Romeo and Juliet - William Shakespeare

2. What does Romeo mean when he says, "Did my heart love till now?"Answer:
Metaphors used in "Romeo and Juliet" Answer: Romeo is saying that he has never truly loved anyone before seeing Juliet.

Romeo’s Metaphors: 3. Why does Juliet call night "loving, black-browed night"?
 "Rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear": This metaphor compares Juliet to a precious jewel Answer: Juliet calls night "loving" because it brings Romeo to her and "black-browed"
that stands out against dark skin, highlighting her unique and exceptional beauty in a because it is dark.
contrasting environment.
 "Snowy dove trooping with crows": Juliet is compared to a pure, white dove among 4. What does Juliet want to happen after Romeo’s death, according to her speech?
dark crows, emphasizing her purity and beauty in contrast to others around her. Answer: Juliet wishes Romeo to be cut into little stars to make the night sky beautiful, so
Juliet’s Metaphors: everyone will love the night.
 "Come, thou day in night": Juliet metaphorically describes Romeo as the day within
the night, suggesting that he brings light and joy into her dark and lonely world. 5. How does Romeo describe Juliet’s beauty in comparison to others at the party?
 "Cut him out in little stars": Juliet imagines Romeo being transformed into stars, Answer: Romeo says Juliet looks like a snowy dove among crows, meaning she is much more
indicating that his beauty and presence would illuminate the night sky and make it beautiful than anyone else.
more beautiful.
 "Face of heaven": This metaphor refers to the night sky as the "face of heaven," 6. How does Romeo use imagery to describe Juliet’s beauty?
implying that Romeo’s beauty would enhance the beauty of the entire universe. Answer: Romeo uses light and dark imagery, comparing Juliet to a bright jewel and a dove
among crows to highlight her beauty.
Imagery used in "Romeo and Juliet"
 "Teach the torches to burn bright" (Romeo’s description of Juliet) 7. What impact does night have on both Romeo and Juliet’s feelings in their speeches?
 "Rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear" (Romeo’s comparison of Juliet’s beauty) Answer: Night symbolizes privacy and comfort for both Romeo and Juliet, as Romeo admires
 "Snowy dove trooping with crows" (Romeo’s comparison to highlight Juliet’s purity Juliet’s beauty under its cover, and Juliet longs for night to bring her closer to Romeo.
and beauty)
 "Hangs upon the cheek of night" (Romeo’s description of Juliet’s appearance in the 8. How does Juliet’s view of Romeo reflect her deep love for him?
darkness) Answer: Juliet imagines Romeo becoming stars in the night sky, showing that she believes his
 "Come, thou day in night" (Juliet’s description of Romeo as a light in the dark) beauty and presence could make the entire world fall in love with the night.
 "Whiter than new snow on a raven's back" (Juliet’s description of Romeo’s presence)
 "Cut him out in little stars" (Juliet’s wish for Romeo to become stars) 9. What do the metaphors used by Romeo and Juliet reveal about how they see each other?
 "Make the face of heaven so fine" (Juliet’s wish for Romeo’s beauty to enhance the Answer: The metaphors of light, jewels, and stars show that both Romeo and Juliet see each
night sky) other as extraordinary, almost otherworldly, and far above anyone else in their lives.
 "Loving, black-browed night" (Juliet’s description of night as a time for their secret
meeting) 10. How do both Romeo and Juliet connect light and darkness to their emotions?
 "Come, gentle night" (Juliet’s plea for night to come quickly) Answer: Romeo sees Juliet as a bright light in the darkness, while Juliet views Romeo as the
light in her dark, lonely nights, showing that light represents their love and hope.

11. How does Romeo express his feelings for Juliet when he first sees her at the party?
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each. Answer: Romeo is amazed by Juliet's beauty, comparing her to a bright jewel in the night and
(2 Marks Questions) saying he has never seen true beauty before.

1. Why does Romeo compare Juliet to a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear? 12. Why does Juliet eagerly wait for night to come in her speech?
Answer: Romeo thinks Juliet is very beautiful, like a bright, precious jewel that stands out in Answer: Juliet wants night to come because it will bring Romeo to her, and she looks forward
the dark. to being with him in the quiet of the night.

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13. What do the comparisons Romeo and Juliet make tell us about how they feel? 5. How does Juliet’s wish for Romeo to be turned into stars show how much she loves him?
Answer: Both Romeo and Juliet use imagery of light and darkness to show how deeply they Answer: Juliet imagines that when Romeo dies, he should be made into stars that would light
love each other; Romeo sees Juliet as bright and beautiful, while Juliet sees Romeo as the up the night sky. This shows her love because she believes even in death, Romeo’s presence
only light in her dark night. would be so beautiful and powerful that everyone would admire the night, just as she
admires him. This wish reflects the depth of her feelings and how much she treasures him.
14. How does Romeo's description of Juliet highlight her uniqueness at the party?
Answer: Romeo uses the image of a snowy dove among crows to show that Juliet stands out 6. How does Romeo’s description of Juliet in his speech show the intensity of his feelings for
and is more beautiful than anyone else around her. her?
Answer: Romeo describes Juliet as teaching "the torches to burn bright," comparing her to a
15. What does Juliet’s wish for Romeo to be cut into stars tell us about her love for him? rich jewel and a snowy dove among crows. These comparisons show how intensely he is
Answer: Juliet’s wish shows that she believes Romeo’s beauty and love are so great that even captivated by her beauty and purity. His words suggest that he sees her as something
in death; he would make the night sky more beautiful and beloved by everyone. extraordinary, far more beautiful than anyone around her, reflecting his instant and powerful
love.
III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each.
(3 Marks) 7. Why does Juliet refer to night as "loving, black-browed night," and how does this connect
to her feelings for Romeo?
1. How does Romeo describe Juliet when he first sees her, and why does he compare her to a Answer: Juliet calls the night "loving" because it brings Romeo to her, allowing them to be
jewel and a dove? together. She also refers to it as "black-browed" to emphasize its darkness, which she
Answer: Romeo is captivated by Juliet’s beauty, saying she "teaches the torches to burn cherishes because it hides their love from the world. Her feelings for Romeo are tied to the
bright." He compares her to a jewel because she shines and stands out in the dark, like night, as it becomes a symbol of their private and cherished moments.
something precious. He also compares her to a snowy dove among crows to show how
unique and pure she looks among everyone else at the party. 8. What do Romeo’s metaphors of light and dark tell us about how he sees Juliet in contrast
to others?
2. Why does Juliet ask for night to come, and what does she say about Romeo and the stars? Answer: Romeo’s metaphors, like calling Juliet a "rich jewel" and a "snowy dove," highlight
Answer: Juliet eagerly waits for night because that is when Romeo can come to her. She loves how he sees her as a bright and beautiful figure in a world filled with darkness or less
the darkness because it brings them closer. She also says that if Romeo were cut into little remarkable people. The contrast of light (Juliet) and dark (everyone else) shows how special
stars and placed in the sky, he would make the night so beautiful that people would love night and unique she is to him, elevating her above everyone else in his eyes.
more than day, showing her deep admiration for him.
9. How does Juliet’s wish for Romeo to become stars after his death reflect her deep love for
3. How does Romeo’s reaction to seeing Juliet reflect the theme of love at first sight in the him?
play? Answer: Juliet imagines Romeo being cut into stars after he dies, which would light up the
Answer: Romeo, upon seeing Juliet, is instantly in awe of her beauty, asking if he ever truly night sky and make it so beautiful that everyone would love the night more than the day. This
loved before. His immediate shift in focus from his previous feelings to Juliet shows that his wish reflects her deep love because it shows that even in death, she wants Romeo’s beauty
love for her is sudden and intense, fitting the theme of love at first sight in the play, where and presence to be admired by the whole world, just as she admires him.
powerful emotions take over as soon as they meet.
10. What is the significance of light and darkness in both Romeo’s and Juliet’s views of each
4. What role does light and darkness play in both Romeo’s and Juliet’s speeches? other, and how does it reflect their relationship?
Answer: Light and darkness serve as symbols of their love. Romeo sees Juliet as a source of Answer: Both Romeo and Juliet use light and darkness to describe their feelings. Romeo sees
light in the darkness, calling her a "rich jewel" and "snowy dove." Juliet also embraces the Juliet as a source of light in the darkness, representing his admiration and attraction to her
night because it allows her to be with Romeo, wishing him to be cut into stars to brighten the beauty. Juliet embraces the night because it allows her to be with Romeo, wishing him to be
night. Darkness becomes comforting, and light symbolizes their love for each other. turned into stars. The interplay of light and dark reflects the secrecy, intensity, and beauty of
their relationship.

