Name: Qudsiyah Advani

Assignment Number: 4

Word Count: 786

Ans 1. Person-centered therapy is also known as client-centered therapy which emphasizes the
importance of the therapeutic relationship and the client's capacity for self-directed growth, in which the
therapist is a safe space for the client and listens to them without any judgement. The therapist strives to
understand the client's experiences and feelings from their perspective and actively listens to them. The
therapist provides a non-judgmental and accepting, and supportive environment where the client feels
valued and understood regardless of what they share. The lack of judgement is called unconditional
positive regard.

Q2. Explain the techniques and phases of Cognitive behavior therapy?

Ans 2. CBT has 3 different phases:

1. Initial phase: focuses on understanding the client's problems and gathering information. The
therapist conducts a thorough assessment to identify the client's specific issues, and concerns.
The therapist and client work together to develop a cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of
the client's issues. Conceptualization means identifying the underlying patterns of thoughts and
feelings, and behaviors that contribute to the client's problems.
2. Intervention Phase: The therapist helps the client set specific and achievable goals for therapy.
The therapist teaches the client cognitive techniques to identify and challenge negative or
distorted thoughts. Then the therapist and client work on changing maladaptive behaviors
through various behavioral techniques.
Cognitive Techniques: -
1. Socratic questioning is a method used in cBT to help clients examine the validity of their
thoughts. It involves asking a series of guided questions to encourage clients to reflect on
their beliefs.
2. Reducing Cognitive distortions by assessing evidence for and against thoughts: This
technique involves evaluating the evidence that supports or contradicts a client's negative or
distorted thoughts, ultimately reducing the cognitive distortions.

Behavioral Techniques: -
1. Behavioral activation is a technique aimed to increase engagement in positively reinforcing
activities to counteract inactivity. In this method a schedule is given to the client to fill it, if
they have done the activity they were told to or not.
 2. Pleasure mastery is a technique that involves identifying activities that provide a sense of
pleasure or enjoyment and mastery or a sense ofaccomplishment and encouraging clients to
engage in these activities regularly.
3. Ending Phase: In the end of therapy, the therapist and client review the progress made towards
achieving the therapy goals. They also discuss the client's readiness for termination and address
if any concerns are there. Therapist also helps the client develop a relapse prevention plan to
maintain the gains achieved during therapy. This includes identifying potential triggers for
relapse, developing coping strategies, and creating an action plan for managing future
challenges. The therapist encourages the client to continue practicing the learned in therapy and
to seek additional support if needed through booster sessions.

Q3. Explain some playful techniques to manage child’s behavior?

Ans 3. Some playful techniques to manage a child’s behavior is as follows:

1. Visual Art Therapy involves using various art materials (example; drawing, painting) to help
children express their emotions and thoughts.
2. Play Therapy uses play as a medium for children to express their feelings and thoughts
through various games and activities.
3. Clay Therapy involves using clay as a medium for expression.
4. Dance Therapy uses movement and dance to help children express and understand their
behavior’s.
5. Role Plays involve acting out scenarios to explore and understand different behaviors in
context of different social situations.
6. Storytelling uses narratives to help children understand and process their experiences.
7. Music Therapy involves using music to address emotional, cognitive, and social needs.

Q4. Give one detailed example of exposure therapy. Explain it step by step according to your
understanding.

Ans. Exposure therapy is a technique used to help individuals confront and overcome their fears and
anxieties. The goal is to gradually expose the person to the feared object or situation in a controlled and
safe manner, thereby helping to reduce their anxiety over time. For example, if someone has a phobia of
dogs we can start with least frightening scenarios and progressing to the most frightening. We can show
the client the picture of a dog and will keep doing so until the client no longer has anxiety looking at the
dogs picture. Thereby increasing the level of each scenario by watching a dog from a distance, hearing
him back from a distance until the client no longer fears dogs from a distance. Then we can bring the
dogs in the same room, then later slowly and gradually making the client closer to the pet, gradually
encouraging them to touch or pet the dog. Lastly, telling them to practice this outside the therapy and
providing them strategies to control their anxiety.