 1 as 𝑛 → ∞
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 1
4. lim 𝑃 ( ≤ 0) = 2
𝑛→∞ √𝑛

sin(𝑦(𝑥))
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 1+𝑦 4 (𝑥)
, 𝑥∈ℝ
19. Consider the initial value problem (IVP): . Then which of the following
𝑦(0) = 𝑦0
statements are true?
1. There is a positive 𝑦0 such that the solution of the IVP is unbounded
2. There is a negative 𝑦0 such that the solution of the IVP is bounded
3. For every 𝑦0 ∈ ℝ, every solution of the IVP is bounded
4. For every 𝑦0 ∈ ℝ, there is a solution to the IVP for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

20. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be independent random variables with 𝑋~𝑁(2, 4) and 𝑌~𝑁(−4, 9) where 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
denotes a normal distribution with mean and variance 𝜎 2 . Given Φ(1) = 0.8413, Φ(2) = 0.9772 and
Φ(3) = 0.9987 where Φ(. ) is the cumulative distribution function of a standard normal random
variable. Which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑉𝑎𝑟(2𝑋 + 𝑌) = 17
2. 𝑃(|2𝑋 + 𝑌| ≤ 15) = 0.9974
3. 𝐶𝑜𝑣(3𝑋 + 2𝑌, 3𝑋 − 2𝑌) = 0
4. 2𝑋 − 𝑌~𝑁(0, 25)

1 1
21. The extremizer of the problem min [ ∫−1[(𝑦′(𝑥))2 + (𝑦(𝑥))2 ] 𝑑𝑥] subject to 𝑦 ∈
2
1
𝐶 1 [−1, 1], ∫−1 𝑥𝑦(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦(−1) = 𝑦(1) = 1 is
𝑒
1. 1+𝑒 2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) + 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑒
2. 1+𝑒 2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) + 1 − 𝑥 2
𝑒
3. 1+𝑒 2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )
𝑒
4. 1+𝑒 2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) + sin(2𝜋𝑥)

22. Define 𝑓 ∶ ℝ → ℝ by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥|. Which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑓 is continuous on ℝ
2. 𝑓 is differentiable on ℝ
3. 𝑓 is differentiable only at 0
4. 𝑓 is not differentiable at 0

23. Let 𝑋 denote the topological space ℝ with the cofinite topology (i.e., the finite complement
topology) and let 𝑌 denote the topological space ℝ with the Euclidean topology. Which of the
following statements are true?
1. 𝑋 × [0, 1] is closed in 𝑋 × 𝑌 with respect to the product topology
2. 𝑋 × [0, 1] is compact with respect to the product topology
3. 𝑋 is compact
4. 𝑋 × 𝑌 is compact with respect to the product topology

24. If 𝑥1 = 𝑥1 (𝑡), 𝑥2 = 𝑥2 (𝑡) is the solution of the initial value problem

𝑑𝑥1
𝑒 −𝑡𝑑𝑡
= −𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ,
−𝑡 𝑑𝑥2
𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = −𝑥1 − 𝑥2 ,
𝑥1 (0) = 1, 𝑥2 (0) = 0,
and 𝑟(𝑡) = √𝑥12 (𝑡) + 𝑥22 (𝑡), then which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑟(𝑡) → 0 as 𝑡 → +∞
2. 𝑟(ln 2) = 𝑒 −1
3. 𝑟(ln 2) = 2𝑒 −1
4. 𝑟(𝑡)𝑒 𝑡 → 0 as 𝑡 → +∞

25. Let 𝐼 be an ideal of the ring 𝔽2 [𝑡]/(𝑡 2 (1 − 𝑡)2 ). Which of the following are the possible values for
the cardinality of 𝐼?
1. 1
2. 8
3. 16
4. 24

26. Let ∑∞𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 be a convergent series of real numbers. For 𝑛 ≥ 1 define