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11. How do Romeo's and Juliet's use of light and dark imagery demonstrate their emotions? sight. His admiration is expressed through vivid images that emphasize her beauty, which
Answer: Romeo uses light imagery to describe Juliet, comparing her to a bright jewel and a captivates him instantly.
snowy dove, which shows how she stands out to him. Juliet, on the other hand, finds comfort
in the darkness, as it brings her closer to Romeo. This contrast shows how light represents 2. How does Juliet’s desire for night and her vision of Romeo as stars show her deep
beauty and love, while darkness symbolizes their secret connection. understanding of love and eternity?
Answer: Juliet longs for night because it allows her to be with Romeo away from the
12. How does Romeo’s speech reflect the theme of love at first sight in the play? judgment of the outside world. This shows her understanding of the challenges they face and
Answer: Romeo’s speech shows the theme of love at first sight because he is immediately how night symbolizes the privacy they need. By imagining Romeo as stars after his death, she
struck by Juliet’s beauty, asking if he ever truly loved before seeing her. His language is full of expresses her belief that his beauty and love are eternal, capable of lighting up the night sky.
admiration, and he quickly forgets his previous feelings for Rosaline. This sudden and intense This reflects her deep love and desire for their bond to last forever, even beyond life. It also
love shows how quickly emotions can change in the play. emphasizes the theme of eternal love in the play, where love transcends life and death.

13. How does Juliet’s wish to turn Romeo into stars show her understanding of beauty and 3. How does Romeo’s question, "Did my heart love till now?" demonstrate the concept of
admiration? love at first sight, and why is this significant?
Answer: Juliet’s wish to make Romeo into stars reflects her belief that his beauty is so great Answer: When Romeo asks, "Did my heart love till now?" he is questioning whether he has
that even the heavens would be more admired with him in them. It shows her understanding ever truly loved before seeing Juliet. This reflects the concept of love at first sight, where he
that beauty can captivate and inspire love, much like Romeo has done for her. This reflects experiences an instant, overwhelming attraction to her that surpasses any previous feelings
how deeply she cherishes him and the power she sees in his presence. he had. This is significant because it marks a turning point in the story where Romeo forgets
his previous infatuation with Rosaline and falls deeply in love with Juliet. His emotions take
14. How does the comparison of Juliet to a "snowy dove among crows" show Romeo’s over quickly, driving the plot forward and leading to the impulsive decisions that shape the
perception of her? tragic events of the play.
Answer: By comparing Juliet to a "snowy dove among crows," Romeo reveals that he sees her
as pure, beautiful, and unique, standing out in a crowd. The contrast between the dove and 4. What does the imagery of light and darkness used by both Romeo and Juliet tell us about
crows shows that Juliet is far superior to anyone else at the party, emphasizing her beauty their relationship and the obstacles they face?
and innocence in Romeo’s eyes, which captures his instant love for her. Answer: Romeo uses imagery of light to describe Juliet, comparing her to a shining jewel and
a dove among crows, showing that he sees her as pure and beautiful. Juliet embraces the
15. What does Juliet's preference for the night reveal about her relationship with Romeo and darkness of night because it allows her to be with Romeo in secret, away from their feuding
the challenges they face? families. This use of light and dark imagery highlights the contrast between the purity of their
Answer: Juliet’s preference for the night reveals that she values the privacy and protection it love and the difficulties they face. Their love must remain hidden in the darkness, symbolizing
offers, as it allows her to be with Romeo away from the scrutiny of their families. This reflects the challenges posed by their families’ conflict. The imagery emphasizes the tension between
the challenges they face due to their families’ feud, and how the night becomes a safe space their private love and the public obstacles they encounter.
for their love to grow, away from the pressures of the day.
5. How does Juliet’s wish for Romeo to be turned into stars show her understanding of beauty
IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each and her view of love’s power?
(4 Marks) Answer: Juliet’s wish for Romeo to be turned into stars after his death shows her belief that
his beauty and love are so powerful that even in death, he would continue to shine brightly.
1. How do Romeo’s descriptions of Juliet in his speech show the use of imagery, and how This reflects her understanding of beauty as something eternal, capable of transforming the
does this help us understand his feelings for her? night sky. She imagines that people would fall in love with the night because of Romeo’s
Answer: Romeo uses imagery to compare Juliet to things that stand out in darkness, such as a presence as stars, showing her view of love as something that can captivate and inspire
"rich jewel" and a "snowy dove among crows." These images help us understand how others. This wish also demonstrates her deep admiration for Romeo and her belief in the
intensely Romeo views Juliet’s beauty and uniqueness. The use of light and dark contrasts lasting power of love, even beyond life.
shows that she shines in his eyes, making her appear extraordinary compared to others. This
helps convey his immediate and powerful attraction, reflecting the theme of love at first

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 Too Dear!"- Leo Tolstoy Answer: The Too Dear suggests that economic considerations heavily influence governance
decisions in Monaco, leading to practical but morally questionable solutions. The Prince's decisions
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each. were driven by financial constraints rather than solely by justice or ethical concerns.
(2 Marks Questions)
10. How does the story “Too Dear” reflect on the moral implications of using gambling as a major
1. Where is the kingdom of Monaco located in “Too Dear”? source of revenue for a government?
Answer: Near the borders of France and Italy, on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Answer: The story “Too Dear” reflects that using gambling as a major source of revenue raises
moral concerns, as it is recognized as a "dirty business" with harmful social consequences. The
2. How many inhabitants does the kingdom of Monaco have, and what would happen if all the land Prince is aware of the immorality but continues to profit from it due to financial necessity.
were divided among them?
Answer: Monaco has about seven thousand inhabitants. If all the land were divided, there would 11. Why is Monaco described as a “tiny little kingdom” in “Too Dear”?
not be an acre for each inhabitant. Answer: Monaco is described as a “tiny little kingdom” because it has a very small population of
about seven thousand people and very little land.
3. What are the main sources of revenue for the Prince of Monaco, as mentioned in “Too Dear”?
Answer: The main sources of revenue for the Prince of Monaco are taxes on tobacco, wine, and 12. How does the Prince of Monaco make money from the gaming house, and why is this important
spirits, and income from a gaming house where people play roulette. for him?
Answer: The Prince makes money from the gaming house because he gets a percentage of the
4. Why did some German Sovereigns stop operating gaming houses in “Too Dear”? money that people gamble. This is important for him because it helps cover the costs of running
Answer: The German Sovereigns stopped operating gaming houses because they caused significant the kingdom, including paying his courtiers and officials.
harm, including people risking and losing money they did not own, leading to extreme despair and
suicides. 13. What problem did the Prince face when trying to carry out the death sentence, and how did
he try to solve it?
5. What difficulties did the Prince of Monaco face when trying to carry out the death sentence for Answer: The problem was that Monaco did not have a guillotine or an executioner. The Prince tried
the criminal? to solve it by asking France and Italy for help, but both options were too expensive, so he eventually
Answer: The Prince faced difficulties because Monaco lacked a guillotine and an executioner. decided to change the sentence to imprisonment for life.
Attempts to procure these from France and Italy were deemed too costly.
14. Why did the Prince decide to change the criminal’s sentence from death to life imprisonment?
6. How did the cost of executing the criminal compare to the overall population’s financial burden, Answer: The Prince decided to change the sentence because the cost of executing the criminal was
and how did this influence the Prince's decision? too high. He thought that life imprisonment would be cheaper and more manageable.
Answer: The cost of executing the criminal was more than two francs per head of the population, 15. How did the criminal feel about being offered a pension and told to leave Monaco?
which the Prince considered too high. This led to the decision to alter the sentence to Answer: The criminal felt unhappy and unfairly treated. He didn’t want to leave because he had no
imprisonment for life instead. place to go and felt that his life had been ruined by the way he had been treated.

