Renewable Energy Technologies

(I3772ER)
Lecture Slides - 2024
Introduction to RE
AT Ndapuka
 Outline
 Course Logistics

 Learning Outcomes

 Introduction to RE
• What is Renewable Energy?
• RE technologies, differences and applications.
• Why RE?
• Energy Situation in Namibia
• RE Current Global Market Trends and Transition.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Logistics
Lecturer: AT Ndapuka,
[email protected],
Office: E227, Phone: 065 - 232 4095
Contact Hours/Week: 4L, 2T or 1PS

Assessment: 50% CA (Assignments x2, Tests x2, Lab Reports x1)

50% Final Semester Exam (3 hours)

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Logistics
Text Book 1:
Renewable and Efficient Electric Power
Systems, 2nd Edition.

Author: Gilbert M. Masters

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Logistics
Text Book 2:
Harnessing Renewable Energy in Electric
Power Systems: Theory, Practice, Policy

Author: Boaz Moselle, Jorge Padilla, and

Richard Schmalensee

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Logistics
Text Book 3:
Renewable Energy Integration: Practical
Management of Variability, Uncertainty, and
Flexibility in Power Grids

Author: Lawrence E. Jones

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Logistics
Knovel Database

https://app.knovel.com/kn
AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Logistics
Materials Distribution

Course Outline: WhatsApp Group

Lecturer Notes: WhatsApp Group

Tutorials: WhatsApp Group [Every Tue Afternoon]

Labs: WhatsApp Group [When Applicable]

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Logistics
What will be covered in this course?
1. Introduction
2. The Solar Resource
3. PV Technology
4. PV Systems
5. Wind Power Systems
6. Solar Thermal Systems
7. Other RE Forms (Wave Energy, Tidal Power, Hydroelectric Power,
Biomass, and Geothermal)
8. Energy Storage Technologies

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Learning Outcomes
 Design and analyse energy systems to supply the electricity/heat/cooling
requirements using appropriate renewable energy technology.

 Describe in detail the main characteristics principle of operations of solar

energy, wind energy, bio-energy, etc. and their differences compared to
fossil fuels.

 Describe in detail the main components of the different renewable

energy systems

 Explain the technological basis for harnessing the renewable energy

sources.

 Recognize the effects that conventional energy systems based on fossil

fuels have over the environment and the society.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Learning Outcomes (cont.)
 Optimize different renewable energy technologies and select the most
appropriate based on local technical and meteorological conditions.

 Design and size technological solutions based on renewable energy

technologies to meet specific energy demands while maintaining
economic feasibility and viability and a minimal environmental impact.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 CH1 Outline
 Introduction

• What is Renewable Energy?

• RE technologies, differences and applications.

• Why RE?

• Energy Situation in Namibia

• RE Current Global Market Trends and Transition.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 What is Renewable Energy (RE)?
• Energy that is collected from the resources which are naturally
replenished on a human timescale (inexhaustible).

• Possible Applications
 Power generation.
 Heating & Cooling.
 Transport.
 Rural
Electrification, etc

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 RE Technologies

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Why should we go for RE?

• Inexhaustible.

• Environmental impact; RE reduces CO2 and GHG in the sky.

• RE improves economic growth and sustainable development.

• RE plants are easily sizeable.

• Transmission losses can be easily avoided.

• Reduced transportation costs (example: fuel costs).

• Affordable energy price.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Energy Situation in Namibia
• NamPower Installed Capacity, 2023
Installed
Power Station Type Remarks
capacity
Ruacana Run-of-the- River Seasonal
347 MW
Power Station Hydro (1323 GWh)
Van Eck Power
Coal (thermal) 120 MW Emergency/standby
Station
Anixas Power Diesel/Heavy Fuel
22.5 MW Emergency/standby
Station Oil
Omburu Solar
Photovoltaic (PV) Renewable Energy 20.0 MW Variable & Storage
Power Station
TOTAL 509.5 MW Demand is 633 MW

Source: Nampower 2023 Annual Report IPPs Contribution= 8.5%

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Energy Situation in Namibia (cont.)
• Demand Situation

2023 2022 Remarks

Energy
4,055 GWh 3,983 GWh Increasing
consumption

Local supply 41% 29% Reduced

Imports 58.2% 71% Very High

Additional
renewable energy 5 MW 20 MW Increasing
capacity

Source: Nampower 2023 Annual Report

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Energy Situation in Namibia (cont.)
• Demand Situation (cont.)
2023: 4055 (+1.8%)

Source: Nampower 2022 Annual Report

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Energy Situation in Namibia (cont.)
• Supply Situation (units into the system)

Source: Nampower 2023 Annual Report

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Energy Situation in Namibia (cont.)
• Renewable Energy Sector, 2022

Solar PV Wind CSP Biomass

Installed (MW) 150 49 - -
Planned 230 150 250 80
Tender in Tender in
Remarks MSB MSB progress for progress for
Arandis plant Tsumeb plant

• Green Hydrogen – Expected to generate 5-7 GW of renewable energy.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Energy Situation in Namibia (cont.)
• Electricity Supply Industry

Source: www.giz.de
AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Global developments in the energy market.
• Over 348 GW (18%) of renewable power generating capacity added in 2022
globally. Large increases year on year in the last three years.

• Solar PV is becoming more efficient and cheaper. New PV generating

capacity greater than additions in coal, gas and nuclear combined.
• Wind energy is becoming more cost effective due extensive research on
wind turbines.
• RE friendly national policies like the MSB in Namibia.

• Financing renewable energy projects is now easier and readily available.

• Use of coal is therefore in decline (good or bad?).

• C02 Tax laws are being enacted.

• Nuclear has dropped by 14% in 2014 due to rising costs and safety
concerns (e.g. Fukushima). It is resurrecting.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Present and Future Trends

Source: Global Status Report 2023

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Present and Future Trends (cont.)

Source: Global Status Report 2023

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Present and Future Trends (cont.)

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Present and Future Trends (cont.)

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 Present and Future Trends (cont.)

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 RE Barriers
• Lack of Political Will (Legislations & Subsidies).
• Higher initial cost.
• Emerging Technology, markets (not well established).
• Lack of knowledge/experience.
• Difficulty to secure funding for RE projects.

 RE Incentives
• Independent Power Producers (IPP) policy.
• Net-Metering Tariff.
• RE Feed-in-Tariffs (REFIT).
• Friendly Regulatory Framework → Modified Single Buyer Model
(MSB)
• Government subsidies.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 What must be done to promote RE?
• Create awareness around RE and its advantages.

• RE friendly policies and decision making (legal frameworks); White

Paper on Energy and other policies.

• Increased investments in the RE sector.

• Capacity Building (institutional, technical and human).

• Regional engagement and international cooperation on RE

development. (UNIDO & SACREEE)

• More research on emerging RE technologies.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 RE Development (cont.)

https://www.namibian.com.na/79949/read/Independent-power-producers-can-reduce-
countrys-imports
AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 RE Development (cont.)

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effective-fossil-fuels-2020/
AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 RE Development (cont.)

https://spectrum.ieee.org/

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
 RE Development (cont.)

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Introduction
Chapter 1 Summary
 Introduction

• What is Renewable Energy?

• RE Technologies, differences and applications.

• RE Current Market Trends and Transition.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER
 Renewable Energy Technologies
Assignment 1
Due Date: 18 August 2024, 23h59
 Green Hydrogen Production Potential and Prospects in Namibia
• Assess all the renewable energy technologies in Namibia (resource
potential, installed capacities and future prospects).
• Investigate and briefly explain the factors affecting the status of each
technology (barriers and incentives) in the Namibian context.
• Discuss which RE technologies are enablers for GH2 production in
Namibia and why.
• See detailed task and marking guide provided.
• Warning: Plagiarism will not be tolerated. Appropriate penalties will
be imposed.

AT Ndapuka I3772ER