𝑎𝑛 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛 > 0
𝐴𝑛 = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑛 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛 < 0
𝐵𝑛 = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Which of the following statements are necessarily true?
1. 𝐴𝑛 → 0 and 𝐵𝑛 → 0 as 𝑛 → ∞
2. If ∑∞ ∞ ∞
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 is absolutely convergent, then both ∑𝑛=1 𝐴𝑛 and ∑𝑛=1 𝐵𝑛 , are absolutely convergent
3. Both ∑∞ ∞
𝑛=1 𝐴𝑛 and ∑𝑛=1 𝐵𝑛 are convergent
4. If ∑∞ ∞ ∞
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 is not absolutely convergent, then both ∑𝑛=1 𝐴𝑛 and ∑𝑛=1 𝐵𝑛 are divergent

𝑋 1 √2
27. Let 𝑋 = ( 1 ) be a bivariate random vector with covariance matrix ∑ ( ). Which of the
𝑋2 √2 2
following statements are true?
1. The first principal component based on ∑ explains exactly 90% of the total variability
2. The second principal component based on ∑ explains exactly 10% of the total variability
3. sup{𝑎𝑇 ∑𝑎 ∶ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑇 𝑎 = 1} = 3
1
4. The first principal component based on ∑ is (𝑋1 + √2𝑋2 )
√3

28. Transition probability matrix of a homogeneous Markov chain with states 0,1,2,3 is
Which of the following statements are true?
1. state 0 is positive recurrent
2. state 3 is transient
3. state 1 is aperiodic and positive recurrent
4. state 2 is aperiodic and null-recurrent

𝜋 1 ∞ 1
29. Consider the improper integrals 𝐼 = ∫𝜋/2 𝑑𝑥 and, for 𝑎 ≥ 0 𝐼𝑎 = ∫𝑎 𝑑𝑥
√sin 𝑥 𝑥√1+𝑥 2
1. The integral 𝐼 is convergent
2. The integral 𝐼 is not convergent
1
3. The integral 𝐼𝑎 converges for 𝑎 = 2 but not for 𝑎 = 0
4. The integral 𝐼𝑎 converges for all 𝑎 ≥ 0

30. Let 𝑅 be a principal ideal domain with a unique maximal ideal. Which of the following statements
are necessarily true?
1. Every quotient ring of 𝑅 is a principal ideal domain
2. There exists a quotient ring 𝑆 of 𝑅 and an ideal 𝐼 ⊆ 𝑆 which is not principal
3. 𝑅 has countably many ideals
4. Every quotient ring 𝑆(≠ {0}) of 𝑅 has a unique maximal ideal which is principal

31. Consider the linear programming problem:

max{𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 }
subject to constraints
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 ≤ 1,
𝑥1 + 𝑥3 ≤ 2,
1
0 ≤ 𝑥1 ≤ 2 , 𝑥2 ≥ 0,
and 0 ≤ 𝑥3 ≤ 1.
Which of the following statements are true?
1. The optimum value is 3
3
2. The optimum value is 2
3. (0,2,1) is an extreme point of the feasible region
1
4. (2 , 0, 1) is the optimal solution

1 1
32. For 𝑧 ∈ ℂ\{0}, let 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 sin (𝑧) and 𝑔(𝑧) = 𝑓(𝑧) sin(𝑧) g(2) = f(2) sin(2). Which of the
following statements are true?
1. 𝑓 has an essential singularity at o
2. 𝑔 has an essential singularity at 0
3. 𝑓 has a removable singularity at 0
4. 𝑔 has a removable singularity at 0
33. Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋12 be a random sample from the 𝑁(2, 4) distribution and 𝑌1 , … , 𝑌15 be a random
sample from the 𝑁(−2,5) distribution, where 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) denotes a normal distribution with mean 𝜇
and variance 𝜎 2 . Assume that the two random samples are mutually independent. Let 𝑋̅ =
1 12 1 12 1 15 1 15 2
∑ 𝑋 , 𝑆12 = ∑ (𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 , 𝑌̅ = ∑ 𝑌 , 𝑆22 = ∑ (𝑌 − 𝑌̅) . Which of the following
12 𝑖=1 𝑖 11 𝑖=1 𝑖 15 𝑗=1 𝑗 14 𝑗=1 𝑗
statements are true?
2
1. The distribution of 𝑋̅ + 𝑌̅ is 𝑁 (0, 3)
1
2. The distribution of 20 (55 𝑆12 + 56 𝑆22 ) is 𝑋26
2