7. What challenges did the Prince encounter with the imprisonment of the criminal, and how did 16. What did the Prince and his ministers discover about the cost of keeping the criminal in prison?
this affect the decision-making process? Answer: They discovered that it was very expensive to keep the criminal in prison, costing more
Answer: The challenges included the cost of maintaining the prisoner and the lack of a suitable than 600 francs per year, and they were worried about the high cost over a long period.
prison. This led to the decision to eventually offer the prisoner a pension to encourage him to leave
the kingdom. 17. What was the final decision regarding the criminal’s situation, and what did it involve?
Answer: The final decision was to offer the criminal a pension of 600 francs to leave Monaco. This
8. How did the criminal react to the offer of a pension and the suggestion to leave Monaco? was a cheaper option than continuing his imprisonment.
Answer: The criminal agreed to leave Monaco on the condition that his pension would be paid
regularly. He eventually settled just across the border, lived comfortably, and continued to visit 18. What did the criminal do after he left Monaco with his pension?
Monaco for his pension. Answer: After leaving Monaco, the criminal bought land, started market-gardening, and lived
comfortably. He also continued to collect his pension and use it for gambling.
9. What does “Too Dear” suggest about the nature of governance and the impact of economic
considerations on legal and ethical decisions in Monaco?
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19. Why did the Prince of Monaco have to make tough financial decisions about justice and
imprisonment? 29. Why do you think none of the soldiers wanted to cut off the prisoner’s head?
Answer: The Prince had to make tough financial decisions because Monaco was a small kingdom Answer: The soldiers didn’t want to do it because they weren’t trained to execute people. They
with limited resources. He needed to manage his budget carefully and find the most cost-effective only knew how to fight in war, not to carry out executions.
solutions for running the kingdom and dealing with legal matters.
30. What lesson do you think Leo Tolstoy wanted readers to learn from “Too Dear”?
20. What lesson can we learn from “Too Dear” about how governments might handle difficult Answer: One possible lesson is that trying to save money at all costs can lead to strange and
situations? sometimes unfair solutions. It also shows how absurd and complicated it can be for a small
Answer: The lesson from “Too Dear” is that governments might face difficult financial decisions kingdom to carry out justice.
that lead them to make compromises, even if it means making morally questionable choices. The
story shows the impact of economic constraints on decision-making. 31. What kind of place is Monaco, and how many people live there?
Answer: Monaco is a tiny kingdom near France and Italy, and about 7,000 people live there.
21. Where is the kingdom of Monaco located, and how many people live there?
Answer: The kingdom of Monaco is located near the borders of France and Italy, on the shore of 32. What special way does the Prince of Monaco make money for his kingdom?
the Mediterranean Sea. Only about 7,000 people live there. Answer: The Prince makes money through a gambling house where people play roulette, and he
gets a percentage of the money they lose.
22. What was the special way the Prince of Monaco made money for his kingdom?
Answer: The Prince made money by allowing a gambling house (where people played roulette) to 33. What crime did the man in “Too Dear” commit? What was the punishment given to the
operate in Monaco. The Prince received a percentage of the money people lost while gambling. criminal?
Answer: The man committed murder. The criminal was sentenced to have his head cut off
23. What crime did the man in “Too Dear” commit, and what was his punishment? (execution by guillotine).
Answer: The man committed a murder, and his original punishment was to have his head cut off
(execution). 34. Why couldn’t the Prince carry out the punishment of cutting off the criminal’s head?
Answer: The Prince couldn’t carry out the punishment because Monaco didn’t have a guillotine or
24. Why did the Prince and his ministers have trouble carrying out the execution? an executioner, and it was too expensive to borrow one.
Answer: They had trouble because Monaco didn’t have a guillotine or an executioner. It was too
expensive to borrow one from France or Italy. 35. What were some of the taxes in Monaco mentioned in “Too Dear”?
Answer: The taxes in Monaco mentioned in “Too Dear” included a tax on tobacco, wine, spirits,
25. What solution did the Prince and his ministers finally decide on instead of executing the and a poll-tax.
criminal?
Answer: They decided to change the criminal’s sentence from execution to life imprisonment 36. What did the Prince and his ministers decide to do instead of executing the criminal?
because it was cheaper. Answer: They decided to change the sentence to life imprisonment because it was cheaper than
execution.
26. Why didn’t the prisoner try to escape when the guard was dismissed?
Answer: The prisoner didn’t escape because he had nowhere to go. He said his character was 37. How did the criminal get his food after the guard was dismissed?
ruined, he didn’t know how to work anymore, and no one would accept him. Answer: The criminal went to the Prince’s kitchen to get his own food after the guard was
dismissed.
27. How did the story “Too Dear” end? What happened to the criminal?
Answer: The Prince and his ministers decided to pay the criminal a pension of 600 francs a year to 38. Why didn’t the criminal leave the prison when there was no guard?
leave the kingdom. The criminal agreed, moved just outside Monaco, and started a peaceful life as Answer: The criminal didn’t leave because he had nowhere to go and said his reputation was
a market gardener. ruined.

28. Do you think it was fair for the Prince to offer the criminal a pension? Why or why not? 39. What was the final decision the Prince made about what to do with the criminal? Where did
Answer: Answers will vary. One possible answer: It might seem unfair, but since they didn’t want the criminal go after he received his pension?
to spend more money on keeping him in prison or executing him, the pension was a cheaper way
to solve the problem.
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Answer: The final decision was to offer the criminal a pension of 600 francs per year to leave the 7. What taxes are collected in Monaco, and why does the Prince rely on a gambling house?
kingdom. The criminal moved just across the border and started a peaceful life as a market Answer: The Prince of Monaco collects taxes on tobacco, wine, spirits, and a poll-tax. However,
gardener. because the kingdom is so small, these taxes don’t raise enough money to run the kingdom. That’s
why the Prince relies on the profits from a gambling house, where people lose money and the
40. What did the criminal do with some of his pension money after moving out of the kingdom? Prince gets a share.
Answer: The criminal sometimes went to the gaming tables and staked two or three francs,
occasionally winning or losing. 8. What crime did the man commit, and what was his original punishment?
Answer: The man in the story committed murder, which was a very serious crime in Monaco. The
III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each court decided that the punishment should be execution by having his head cut off, as the law
(3 Marks) directed. However, since Monaco didn’t have the equipment or an executioner, they couldn’t carry
1. What is Monaco like, and how does the Prince make money for his kingdom? out the punishment right away.
Answer: Monaco is a tiny kingdom with only about 7,000 people, located near France and Italy.
The Prince makes money through taxes and a gambling house, where people come to play roulette. 9. Why did the Prince change the criminal’s punishment from execution to life imprisonment?
The Prince gets a percentage of the money from the gambling, which helps him run the kingdom Answer: The Prince changed the punishment because borrowing a guillotine and hiring an
and pay his officials. executioner was too expensive. It would cost 16,000 francs from France or 12,000 francs from Italy,
which was more than the Prince was willing to pay. So, they decided that keeping the criminal in
2. What was the problem with executing the criminal, and how did the Prince try to solve it? prison for life would be a cheaper solution.
Answer: The problem was that Monaco didn’t have a guillotine or an executioner, and borrowing
one from France or Italy was too expensive. The Prince and his ministers tried to find a cheaper 10. How did the criminal eventually leave Monaco, and what did he do afterward?
solution by asking soldiers to do it, but none were willing. Eventually, they decided to change the Answer: The Prince and his ministers offered the criminal a yearly pension of 600 francs to leave
punishment to life imprisonment. Monaco because keeping him in prison was also too expensive. The criminal agreed, moved just
across the border, and started a new life as a market gardener. He collected his pension regularly
3. Why did the criminal stay in the prison even when there was no guard to watch him? and lived peacefully.
Answer: The criminal stayed in the prison because he had nowhere to go. His reputation was
ruined because of his crime, and he believed no one would accept him. He also felt that after being 11. Why did the Prince of Monaco rely on the gambling house for money?
in prison for so long, he had gotten out of the habit of working and didn’t know how to start a new Answer: The Prince relied on the gambling house for money because Monaco is a tiny kingdom
life. with only 7,000 people, and the taxes collected on tobacco, wine, and a poll-tax weren’t enough
to support the kingdom’s expenses. The gambling house provided a steady income through the
4. How did the Prince finally solve the problem with the criminal? percentage the Prince received from players' losses.
Answer: The Prince and his ministers decided to offer the criminal a yearly pension of 600 francs
to leave Monaco. The criminal agreed to this, moved just across the border, and started a new life 12. What challenges did the Prince face in trying to execute the criminal?
as a market gardener. This solution was cheaper than keeping him in prison, and the Prince was Answer: The Prince faced the challenge of not having a guillotine or an executioner in Monaco.
happy with the outcome. Borrowing one from France or Italy was too expensive, costing thousands of francs, which the
Prince found unreasonable. Even trying to get soldiers to do the job failed because none of them
5. What lesson do you think the Prince learned from this situation? were trained or willing to carry out the execution.
Answer: The Prince likely learned that sometimes simple problems can become complicated if you
try to avoid spending money. In the end, paying the criminal a pension was the easiest and 13. Why did the criminal refuse to leave the prison even after the guard was dismissed?
cheapest solution. The story shows that trying to save too much money upfront can lead to Answer: The criminal refused to leave the prison because he felt he had nowhere to go. His
unexpected and costly problems later on. reputation was ruined, and he believed no one would accept him. He also admitted that after being
in prison for so long, he had lost the habit of working and didn’t know how to start a new life on
6. Where is Monaco, and how many people live there? his own.
Answer: Monaco is a small kingdom located near the borders of France and Italy, on the
Mediterranean Sea. The entire population is about 7,000 people, making it much smaller than most 14. How did the Prince resolve the problem with the criminal in the end?
other countries. Despite its tiny size, Monaco has a real Prince, a palace, and even a small army of Answer: In the end, the Prince resolved the problem by offering the criminal a yearly pension of
60 soldiers. 600 francs to leave Monaco. This was a cheaper solution than keeping him in prison. The criminal

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agreed, moved across the border, and lived a quiet life as a market gardener, collecting his pension Answer: The ministers considered multiple options because they had to find a solution that
regularly and staying out of trouble. balanced justice with the kingdom’s financial limitations. They initially explored execution, but it
was too costly. Life imprisonment was cheaper, but still expensive over time. By carefully
15. What does the story suggest about the challenges of ruling a small kingdom like Monaco? considering all possibilities, they eventually chose a pension, which was the most affordable and
Answer: The story highlights that ruling a small kingdom like Monaco presents unique challenges, practical choice.
such as limited resources and the high cost of handling even basic legal matters. The Prince had to
find creative and cost-effective solutions to problems like punishing the criminal, which larger, 22. How does the story reflect the difficulty of making ethical decisions when money is involved?
wealthier countries might not face to the same degree. Answer: The story shows that money can complicate ethical decisions. The Prince wanted justice
but didn’t want to spend too much. This led him to make a choice—offering the criminal a
16. Why do you think the Prince chose to offer the criminal a pension instead of keeping him in pension—that may not seem fair or ethical but was financially reasonable. The struggle to balance
prison? justice with financial constraints highlights the complexity of leadership.
Answer: The Prince offered the criminal a pension because it was cheaper. Keeping the criminal in
prison was costing more than 600 francs a year, and the Prince realized that paying the criminal to 23. Do you think the Prince’s final decision to pay the criminal a pension was the best choice? Why
leave would save money in the long run. The decision reflects the Prince’s focus on finding a cost- or why not?
effective solution rather than one based on justice. Answer: The Prince’s decision was likely the best choice for his situation. It solved the problem
cheaply and efficiently, without causing more expense or public outrage. However, it may seem
17. How did the Prince’s decision-making show the difficulty of balancing justice and money? unfair since the criminal benefited from his crime. While not perfect, it was practical given
Answer: The Prince’s decision-making showed that balancing justice and money can be difficult in Monaco’s small size and limited resources, making it a reasonable solution.
a small kingdom with limited resources. Initially, justice demanded execution, but the cost was too
high. The Prince had to choose between expensive justice and cheaper alternatives, ultimately 24. How might the criminal’s refusal to leave the prison without help reflect his experience in prison
compromising by offering a pension, which saved money but seemed like an unusual solution for and his view of society?
justice. Answer: The criminal’s refusal to leave the prison shows that he felt isolated and disconnected
from society. Prison likely made him feel unfit for normal life, and with no one willing to accept him
18. If you were one of the ministers, how would you have handled the situation differently? after his crime, he had nowhere to go. His experience in prison made him dependent, showing how
Answer: If I were a minister, I might have suggested using community service as an alternative long-term imprisonment can affect someone’s ability to reintegrate into society.
punishment. This way, the criminal could work off his crime, and the kingdom would save money.
This option would balance the need for justice with the practical financial concerns of the Prince, 25. What does this story teach us about the challenges small countries face when it comes to law
ensuring the criminal contributed to society instead of simply being paid to leave. enforcement and justice?
Answer: The story highlights that small countries, like Monaco, may lack the resources for standard
19. Why do you think none of the soldiers wanted to carry out the execution, even though they law enforcement, such as carrying out executions or maintaining prisons. These limitations force
were trained to fight? leaders to find creative, often unconventional solutions. It shows that justice in small countries may
Answer: The soldiers likely didn’t want to carry out the execution because executing someone is be influenced more by economic constraints than in larger nations with more resources.
very different from fighting in a war. War is about defending the kingdom or fighting enemies, while
executing someone for a crime feels more personal and morally difficult. It’s not something they
were trained for, so they didn’t feel comfortable doing it.

20. What does the criminal’s behaviour after being offered the pension tell you about his
character?
Answer: The criminal’s behaviour shows that he was practical and willing to adapt to his situation.
Though he could have tried to escape, he realized that staying in Monaco with no prospects wasn’t
a good option. When offered the pension, he agreed and used the money to start a new life,
showing that he was realistic and accepted the outcome.

21. Why do you think the Prince’s ministers considered multiple options before deciding on a
solution for the criminal?

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 IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each too high for one criminal, especially for such a small kingdom. Instead of spending the money, he
(4 Marks) searched for cheaper alternatives and eventually changed the criminal’s sentence to life
1. Where is the kingdom of Monaco, and what is its population? imprisonment to avoid the large expense of an execution.
Answer: Monaco is a small kingdom located on the Mediterranean coast, near the borders of
France and Italy. It has a population of around 7,000 people. Despite its tiny size, Monaco is an 7. What difficulties did the Prince face in keeping the criminal in prison, and how did he solve them?
independent country with a Prince who governs it. The kingdom’s small population and limited Answer: The Prince faced financial difficulties in keeping the criminal in prison because the cost of
land mean that it does not have large resources like other countries. This plays a significant role in his food and the salary of the prison guard amounted to more than 600 francs per year. As Monaco
the decisions the Prince makes, especially regarding finances and justice. Monaco is famous for its was a small kingdom with limited funds, these expenses were significant. Eventually, the Prince
wealth and the casino, which attracts many visitors and generates revenue for the kingdom. decided that continuing to pay for the prisoner’s upkeep was not sustainable. The final solution
was to offer the criminal a yearly pension of 600 francs to leave the country. The criminal accepted
2. What was the crime committed in the story, and what was the criminal's original punishment? this offer and moved to a nearby place, solving the problem at a lower cost.
Answer: In the story, the criminal committed murder, a serious crime in Monaco. The court
sentenced him to execution by guillotine. However, this punishment was problematic because 8. Why did the criminal refuse to leave the prison when there was no guard, and what does this
Monaco didn’t have the equipment or an executioner. The Prince tried to arrange for the execution show about his situation?
by contacting France and Italy, but the costs were too high. Because of this, the Prince and his Answer: The criminal refused to leave the prison, even when there was no guard, because he felt
ministers decided to change the criminal’s sentence from execution to life imprisonment, which he had nowhere to go and that his reputation was ruined. He believed that no one would accept
they initially thought would be more affordable for the small kingdom’s limited resources. him back into society after his crime, and he had become used to being taken care of in prison.
This shows that the criminal had become dependent on the prison system and feared living
3. Why did the Prince decide to offer the criminal a pension, and how much did he agree to pay? independently. His reluctance to leave indicates how long-term imprisonment can affect a person’s
Answer: The Prince decided to offer the criminal a pension because keeping him in prison was too sense of self-worth and ability to reintegrate into society.
expensive. The cost of his food and the salary of the guard added up to more than 600 francs per
year, which was a burden on Monaco’s limited budget. The Prince and his ministers realized that 9. How did the Prince balance justice and cost in dealing with the criminal?
offering the criminal money to leave would be cheaper than keeping him imprisoned. The Prince Answer: The Prince balanced justice and cost by finding a solution that saved money while still
offered the criminal an annual pension of 600 francs, and the criminal agreed to leave the kingdom addressing the criminal’s punishment. Although the criminal’s initial sentence was execution, the
and settle just across the border, where he started a new life. high cost of carrying out this punishment led the Prince to switch to life imprisonment. When
imprisonment became too expensive due to ongoing costs, the Prince finally settled on offering
4. How did the criminal respond to being offered a pension, and what did he do afterward? the criminal a pension to leave Monaco. While this was an unconventional solution, it was a
Answer: The criminal agreed to the Prince’s offer of a pension, as he saw it as a way to secure his practical one that ensured justice was served in a way that the kingdom could afford, reflecting the
future. After receiving one-third of his pension in advance, he left Monaco and moved just across Prince’s priority of managing costs efficiently.
the border to a neighbouring town. There, he bought a small piece of land and became a market
gardener. He lived peacefully, regularly collecting his pension and sometimes visiting the gambling 10. What does the story suggest about the challenges of running a small kingdom like Monaco?
house. This arrangement allowed him to start a new life while still receiving financial support from Answer: The story suggests that running a small kingdom like Monaco comes with unique financial
Monaco, solving the problem for both the kingdom and the criminal. and practical challenges. The Prince’s inability to afford standard forms of justice, like execution or
long-term imprisonment, highlights the limitations of a tiny, resource-limited kingdom. Every
5. What taxes were collected in Monaco, and why were they not enough to sustain the kingdom? decision, even in matters of crime and punishment, had to be carefully weighed against the costs.
Answer: In Monaco, taxes were collected on tobacco, wine, spirits, and a poll-tax. However, The Prince’s final solution—offering the criminal a pension—shows that sometimes, small states
because the kingdom had such a small population of only 7,000 people, the revenue from these must find creative and unconventional ways to handle problems that larger countries might solve
taxes was not enough to sustain the Prince’s government, pay officials, and maintain the kingdom. through more traditional methods. Managing limited resources was a constant concern for the
To make up for this shortfall, the Prince relied heavily on the income from a gambling house, where Prince.
visitors lost money at the roulette tables. The casino provided a significant source of revenue for
Monaco, allowing the Prince to cover the kingdom’s expenses that taxes alone couldn’t support. 11. Why did the Prince of Monaco face difficulties in executing the criminal, and what alternatives
did he consider?
6. Why did the Prince of Monaco decide not to execute the criminal? Answer: The Prince faced difficulties because Monaco didn’t have a guillotine or an executioner,
Answer: The Prince of Monaco decided not to execute the criminal because it was too expensive. and borrowing one from France or Italy was too expensive. The cost for an execution was more
Monaco didn’t have a guillotine or an executioner, so the Prince asked France and Italy for help. than the Prince was willing to pay, given Monaco's small population and limited budget. The Prince
France wanted 16,000 francs, and Italy asked for 12,000 francs. The Prince thought this cost was first considered getting a soldier to perform the execution, but no one was willing. Eventually, he
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changed the sentence to life imprisonment. However, keeping the criminal in prison also became alternative, allowing the criminal to leave the country peacefully. This decision reflected their need
too expensive, leading the Prince to offer the criminal a pension to leave the kingdom. to balance justice with the financial constraints of running a small kingdom like Monaco.

12. How does the criminal’s behaviour after the guard was dismissed show his view of his situation? 17. What does the Prince’s approach to dealing with the criminal tell us about the difficulties of
Answer: The criminal’s behaviour after the guard was dismissed shows that he felt trapped by his governing a small kingdom?
circumstances. Even though there was no one preventing him from escaping, he chose to stay in Answer: The Prince’s approach shows that governing a small kingdom comes with unique
the prison because he felt he had nowhere else to go. His crime had ruined his reputation, and he challenges, particularly regarding resources and justice. Unlike larger countries, Monaco couldn’t
believed he wouldn’t be accepted by society. Additionally, after being in prison for so long, he had afford the usual means of punishing criminals, such as executions or long-term imprisonment. The
become dependent on the system and lost his ability to work or live independently. His behaviour Prince had to find a solution that fit the limited budget while maintaining order. This dilemma
reflects a sense of resignation to his fate and fear of the unknown outside the prison. reveals that, in small states, leaders must be creative and often prioritize financial efficiency over
traditional forms of justice. It also demonstrates how governing small countries requires balancing
13. What was the final solution to the problem of the criminal, and why did the Prince choose this moral decisions with practical economic considerations.
option?
Answer: The final solution to the problem was to offer the criminal a yearly pension of 600 francs 18. Do you think the criminal’s refusal to leave the prison without support is a reflection of his
to leave Monaco. The Prince chose this option because it was the cheapest and most practical character or his circumstances? Why?
solution. The costs of execution or keeping the criminal in prison were too high, especially for a Answer: The criminal’s refusal to leave without support is more a reflection of his circumstances
small kingdom like Monaco. By giving the criminal a pension, the Prince saved money and rid the than his character. After being sentenced to life imprisonment, he became dependent on the
kingdom of the problem without causing public outrage. It was a compromise between justice and prison system. His crime and imprisonment damaged his reputation, leaving him without a home
financial practicality, ensuring that the criminal would not stay in Monaco without creating a large or job opportunities. Over time, he lost the will to work or integrate back into society. His
financial burden. dependency on the system shows how long-term imprisonment can affect a person’s confidence
and ability to start fresh. His refusal to leave illustrates the difficulty of reintegrating into society
14. What does the Prince’s decision-making process reveal about his priorities as a ruler? after being institutionalized for a long period.
Answer: The Prince’s decision-making process reveals that his top priority as a ruler was the
financial well-being of his kingdom. Faced with limited resources, he had to make choices that 19. What lessons can we learn about justice from the Prince’s handling of the criminal’s
balanced justice with the need to save money. He initially considered execution, but when the costs punishment?
were too high, he opted for life imprisonment. When even that proved too expensive, he decided Answer: The Prince’s handling of the criminal’s punishment teaches us that justice is not always
to offer the criminal a pension. His approach shows that he prioritized practical solutions over strict straightforward and can be influenced by economic and practical considerations. While traditional
justice, focusing on what would benefit Monaco financially rather than adhering strictly to justice would have meant execution or long-term imprisonment, these options were financially
traditional methods of punishment. unfeasible in Monaco. The Prince had to prioritize cost-effectiveness, showing that justice systems,
especially in small countries, may need to adapt to their circumstances. The story also raises
15. How does the story of the criminal in “Too Dear!” highlight the challenges of balancing justice questions about fairness—while the criminal received a pension for his crime, this solution
and economics? benefited the kingdom financially. Ultimately, justice must balance fairness, practicality, and the
Answer: The story highlights that balancing justice and economics can be challenging, especially resources available.
in small or resource-limited places like Monaco. The Prince faced a dilemma: justice required
punishment for the criminal, but traditional methods, like execution or imprisonment, were too 20. In what ways did the criminal’s final decision to accept a pension and leave reflect his ability to
expensive. This forced the Prince to find a more cost-effective solution by offering the criminal a adapt to new circumstances?
pension. The story shows that justice isn’t always straightforward when financial constraints are Answer: The criminal’s decision to accept the pension and leave Monaco demonstrates his
involved. Leaders must sometimes prioritize economic realities over ideal solutions, leading to adaptability and practical thinking. Initially, he refused to leave the prison because he had nowhere
compromises that may seem unusual or unfair but are necessary for the greater good. to go, and his life had been shaped by the prison routine. However, when offered a pension, he
realized this was an opportunity to secure his future. Instead of resisting or clinging to his past, he
16. Why do you think the Prince’s ministers decided to offer the criminal a pension instead of accepted the change and relocated to a nearby area where he could live peacefully. This
finding another punishment? adaptability shows that, despite his circumstances, he was able to make the best of the situation,
Answer: The ministers offered the criminal a pension because other options were either too accepting a new role in life.
expensive or impractical. Executing the criminal was costly because Monaco didn’t have a guillotine
or executioner, and borrowing one would cost thousands of francs. Keeping him in prison was also
expensive, as the kingdom had to pay for his food and a guard. The pension was a cheaper
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 On Children- Kahlil Gibran
KEY POINTS
 Children: Central subject of the poem, representing individuals who come into 4. What do the bow and arrows symbolize in the poem?
the world. Answer: The bow represents parents, and the arrows represent children. Parents
 Not Your Children: Emphasizes that children belong to themselves and the help guide and support their children, but the children will follow their own path in
future, not their parents. life.
 Life's Longing: Represents the force driving the creation and growth of life. 5. Why should parents be happy about "bending" as the archer sends forth the
arrows?
 Through You, Not From You: Indicates that parents are channels, not creators,
of their children's individuality. Answer: Parents should be happy because their role in helping their children grow
and succeed is important, even though the children will go their own way.
 House of Tomorrow: Symbolizes the future where children’s souls reside,
beyond parental control.
6. What does Gibran say about where children's souls live?
 Thoughts: Refers to the unique ideas and dreams that children develop
Answer: Gibran says children's souls live in the "house of tomorrow," meaning the
independently.
future, which parents cannot visit.
 Bows and Arrows: Metaphor for parents (bows) guiding children (arrows) on
their life path.
7. How does Gibran describe the relationship between parents and children?
 Archer: Represents a higher power or life itself, guiding the direction of Answer: Gibran describes parents as bows and children as arrows, meaning parents
children’s lives. guide their children, but children are sent into the world to live their own lives.
 Gladness: The positive attitude parents should have in supporting their
children’s growth. 8. Why does Gibran say parents should not try to make their children like them?
 Path of the Infinite: Symbolizes the vast and unknown future that children will Answer: He says this because each child is unique and should have the freedom to
navigate. develop their own thoughts and identity.
SUMMARY
9. What does the archer represent in the poem?
Kahlil Gibran's poem "On Children" teaches that children are not owned by their Answer: The archer represents a higher power or life itself, guiding the way parents
parents, but are the sons and daughters of Life's longing for itself. They come help their children grow and succeed.
through parents, but not from them, and belong to the future, or the house of
tomorrow, which parents cannot see. 10. What feeling does Gibran encourage parents to have when raising their children?
Parents can give their children love but not their thoughts, because children have Answer: Gibran encourages parents to feel gladness and joy when helping their
their own minds. Gibran uses the imagery of bows and arrows: parents are the bows, children, knowing they play an important role in their children's journey.
and children are the arrows sent into the world. Parents should be happy to help
guide their children, but understand that children will follow their own path. 11. How can parents support their children's independence, according to the poem?
Answer: Parents can support their children's independence by offering love and
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each. guidance without trying to control their thoughts or make them exactly like
(2 Marks Questions) themselves.
1. What does Gibran mean when he says, "Your children are not your children"?
Answer: Gibran means that children belong to themselves and the future, not to 12. What can parents learn from the image of the bow and arrow in raising their
their parents, even though they come through them. children?
Answer: Parents can learn that they provide strength and direction (like the bow),
2. Why does Gibran say parents should give children love but not their thoughts? but once children are sent into the world (like arrows), they must follow their own
Answer: He says this because children have their own thoughts and dreams that are path.
different from their parents.
13. Why is it important for children to have their own thoughts, as Gibran suggests?
3. What is the "house of tomorrow" in the poem? Answer: It's important because having their own thoughts helps children develop
Answer: The "house of tomorrow" represents the future where children's souls live, independence, creativity, and a sense of identity, allowing them to contribute to the
a place that parents cannot visit or understand. future.
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 On Children- Kahlil Gibran
14. How does Gibran’s idea of the “house of tomorrow” help children understand 6. What does Gibran mean when he says, "For their souls dwell in the house of
their own future? tomorrow"?
Answer: It helps children understand that they belong to the future and will shape Answer: Gibran means that children belong to the future, and their souls are
it in ways that even their parents might not fully understand. connected to the time ahead. Parents cannot fully understand or control this future,
as it’s unknown to them. This emphasizes that children are part of a new world that
15. What attitude should parents have when raising their children, based on Gibran’s is theirs to explore, while parents belong to the present.
message?
Answer: Parents should have a positive and joyful attitude, recognizing that their 7. Why does Gibran say, "You may strive to be like them, but seek not to make them
role is to help their children grow into their own person, not to control their lives. like you"?
Answer: Gibran encourages parents to learn from their children's energy, curiosity,
III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each and spirit, but not to force children to become like them. Life moves forward, and
(3 Marks) each generation has its own path. Children need to grow into their own people,
1. What does Gibran mean when he says, "They come through you but not from rather than becoming copies of their parents.
you"? 8. What role does Gibran believe parents play in their children's lives, according to
Answer: Gibran means that children are born through their parents but are not the poem?
created or shaped entirely by them. Children have their own individuality, thoughts, Answer: Gibran believes parents act as guides who provide love and support, but
and purpose in life. Parents may help bring them into the world, but the children they must let their children grow into their own individuals. Using the metaphor of
belong to life itself, not to the parents. bows and arrows, he suggests that parents help launch their children into the world
but should not try to control or shape their journey.
2. Why does Gibran compare parents to bows and children to arrows?
Answer: Gibran compares parents to bows and children to arrows to show that 9. How does Gibran’s comparison of parents to bows and children to arrows reflect
parents provide strength, guidance, and support. However, just like arrows, once the theme of independence?
children are sent out into the world, they travel their own path. Parents help launch Answer: The comparison highlights the idea that while parents support and guide
their children into life, but they don’t control where they go. their children, the children must ultimately travel their own path in life. Like arrows
released from a bow, children are meant to move forward independently, making
3. What is the "house of tomorrow" and why can’t parents visit it? their own choices and decisions as they progress through life.
Answer: The "house of tomorrow" represents the future, where children's souls
belong. Parents cannot visit this "house" because it symbolizes a time and space that 10. Why does Gibran say parents cannot visit the future, even in their dreams?
is unknown to them. It suggests that children are part of a future that parents cannot Answer: Gibran says this to emphasize that the future belongs to children, not
fully see or understand, emphasizing the children's independence and their parents. The "house of tomorrow" represents a time and place parents cannot fully
connection to a new world. understand or control. Children are part of a new future that is beyond their parents'
reach, symbolizing their independence and the natural flow of life.
4. Why does Gibran say, “You may give them your love but not your thoughts”?
Answer: Gibran says this because while parents can care for and love their children, 11. How can parents help children grow while respecting their individuality, as
they should not try to impose their own beliefs and thoughts on them. Children need suggested by Gibran?
the freedom to develop their own minds and ideas. This helps them grow as Answer: Parents can provide love, support, and guidance while allowing children to
individuals with their own perspectives and dreams. form their own thoughts and dreams. Gibran suggests that parents should act as
guides, not controllers, helping children navigate life without forcing them to be like
5. How does Gibran’s poem suggest parents should feel about their role in raising their parents, thus respecting their independence and individuality.
children?
Answer: Gibran suggests that parents should feel joy and gladness in their role. By 12. What lesson can children learn from the idea of the "house of tomorrow"?
comparing them to a bow, he implies that bending and guiding children should be a Answer: Children can learn that they belong to the future and have the power to
happy task, even though children will eventually follow their own path. Parents play shape it in ways their parents may not fully understand. This teaches them that their
a significant part in helping their children, but they should also embrace letting them thoughts, ideas, and actions are important in creating their own path and building a
go. new world that is different from the past.
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 On Children- Kahlil Gibran
3. How does the poem, ‘On Children’, bring out the relationship between parents and
13. How can Gibran’s metaphor of bows and arrows help children understand their children?
own life journey? Answer: The poem uses metaphors to illustrate the relationship between parents and
Answer: The metaphor shows that while parents provide strength and direction children, portraying parents as bows, children as arrows, and God as the archer. It
(like the bow), children (as arrows) must follow their own path in life. This helps emphasizes that while parents provide support and guidance, they cannot control the
children understand that while they may receive guidance, their choices and journey destiny or the future of their children. The poem highlights the idea that children have
are ultimately their own, teaching them responsibility and independence. their own identities and futures, and parents' role is to provide strength and stability,
allowing their children to grow freely and find their own paths in life.
14. How does Gibran’s idea of giving love but not thoughts help in developing a
4. ‘On Children’ offers new insights into the parent-child relationship. Discuss.
child's individuality?
Answer: ‘On Children’ presents a modern perspective on the parent-child relationship,
Answer: By giving love but not imposing their thoughts, parents encourage children
emphasizing the individuality of children and their independence from their parents.
to think for themselves and develop their own ideas. This allows children to grow as Instead of seeing children as extensions of themselves, parents are encouraged to
independent individuals with their own personalities, capable of making decisions understand that their children have their own lives, thoughts, and purposes. The poem
and finding their own path, which is essential for building confidence and self- challenges traditional notions of parenting, which often involve control and possession,
reliance. by suggesting that parents should provide love and guidance but allow children the
freedom to shape their own futures.
15. What can parents and children learn from Gibran’s message about “bending in
the archer’s hand for gladness”? 5. The poem, ‘On Children’, rejects conservative upbringing of children. Explain.
Answer: Parents can learn to find joy in guiding and supporting their children Answer: ‘On Children’ rejects the idea of a conservative upbringing where parents
without trying to control their futures. Children can understand that their parents' impose their beliefs, values, and expectations on their children. The poem advocates for
sacrifices and efforts are made with love, and this mutual respect helps both parents a more open and liberating approach to parenting, where children are encouraged to
and children develop a healthy, supportive relationship based on trust and freedom. think for themselves and pursue their own dreams. It suggests that children belong to
the future, and parents should not constrain them by trying to make them replicas of
IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each themselves. The poem calls for parents to trust their children’s ability to shape their own
(4 Marks) identities and destinies.

1. How, according to the speaker of ‘On Children’, should parents look upon their 6. ‘Parents are bows, children are arrows, and God is the archer.’ How does the poem,
children? ‘On Children’, answer the above question and highlight these images?
Answer: According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, parents should view their children Answer: The poem uses the image of the bow, arrow, and archer to illustrate the
not as possessions but as independent individuals who belong to life itself. While children dynamic between parents, children, and a higher force (God or destiny). Parents,
may come through their parents, they do not belong to them. Parents should nurture represented by the bow, provide strength and support to launch their children, the
and love their children but allow them to have their own thoughts, dreams, and arrows, into the world. God, as the archer, determines the direction of the arrow,
identities. Children are part of the future, and parents must respect their individuality symbolizing that parents do not have control over their children's futures. The bow must
and the fact that they are separate from them. bend in order for the arrow to fly, signifying that parents should be flexible and
understanding, allowing their children the freedom to reach their full potential while
2. What attitude should parents have towards their children according to the poem, ‘On offering stability.
Children’?
Answer: In the poem, the speaker advises parents to avoid being possessive or 7. We cannot keep pace with our children’s lives and thoughts. How is this elaborated in
controlling. They should give their children freedom to explore their own paths in life. ‘On Children’?
Parents are encouraged to offer love and guidance, but not to force their own thoughts Answer: In ‘On Children’, the speaker emphasizes that children are part of the future
or beliefs on their children. Instead of molding them into their likeness, parents should and their thoughts belong to a world that parents cannot access, even in their dreams.
allow their children to develop into their unique selves, respecting their individuality and The poem acknowledges that the world is constantly evolving, and children represent the
supporting their journey towards the future. next generation, carrying new ideas and perspectives. Parents, rooted in the past and
present, may find it difficult to keep pace with their children’s ever-changing lives and
thoughts. This reinforces the idea that parents should not try to control or dictate their
children's lives, but instead, allow them to grow and flourish in their own time and way.

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 Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest- Vandana Shiva
KEY WORDS 5. Rights of Nature : Nature should be recognized as having rights, as exemplified
by Ecuador’s constitution and the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother
Earth. Recognizing these rights fosters ecological harmony.
1. Chipko Movement 16. Rights of Nature
2. Himalayas 17. Earth University 6. Eco-Apartheid and Separatism : Eco-apartheid refers to the false notion that
3. Deforestation 18. Rabindranath Tagore
humans are separate from nature, which leads to environmental destruction.
Overcoming this illusion is key to ecological balance.
4. Biodiversity 19. Shantiniketan
5. Navdanya 20. Tapovan
7. Earth Democracy : A shift from human-centered (anthropocentric) thinking to
Earth-centered (eco-centric) thinking, advocating for the rights of all species and
6. Organic farming 21. Forest as Teacher ecosystems to coexist and thrive.
7. Community seed banks 22. Sustainability
8. Forest as a Teacher : Forests symbolize diversity, cooperation, and
8. Eco-apartheid 23. Cooperation enoughness. They teach the principles of living in harmony with nature, equity,
9. Monocultures 24. Equity
and mutual sustenance, emphasizing the balance between consumption and
renunciation.
10. Francis Bacon 25. Consumerism
11. Terra Madre 26. Harmony with Nature
9. Connection between Nature and Culture : Nature, especially forests, has been
a source of knowledge, beauty, joy, and cultural evolution, as emphasized by
12. Terra Nullius 27. Environmental Crisis Tagore. A harmonious relationship with nature fosters intellectual and societal
13. Earth Democracy 28. Globalization growth.
14. Anthropocentrism 29. Mutual Giving 10. Critique of Industrialization and Modern Science : Modern science, as
15. Ecocentrism 30. Soil, Water, and Pure Air promoted by figures like Francis Bacon, shifted the perspective of nature from a
nurturing mother to inert matter, enabling exploitation and environmental
degradation.
KEY CONCEPTS
1. Chipko Movement and Nonviolent Resistance : A grassroots movement led by 11. Sustainability and Cooperative Living: The forest demonstrates how species
peasant women in the Himalayas to protect forests from deforestation by live in cooperation, and this model should inspire human societies to adopt
hugging trees to prevent logging. sustainable, equitable practices and reject consumerism and greed.

2. Biodiversity and Living Economies : Biodiversity plays a critical role in 12. Learning from Traditional Knowledge: Ancient texts and traditional wisdom,
supporting ecosystems and livelihoods. Understanding and protecting often inspired by nature, emphasize living with moderation, coexisting with
biodiversity is vital for sustainable agriculture and ecological balance. other species, and avoiding over-exploitation.

3. Monocultures vs. Biodiversity : Monocultures, driven by industrialization and 13. Global Ecological Crises: The consequences of globalization, consumerism,
profit motives, destroy ecosystems and impoverish nature, whereas biodiversity and the domination of nature are manifested in contemporary environmental
ensures sustainability and abundance. crises, which require a return to ecological principles for solutions.

4. Navdanya and Seed Conservation : Navdanya, founded by Shiva, promotes 14. Freedom through Nature : Nature and forests provide freedom by teaching
biodiversity conservation and organic farming, helping farmers transition from interdependence and the joys of life beyond material accumulation, fostering a
chemical-based monocultures to biodiversity, sustainable systems. sustainable way of living.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest- Vandana Shiva
12. What did the women say when the forester asked what forests produce?
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each. Answer: The women replied that forests produce soil, water, and pure air, which sustain all
(2 Marks Questions) life.

1. What was the Chipko Movement? 13. How does biodiversity help in farming, according to Vandana Shiva?
Answer: The Chipko Movement was a peaceful protest where people, especially women, Answer: Biodiversity helps by providing a variety of crops, which makes farms healthier and
hugged trees to stop them from being cut down in the Himalayan forests. provides more food and nutrition.

2. Why are forests important to the people living in the Himalayas? 14. Why did Vandana Shiva criticize monocultures?
Answer: Forests provide water, food for animals, and wood for cooking, which are essential Answer: She criticized monocultures because they destroy biodiversity and harm nature by
for daily life. focusing only on profit from single crops.

3. What did Vandana Shiva learn from the forest? 15. How did Ecuador recognize the 'Rights of Nature'?
Answer: Vandana Shiva learned that forests and nature are important teachers of Answer: Ecuador included the 'Rights of Nature' in its constitution, meaning that nature has
cooperation, sharing, and living sustainably. legal rights to be protected.

4. What is biodiversity, and why is it important? 16. What did Rabindranath Tagore believe the forest symbolized?
Answer: Biodiversity means having many different types of plants and animals, and it's Answer: Tagore believed the forest symbolized beauty, harmony, and the source of
important because it helps nature stay healthy and balanced. knowledge and cultural growth.

5. How does the Navdanya movement help farmers? 17. What is the main idea behind Earth Democracy?
Answer: The Navdanya movement helps farmers save seeds, grow different crops, and use Answer: Earth Democracy is the idea that humans should live in harmony with nature,
organic farming to protect the soil and environment. respecting the rights of all species.

6. What does 'Rights of Nature' mean? III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each
Answer: "Rights of Nature" means recognizing that nature has the right to exist and be (3 Marks)
protected, just like people. 1. Why did the women in the Chipko Movement hug the trees, and what did they hope to
achieve?
7. What lesson does the forest teach about sharing? Answer: The women hugged the trees to stop loggers from cutting them down. They hoped
Answer: The forest teaches that all living things share resources without taking more than to protect the forests because they knew the trees provided essential resources like water,
they need, which helps everything thrive. food, and firewood for their daily lives.

8. What is Earth Democracy? 2. What did Vandana Shiva learn about the importance of forests during her visit in 1973?
Answer: Earth Democracy is the idea that humans and all living things should live in Answer: Vandana Shiva learned that forests are crucial for providing water and food and
harmony, with respect for each other's rights and the environment. preventing environmental problems like landslides. She was saddened to see the forests
gone and decided to join the Chipko Movement to protect them.
9. Why did the women in the Chipko Movement hug the trees?
Answer: The women hugged the trees to stop loggers from cutting them down, as they 3. What is the purpose of the Navdanya movement, and how does it help farmers?
knew the forest was essential for their daily needs. Answer: The Navdanya movement aims to conserve seeds and promote organic farming. It
helps farmers by providing them with diverse seed varieties and teaching them sustainable
10. What problems did deforestation cause in the Himalayan region? farming practices that protect the environment and improve crop health.
Answer: Deforestation caused landslides, floods, and a shortage of water, firewood, and
food for animals. 4. How does understanding biodiversity help us in farming and protecting the environment?
11. What is Navdanya, and what does it do? Answer: Understanding biodiversity helps us by showing the importance of having many
Answer: Navdanya is a movement started by Vandana Shiva to conserve seeds, promote different plants and animals. This variety supports a healthy ecosystem, makes farms more
organic farming, and protect biodiversity. productive, and helps prevent environmental problems.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest- Vandana Shiva
5. What does the concept of 'Rights of Nature' mean, and why is it important? 4. What surprised Vandana Shiva when she went to swim in her favorite stream?
Answer: The 'Rights of Nature' means that nature has its own rights to be protected and Answer: Vandana Shiva was surprised to find that the forests were gone and the stream
respected. It is important because it helps ensure that we take care of the environment and she loved had been reduced to a trickle.
do not harm natural resources.
5. Name the woman who led resistance against her own husband according to Vandana
6. What happened when the women in the Chipko Movement held lanterns during the day? Shiva.
Answer: The women held lanterns to show that they were ready to protect the trees, even Answer: The woman who led resistance against her own husband was Bachni Devi.
in daylight. This act was a way to demonstrate their commitment and to challenge the idea
that only experts knew how to manage forests. 6. Mention any one of the things produced by forests according to the forester in
‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’.
7. Why did Vandana Shiva start the Navdanya movement? Answer: According to the forester, forests produce profit, resin, and timber.
Answer: Vandana Shiva started the Navdanya movement to protect biodiversity and
promote organic farming. She wanted to help farmers by conserving traditional seeds and 7. Mention any one of the things that forests bear according to the women in
teaching sustainable farming methods to support a healthy environment and diverse crops. ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’.
Answer: According to the women, forests bear soil, water, and pure air.
8. How did deforestation affect the daily lives of people in the Himalayan region?
Answer: Deforestation led to fewer resources like water and firewood, which meant that 8. Name the author of ‘Monocultures of the Mind’ mentioned in ‘Everything I Need to
people, especially women, had to walk longer distances to gather these essentials. It also Know I Learned in the Forest’.
caused environmental issues like landslides and floods, making life harder for the local Answer: The author of Monocultures of the Mind is Vandana Shiva.
communities.
9. When was Navdanya Farm started according to Vandana Shiva?
9. What message did the women sing to the forester about what forests provide? Answer: Navdanya Farm was started in 1994.
Answer: The women sang that forests provide soil, water, and pure air. They emphasized
that these resources are essential for sustaining life on Earth, rather than focusing on the 10. Where was Navdanya Farm started by Vandana Shiva?
timber and profits that the forester was concerned with. Answer: Navdanya Farm was started in the Doon Valley, located in the lower elevation
Himalayan region of Uttarakhand Province.
10. Why is the concept of 'Earth Democracy' important for both humans and nature?
Answer: 'Earth Democracy' is important because it promotes living in harmony with nature, 11. What is the only answer to the food and nutrition crisis in India according to
respecting the rights of all species, and ensuring that everyone has access to resources like Vandana Shiva?
food and water. It helps create a balanced and fair relationship between humans and the Answer: According to Vandana Shiva, the conservation of biodiversity is the answer to
environment. the food and nutrition crisis.

(FROM QUESTION BANK) 12. Who has been her teacher of abundance and freedom, of co-operation and mutual
1. Where according to Vandana Shiva did her ecological journey start? giving according to Vandana Shiva?
Answer: Vandana Shiva’s ecological journey started in the forests of the Himalayas. Answer: Biodiversity has been her teacher of abundance, freedom, cooperation, and
mutual giving.
2. Who according to Vandana Shiva composed songs and poems about trees and
forests? 13. What has Ecuador according to Vandana Shiva recognized in its constitution?
Answer: Vandana Shiva’s mother composed songs and poems about trees, forests, and Answer: Ecuador has recognized the "rights of nature" in its constitution.
India’s forest civilizations.
14. What did the UN General Assembly organize in April 2011 according to Vandana
3. What according to the women is the real value of forest as mentioned by Vandana Shiva?
Shiva? Answer: In April 2011, the UN General Assembly organized a conference on harmony
Answer: According to the women, the real value of forests is in the springs and streams, with nature.
food for their cattle, and fuel for their hearths, rather than just the timber from dead
trees. 15. What have human beings failed to recognize about nature according to Vandana
Shiva?
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 Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest- Vandana Shiva
Answer: Human beings have failed to recognize that they are an inseparable part of 29. Who is the author of ‘Tapovan’ mentioned in ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in
nature and that damaging nature harms themselves. the Forest’?
Answer: The author of Tapovan is Rabindranath Tagore.
16. Name the country that has initiated the universal declaration of rights of Mother
Earth in ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’. 30. What has helped the intellectual evolution of man according to Tagore?
Answer: Bolivia initiated the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth. Answer: According to Tagore, the peace of the forest has helped the intellectual
evolution of man.
18. What has replaced biodiversity according to Dr. Vandana Shiva?
Answer: Monocultures have replaced biodiversity. 31. Where do we get ecological sustainability and democracy according to Vandana
Shiva?
19. Mention any one of the things that has replaced vibrant earth according to Vandana Answer: According to Vandana Shiva, ecological sustainability and democracy are
Shiva. derived from the unity in diversity found in nature and culture.
Answer: According to Vandana Shiva, "dead matter" or "raw materials" has replaced a
vibrant Earth. 34. What becomes the source of conflict and contest according to Vandana Shiva?
Answer: According to Vandana Shiva, diversity without unity becomes the source of
20. What according to Vandana Shiva is ‘Terra Madre’? conflict and contest.
Answer: According to Vandana Shiva, ‘Terra Madre’ is Mother Earth.
35. Mention any one conflict that Vandana Shiva mentions in her essay.
21. What does Vandana Shiva term the empty land ready for occupation? Answer: One conflict mentioned by Vandana Shiva is the conflict between greed and
Answer: Vandana Shiva terms the empty land ready for occupation as "Terra Nullius." compassion.

22. Whom does Vandana Shiva refer to as the father of modern science? 36. When do people discover the joy of living according to Vandana Shiva?
Answer: Vandana Shiva refers to Francis Bacon as the father of modern science. Answer: According to Vandana Shiva, people discover the joy of living when they move
away from consumerism and accumulation, and embrace a principle of enoughness and
23. Where is the Earth University started by Vandana Shiva located? cooperation.
Answer: The Earth University started by Vandana Shiva is located at Navdanya, a
biodiversity farm. IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each
(4 Marks)
24. What does the Earth University teach according to Vandana Shiva?
Answer: The Earth University teaches Earth Democracy, which includes recognizing and 1. Trace Vandana Shiva’s childhood experiences that led to her interest in Ecology.
protecting the rights of all species and understanding ecological principles. Answer: Vandana Shiva’s childhood experiences in the Himalayan region, where she saw
the close relationship between people and nature, sparked her interest in ecology.
25. Name any one of the popular courses offered by Vandana Shiva’s Earth University. Growing up surrounded by forests, she witnessed firsthand the impact of deforestation
Answer: One of the popular courses offered is “The A-Z of Organic Farming and Agro- and environmental degradation. Her observations of how deforestation affected local
ecology.” communities and resources, combined with her education, motivated her to advocate
for environmental protection and sustainable practices, leading to her involvement in
26. By whom is the Earth University started by Vandana Shiva inspired? movements like Chipko and the establishment of Navdanya.
Answer: The Earth University is inspired by Rabindranath Tagore.
2. Write a note on ‘Navdanya Farm’ and ‘Navdanya Movement’.
27. Name the learning centre started by Tagore mentioned in ‘Everything I Need to Answer: Navdanya Farm, established by Vandana Shiva in 1994, is located in the Doon
Know I Learned in the Forest’. Valley and serves as a center for biodiversity conservation and organic farming. The
Answer: The learning center started by Tagore mentioned is Shantiniketan. Navdanya Movement, started in 1987, focuses on protecting biodiversity by conserving
traditional seeds and promoting organic farming practices. The movement has set up
28. When according to Vandana Shiva did the war against the Earth begin? community seed banks, preserved thousands of rice varieties, and educates farmers on
Answer: According to Vandana Shiva, the war against the Earth began with the idea of sustainable farming methods, supporting both environmental health and food security.
nature as dead matter, during the industrial revolution.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest- Vandana Shiva
3. Bring out the significance of the rights of nature as explained by Vandana Shiva in her 8. What makes Indian civilization distinctive according to Tagore? Explain with reference
essay. to ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’.
Answer: The 'Rights of Nature' are significant because they recognize that nature itself Answer: According to Tagore, Indian civilization is distinctive because it draws
has inherent rights to exist and be protected. Vandana Shiva explains that inspiration from the forest as a source of renewal and wisdom. In ‘Everything I Need to
acknowledging these rights transforms our relationship with the environment from Know I Learned in the Forest,’ Vandana Shiva references Tagore’s belief that Indian
exploitation to respect. By integrating these rights into legal systems, as Ecuador has culture values unity in diversity, which mirrors the balance found in forests. This
done, societies can ensure that natural resources are preserved, and ecosystems are connection to nature has shaped Indian civilization’s emphasis on harmony,
maintained for future generations, fostering a more sustainable and ethical approach to sustainability, and a deep respect for life’s interconnectedness.
environmental stewardship.
9. ‘Biodiversity-based intensive farming is the answer to the food and nutrition crisis’.
4. What are Cormac Cullinan’s views on eco-apartheid mentioned by Vandana Shiva in Discuss with reference to ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’.
her essay? Answer: Biodiversity-based intensive farming addresses the food and nutrition crisis by
Answer: Cormac Cullinan’s views on eco-apartheid, as mentioned by Vandana Shiva, promoting diverse crops that enhance soil health and resilience. In ‘Everything I Need to
describe a systemic separation between humans and nature, similar to racial apartheid. Know I Learned in the Forest,’ Vandana Shiva explains that diverse farming systems, like
He argues that eco-apartheid reflects an illusion of separateness that justifies those practiced at Navdanya, produce more nutritious food and protect against pests
environmental exploitation and degradation. Cullinan believes that overcoming this and diseases. This approach supports ecological balance and food security, contrasting
separation is crucial for creating a just and sustainable world where humans recognize with monoculture farming that depletes resources and reduces dietary variety.
their interconnectedness with nature and work towards its protection and preservation.
10. ‘The end of consumerism and accumulation is the beginning of the joy of living.’
5. How does the writer bring out the importance of ‘Earth Democracy’ in ‘Everything I Discuss in the light of ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’.
Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’? Answer: In ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest,’ Vandana Shiva argues
Answer: Vandana Shiva emphasizes the importance of 'Earth Democracy' by advocating that ending consumerism and accumulation leads to a more fulfilling life by focusing on
for a shift from anthropocentrism to ecocentrism, where all species’ rights are simplicity and sharing. The forest exemplifies this principle, as it operates on
respected. She argues that Earth Democracy supports a fair and sustainable relationship cooperation and mutual support among species. By embracing a lifestyle that values
between humans and nature, ensuring that everyone has access to resources like food enoughness and avoids excessive consumption, individuals can experience true joy and
and water. This approach fosters ecological balance and social justice, reflecting the satisfaction, aligning with the forest’s lessons of balance and harmony.
interconnectedness of all life forms and the need for cooperative stewardship of the
planet. 11. ‘Conservation of biodiversity sustains both nature and culture.’ Explain with
reference to ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’.
6. What ideas of Tagore inspired Vandana Shiva to start the Earth University? Answer: Conservation of biodiversity sustains nature by maintaining a balanced
Answer: Vandana Shiva was inspired by Rabindranath Tagore’s vision of learning from ecosystem where all species contribute to a healthy environment. In ‘Everything I Need
nature and creating a harmonious relationship between people and the environment. to Know I Learned in the Forest,’ Vandana Shiva illustrates how protecting diverse plant
Tagore’s concept of Shantiniketan, where education was intertwined with the natural and animal species supports ecological stability and agricultural productivity.
world, influenced Shiva to establish the Earth University. She wanted to create a place Additionally, conserving biodiversity preserves cultural practices linked to traditional
where people could learn about sustainable practices and ecological balance, drawing farming and knowledge, reinforcing the connection between ecological health and
on Tagore’s idea of nature as a teacher and source of wisdom for personal and cultural cultural heritage.
growth.
12. ‘The peace of the forest has helped the evolution of man.’ How does Tagore
7. How does Rabindranath Tagore highlight the significance of the forest in his essay elaborate this statement in ‘Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’?
‘Tapovan’? Answer: Tagore elaborates on this statement by emphasizing how the forest’s
Answer: In ‘Tapovan,’ Rabindranath Tagore highlights the forest’s significance by tranquility fosters intellectual and spiritual growth. In ‘Everything I Need to Know I
portraying it as a source of spiritual and intellectual renewal. He describes how the Learned in the Forest,’ Vandana Shiva references Tagore’s view that the forest offers a
forest provides a peaceful retreat from the chaos of urban life, fostering a deep serene environment that allows for deep reflection and creative thinking. This peace and
connection with nature. Tagore believes that the forest nurtures creativity, wisdom, and connection with nature contribute to personal evolution and cultural development,
cultural development, illustrating its role as a vital space for personal growth and highlighting the forest’s role in shaping human understanding and progress.
understanding of life’s deeper truths.

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 A Sunny Morning - Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
KEY EVENTS
 Introduction and Setting: DRAMATIC DEVICES
o A sunny morning in a park in Madrid. Dona Laura arrives with her maid Petra  Irony:
and sits on a bench, scattering breadcrumbs for the pigeons. - Situational Irony: The main irony is that Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura, former
lovers, unknowingly meet again as elderly strangers and discuss their shared
 Don Gonzalo’s Entrance: past without initially recognizing each other.
o Don Gonzalo arrives with his servant Juanito. He is irritated because the bench - Dramatic Irony: The audience knows that Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo are the
he wants is occupied by priests. He reluctantly sits on the bench with Dona long-lost lovers before the characters themselves realize it.
Laura.
 Foreshadowing:
 Initial Conflict: - The conversation about Maricela and Laura Llorente foreshadows the
o Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo have an argument about the birds and benches. eventual revelation that Dona Laura is the very woman from Don Gonzalo’s
They exchange witty, sarcastic remarks, both annoyed by each other. romantic past.

 Unexpected Connection:  Symbolism:

o Through conversation, they realize they are discussing a romantic story from - Pigeons: The pigeons represent innocence, peace, and the passage of time.
their past, involving a woman named Laura Llorente and a man who was her Dona Laura feeding the pigeons symbolizes her nurturing nature and the
admirer. connection to the past.
- Violets: The violets symbolize the enduring nature of their love and nostalgia
 Sharing the Past: for their youth. