Name: Qudsiyah Advani
Assignment Number: 3
Word Count: 1206
Q1. What are the common issues that children and adolescent face? Give you own terms and
examples.
Ans 1. Depression, anxiety, ADHD, Learning Problems, intellectual disabilities, conduct and behavioral
issues, opposing elders or rules and regulations.
Q2. What are the signs and symptoms of ADHD?
Ans 2. The following are the signs and symptoms of Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: -
1. Lack of attention to detail and makes casual mistakes in academics, work, or other activities (e.
g., neglecting or missing information, invalid work).
2. Has trouble focusing on obligations or play activities, such as seminars, conversations,
or reading long informative materials.
3. Does not manage to listen when addressed directly (e.g., mind becomes distracted,
even without visible distractions).
4. Fails to complete education, household duties, or employment obligations due to lack of atten
tion and distractions. This can affect relationships with peers, family members,
and coworkers, who may regard them as unreliable or disinterested.
5. Difficulty coordinating assignments and duties, including managing chores, doing things in
order, keeping materials and possessions orderly, negligent work, terrible time
management, and missed deadlines.
6. Avoids or resents jobs requiring persistent mental focus, such as studying, report
writing, or reviewing lengthy documents. Individuals who are unable to concentrate for
long periods of time may postpone or quit complicated activities, adding to a cycle of not
performing well.
7. Loses essential items for work or activities, such as school materials, keys, wallets,
tools, glasses, and phones.
8. Easily distracted by external stimuli or irrelevant thoughts.
9. Has difficulty remembering regular tasks like housework, bills, and appointments.
Q3. What are the symptoms of childhood depression? How would you say that the person has
depression or depressive symptoms?
Ans 3.
Children with depression may frequently appear sad, tearful, or irritable. They may also express feelings
of hopelessness or worthlessness. They may lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, including
playing with friends, hobbies, or school activities. There can be a significant increase or decrease in
appetite, leading to corresponding changes in weight. Depressed children may have trouble falling
asleep, staying asleep, or may sleep excessively. They may seem constantly tired, even with adequate
rest, and may have less energy for daily activities. Children may have trouble paying attention, making
decisions, or remembering things. They might frequently complain of physical symptoms such as
headaches or stomachaches without a clear medical cause. They may also withdraw from friends and
family, preferring to be alone rather than engage in social activities. There can be a noticeable drop in
academic performance or an increase in school absences. They could also have increased aggression,
defiance, or outbursts, as well as risk-taking behaviors. Children might excessively blame themselves for
problems or feel guilty about things that are not their fault. In severe cases, children may express
thoughts of death, dying, or even suicidal ideation.
To determine whether a child has depression or depressive symptoms, Observing the child's behavior
over time is crucial. Children often do not communicate their feelings directly, so it's important to be
attentive to changes in their usual behavior. A mental health professional, such as a child psychologist or
psychiatrist, can conduct a comprehensive assessment to diagnose depression. According to the DSM-5,
a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in children requires at least five of the above mentioned
symptoms.
Q4. What is the difference between ODD and conduct disorder? Explain with proper symptoms.
Ans 4.
Conduct disorder Symptoms: -
Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others.
Often initiates physical fights.
Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others.
has been physically cruel to people.
has been physically cruel to animals.
Has stolen while confronting a victim (e.g., mugging, purse snatching)
Has forced someone into sexual activity.
Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage.
Has deliberately destroyed others' property (other than by fire setting).
Has broken into someone else's house, building, or car.
Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13.
Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in parental or parental surrogate
home
Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms: -
Often loses temper.
Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others.
Is often angry and resentful.
Often argues with authority figures or adults.
Often actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from authority figures or rules.
Often deliberately annoys others.
Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior.
Differences
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Conduct disorder
Primarily involves oppositional and defiant Involves more severe behaviors, including
behavior. aggression towards people or animals,
destruction of property, and serious violations of
rules and laws.
Behaviors are usually directed at authority Behaviors are directed towards peers, strangers,
figures. and the public, in addition to authority figures.
Less severe and less likely to include criminal Often includes criminal activities.
activities.
Can be a precursor to CD if untreated. Can lead to antisocial personality disorder in
adulthood if untreated.
Q5. What are the common triggers of anxiety? Give your own examples.
Ans 5. The following are the triggers that may provoke anxiety in a person:
1. Stressful Life Events:
Personal Relationships: Conflicts, breakups, divorce, or difficulties in family relationships.
Financial Issues: Debt, unemployment, or sudden financial loss.
Major Life Changes: Moving, changing jobs, getting married, or having a baby.
2. Health-Related Issues:
Chronic Illness: Managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or chronic
pain.
Acute Health Problems: Experiencing a sudden illness or injury.
3. Environmental Factors:
Living Situation: Unsafe neighborhoods, high noise levels, or overcrowded living conditions.
Natural Disasters: Experiencing or worrying about earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, or other
natural disasters.
Travelling : Fear of flying, driving in heavy traffic, or traveling to unfamiliar places.
4. Social Situations:
Public Speaking: Fear of speaking in front of a crowd or being the center of attention.
Social Gatherings: Anxiety about meeting new people, attending parties, or socializing in groups.
Performance Situations: Playing sports, acting, or performing music in front of an audience.
5. Personal Habits and Lifestyle:
Poor Sleep: Lack of sleep or irregular sleep patterns.
Diet: High intake of caffeine, sugar, or alcohol.
Lack of Exercise: insufficient physical activity.
6. Psychological Factors:
Past Trauma: History of abuse, violence, or traumatic events like accidents, fire, been robbed
etc.
Negative Thinking Patterns: Chronic worry, perfectionism, or fear of failure.
Unresolved Emotional Issues: Repressed feelings or unresolved conflicts.
7. Substance Use:
Drug or Alcohol Use: Abuse or withdrawal from substances like alcohol, drugs, or even certain
medications.
Caffeine: High consumption of caffeine can induce anxiety symptoms.
8. Genetics and Family History:
Family History: Having family members with anxiety disorders can increase the risk of
developing anxiety.
Genetic Predisposition: Inherited traits may contribute to anxiety.
9. Workplace Issues:
Work Overload: High workload, long hours, or unrealistic expectations.
Lack of Support: Absence of support from colleagues or supervisors.
10. Technology and Media:
Overuse of Technology: Excessive use of smartphones, social media, or exposure to negative
news.
Cyberbullying: Online harassment or negative interactions on social media platforms.