5 𝑆2
3. The distribution of 4 𝑆12 is 𝐹11,14
2
2√3(𝑌̅+2)
4. The distribution of 𝑆1
is 𝑡14

34. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be jointly distributed continuous random variables with joint probability density
𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑦 < 2
function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {𝑦 . Which of the following statements are true?
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1 1
1.𝑃 (𝑋 < | 𝑌 = 1) =
2 4
1
2. 𝐸(𝑌) = 4
𝑌 1
3. 𝑃 (𝑋 < 2) =4
𝑋 1
4. 𝐸 ( ) =
𝑌 4

35. Let 𝑆 denote the set of all 2 × 2 matrices A such that the iterative sequence generated by the
𝑥1 2
Gauss-Seidel method applied to the system of linear equations 𝐴 (𝑥 ) = ( ) converges for every
2 3
initial guess. Then which of the following statements are true?
5 8
1. ( )∈𝑆
1 2
3 2
2. ( )∈𝑆
1 2
−3 1
3. ( )∈𝑆
2 3
2 2
4. ( )∈𝑆
4 3

36. Let 𝑓 ∶ ℝ → ℝ be a continuous and one-to-one function. Which of the following statements are
necessarily true?
1. 𝑓 is strictly increasing
2. 𝑓 is strictly decreasing
3. 𝑓 is either strictly increasing or strictly decreasing
4. 𝑓 is onto

37. Let 𝑅 and 𝑆 be non-zero commutative rings with multiplicative identities 1𝑅 , 1𝑆 , respectively. Let
𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑆 be a ring homomorphism with (1𝑅 ) = 1𝑆 . Which of the following statements are true?
1. If 𝑓(𝑎) is a unit in 𝑆 for every non-zero element 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅, then S is a field
2. If 𝑓(𝑎) is a unit in 𝑆 for every non-zero element 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅, then f(R) is a field
3. If 𝑅 is a field, then 𝑓(𝑎) is a unit in S for every non-zero element 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅
4. If 𝑎 is a unit in 𝑅, then 𝑓(𝑎) is a unit in 𝑆

38. Let 𝐴 be a 4 × 4 real matrix whose minimal polynomial is 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 and let 𝐵 = 𝐴 + 𝐼4. Which
of the following statements are necessarily true?
1. The minimal polynomial of 𝐵 is 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1
2. The minimal polynomial of 𝐵 is 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1
3. 𝐵3 = 𝐼4
4. 𝐵3 + 𝐼4 = 0

39. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 denote lifetimes (in years) of 2 components of an electronic system. Let 𝑌1 = 𝑋1 +
𝑋2 , 𝑌2 max{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 } and 𝑌3 = min{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 }. Assume that 𝑋1 and 𝑋2 are independent, each following
1 −𝑥/2
𝑒 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
exponential distribution with probability density function 𝑓(𝑥) = {2 . Which of
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
the following statements are true?
1. 𝑃(𝑌1 > 2) = 2𝑒 −1
2. 𝑃(𝑌2 > 2) = 𝑒 −2
3. 𝑃(𝑌3 > 2) = 𝑒 −2
4. 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌1 + 𝑌2 + 𝑌3 ) = 32

𝑏
40. The infimum of the set {∫𝑎 √1 + (𝑦′(𝑡))2 𝑑𝑡 ∶ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 1 [𝑎, 𝑏], 𝑦(𝑎) = 𝑎2 , 𝑦(𝑏) = 𝑏 = −5} is
19√2
1. 8
2. 19√2
19
3. 8
19
4.
2√2

1
41. Let 𝑓 ∶ [0, 1) → [1, ∞) be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑥. For 𝑛 ≥ 1, let 𝑝𝑛 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝑥 𝑛 . Then
which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑓(𝑥) is not uniformly continuous on [0, 1)
2. The sequence (𝑝𝑛 (𝑥)) converges to 𝑓(𝑥) pointwise on [0, 1)
3. The sequence (𝑝𝑛 (𝑥)) converges to 𝑓(𝑥) uniformly on [0, 1)
4. The sequence (𝑝𝑛 (𝑥)) converges to 𝑓(𝑥) uniformly on [0, 𝑐) for every 0 < 𝑐 < 1

42. Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 be independent and identically distributed 𝑈(0, 𝜃), 𝜃 > 0 random variables. Define
𝑋(𝑛) = max{𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 } and 𝑋(1) = min{𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 }. Which of the following statements are true?
𝑋(𝑛)
1. 𝐶𝑜𝑣 ( , 𝑋(𝑛) ) = 0
𝑋(1)
𝑋(1) 𝐸(𝑋(1) )
2. 𝐸 (𝑋 ) = 𝐸(𝑋
(𝑛) (𝑛) )
𝑋(1)
3. 𝐶𝑜𝑣 (𝑋 , 𝑋(𝑛) ) = 0
(𝑛)

4. 𝐶𝑜𝑣 (ln 𝑋(1) ) − ln(𝑋(1) + 𝑋(𝑛) , 𝑋(𝑛) ) < 0

43. Let 𝑔(𝑥) be the polynomial of degree at most 4 that interpolates the data
 𝑥 -1 0 2 3 6
𝑦 -30 1 𝑐 10 19
If 𝑔(4) = 5, then which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝑐 = 13
2. 𝑔(5) = 6
3. 𝑔(1) = 14
4. 𝑐 = 15

44. Let 𝑌1 , … , 𝑌𝑛 (𝑛 ≥ 2) be independent observations; 𝑌𝑖 ∼ 𝑁(𝛽𝑥𝑖 , 𝜎 2 ), 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛; where 𝑥1 , … , 𝑥𝑛

and 𝜎 2 (> 0) are known constants and 𝛽 ∈ ℝ is an unknown parameter. Consider 𝑁(𝛽0 , 𝜏 2 ) prior for
the parameter 𝛽, where 𝛽0 and 𝜏 2 (> 0) are known constants, and 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜆2 ) denotes a normal
1 1
distribution with mean 𝜇 and variance 𝜆2. Suppose 𝑦̅ = 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑦𝑖 and 𝑥̅ = 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 are observed
sample means. Under squared error loss function, which of the following statements are true?
1. Bayes estimate of 𝛽 tends to 𝛽0 as 𝜏 2 → 0
𝑦̅
2. Bayes estimate of 𝛽 tends to as 𝜏 2 → 0
𝑥
3. Bayes estimate of 𝛽 tends to the BLUE of 𝛽 as 𝜏 2 → ∞
4. Bayes estimate of 𝛽 tends to MLE of 𝛽 as 𝜏 2 → ∞

45. Consider the following ANOVA table for a randomized block design:
Source of variation Sum of squares Degrees of freedom Mean squares 𝐹 calculated
Treatments 48 4 12 𝛽
Blocks 72 3 24 12
Error 𝛼 𝑚 𝛾
Total 144 19
Which of the following statements are true?
1. 𝛼 = 20
2. 𝛽 = 6
3. 𝑚 = 10
4. 𝛾 = 2

5
46. For 𝜆 ∈ ℝ such that |𝜆| < 32, let 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑡, 𝜆) and 𝑢 denote the resolvent kernel and the solution,
𝜆 2
respectively, of the Fredholm integral equation 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 ∫−2(𝑥𝑡 + 𝑥 2 𝑡 2 ) 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡. Then which of
the following statements are true?
3𝑥𝑡 5𝑥 2 𝑡 2
1. 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑡, 𝜆) = 3−8𝜆 − 5−32𝜆
3𝑥𝑡 5𝑥 2 𝑡 2
2. 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑡, 𝜆) = 3−8𝜆 + 5−32𝜆
5
3. 𝑢(1) = − 5−32𝜆
3
4. 𝑢(1) = 3−8𝜆

47. Consider the two-way ANOVA model 𝑌𝑖𝑗 = 𝜇 + 𝛼𝑖 + 𝛽𝑗 + 𝜖𝑖𝑗 , 𝑖 = 1, 2; 𝑗 = 1, 2, where 𝜇 is the
overall mean effect, 𝛼𝑖 is the effect of the 𝑖-th level of factor 𝐴, 𝛽𝑗 is the effect of 𝑗-th level of factor
𝐵, 𝑌𝑖𝑗 is the response of the (𝑖, 𝑗)-th experimental unit and 𝜖𝑖𝑗 is the corresponding error with 𝐸(𝜖𝑖𝑗 ) =
0 for 𝑖 = 1, 2; 𝑗 = 1, 2. Which of the following are estimable linear parametric functions?
1. 𝜇 + 𝛼2 + 𝛽2
2. 𝛼1 − 𝛽1
3. 𝛼2 − 𝛽2
4. 𝜇 − 𝛼1 − 𝛽1

48. Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 (𝑛 ≥ 3) be a random sample from a distribution having probability density function
𝜃𝑒 −𝜃𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 1
𝑓(𝑥|𝜃) = { where 𝜃 > 0 is an unknown parameter. Let 𝑇𝑛 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 . Which of
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑛

the following statements are true?

𝑛−1
1. Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator of 𝜃 is 𝑛𝑇
𝑛
𝜃2
2. Cramer-Rao lower bound for the variance of any unbiased estimator of 𝜃 is
𝑛
3. Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator of 𝜃 attains the Cramer-Rao lower bound
1
−
4. (1 − 𝑒 𝑇𝑛 ) is a consistent estimator of 𝑃𝜃 (𝑋1 ≤ 1)

49. For two indeterminates 𝑥, 𝑦, let 𝑅 = 𝔽3 [𝑥] and 𝑆 = 𝑅[𝑦] . Which of the following statements are
true?
1. 𝑆 is a principal ideal domain
2. 𝑆/(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 ) is a unique factorization domain
3. 𝑆 is a unique factorization domain
4. 𝑆/(𝑥) is a principal ideal domain

50. Consider ℝ and ℚ[𝑥] as vector spaces over ℚ. Which of the following statements are true?
1. There exists an injective ℚ-linear transformation 𝑇 ∶ ℝ → ℚ[𝑥]
2. There exists an injective ℚ-linear transformation 𝑇 ∶ ℚ[𝑥] → ℝ
3. The Q-vector spaces ℚ[𝑥] and ℝ are isomorphic
4. There do not exist non-zero ℚ-linear transformations 𝑇 ∶ ℝ → ℚ[𝑥]

51. Let 𝜏 be the smallest topology on the set ℝ containing 𝛽 = {[𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎 < 𝑏; 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ}. Which of the
following statements are true?
1. 𝛽 is a basis for topology 𝜏
2. ℝ is compact in the topology 𝜏
3. Topology 𝜏 is the same as the Euclidean topology
4. Topology 𝜏 is Hausdorff

𝑎
52. Let (𝑎𝑛 )𝑛≥1 be a sequence of positive real numbers. Let 𝑏𝑛 = max{𝑎 𝑛,…,𝑎 } , 𝑛 ≥ 1. Which of the
1 𝑛
following statements are necessarily true?
1. If lim 𝑏𝑛 exists in ℝ, then {𝑎𝑛 ∶ 𝑛 ≥ 1} is bounded
𝑛→∞
2. If lim 𝑏𝑛 = 1 then lim 𝑎𝑛 exists in ℝ
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
1
3. If lim 𝑏𝑛 = then lim 𝑎𝑛 exists in ℝ
2
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
4. If lim 𝑏𝑛 = 0 then lim 𝑎𝑛 = 0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
53. Let 𝐵(0, 2) = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 ∶ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 < 4}, and 𝜕𝐵 denote the boundary of 𝐵(0,2). Assume
(𝛼, 𝛽) ≠ (0, 0)𝑚 𝑘 ∈ ℝ and 𝑢 is any solution to
−∆𝑢 = 0 𝑖𝑛 𝐵(0, 2)
{ 𝜕𝑢 2 2 , where 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) is the unit outward normal to
𝛼𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝛽 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 1 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑘
𝜕𝑣
𝑜𝑛 𝜕𝐵
𝐵(0,2) at (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝜕𝐵. Consider the following statements:
|1+4𝑘|
𝑆1 : If 𝛽 = 0, then there exists a (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) ∈ 𝐵(0, 2) such that |𝑢(𝑥0 , 𝑦0 )| = |𝛼|
1
𝑆2 : If 𝛼 = 0 then 𝑘 = − 4. Then
1. 𝑆1 is true but 𝑆2 is false
2. 𝑆2 is true but 𝑆1 is false
3. both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are true
4. both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are false

54. Let 𝑇 ∶ ℝ4 → ℝ4 be a linear map with four distinct eigenvalues and satisfying 𝑇 4 − 15𝑇 2 + 10𝑇 +
24𝐼 = 0. Which of the following statements are necessarily true?
1. There exists a non-zero vector 𝑣1 ∈ ℝ4 such that 𝑇𝑣1 = 2𝑣1
2. There exists a non-zero vector 𝑣2 ∈ ℝ4 such that 𝑇𝑣2 = 𝑣2
3. For every non-zero vector 𝑣 ∈ ℝ4 the set {2𝑣, 3𝑇𝑣} is linearly independent
4. 𝑇 is a one-one function

55. Let (𝑎𝑛 )𝑛≥1 be a bounded sequence of real numbers such that lim 𝑎𝑛 does not exist. Let 𝑆 =
𝑛→∞
{𝑙 ∈ ℝ ∶ there exists a subsequence of (𝑎𝑛 ) converges to 𝑙}. Which of the following statements are
necessarily true?
1. 𝑆 is the empty set
2. 𝑆 has exactly one element
3. 𝑆 has at least two elements
4. 𝑆 has to be a finite set

56. Let 𝑉 be the subspace spanned by the vectors 𝑣1 = (1, 0, 2, 3, 1), 𝑣2 = (0, 0, 1, 3, 5), 𝑣3 =
(0, 0, 0, 0, 1) in the real vector space ℝ5 . Which of the following vectors are in 𝑉?
1. (1,1,1,1,1)
2. (0,0,1,2,4)
3. (1,0,1,0,1)
4. (1,0,1,0,2)

57. Consider the initial boundary value problem (IBVP)

𝑢𝑡 + 𝑢𝑥 = 2𝑢, 𝑥 > 0, 𝑡 > 0
{𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 1 + sin 𝑡 , 𝑡>0
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 , 𝑥>0
𝑢(2𝜋,𝜋)
If 𝑢 is the solution of the IBVP, then the value of 𝑢(𝜋,2𝜋) is
1. 𝑒 𝜋
2. 𝑒 −𝜋
3. −𝑒 𝜋
4. −𝑒 −𝜋
58. Let 𝑀5 (ℂ) be the complex vector space of 5 × 5 matrices with entries in ℂ. Let 𝑉 be a non-zero
subspace of 𝑀5 (ℂ) such that every non-zero 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 is invertible. Which among the following are
possible values for the dimension of 𝑉?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 5

59. For which of the following values of 𝑞, does a finite field of order 𝑞 have exactly 6 subfields?
1. 𝑞 = 218
2. 𝑞 = 232
3. 𝑞 = 212
4. 𝑞 = 2243

60. Let 𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 (𝑛 ≥ 2) be a random sample from a 𝑈(−𝜃, 2𝜃) distribution, where 𝜃 > 0 is an
1
unknown parameter. Let 𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 , 𝑋(1) = min{𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 } and 𝑋(𝑛) = max{𝑋1 , … , 𝑋𝑛 }. Which of
𝑛
the following statements are true?
𝑋(𝑛)
1. Maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃 is min {𝑋(1) , 2
}
𝑋(𝑛)
2. Maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃 is max {−𝑋(1) , 2
}
3. Method of moments estimator of 𝜃 is 2𝑋̅
2𝑋̅
4. Method of moments estimator of 𝜃 is
3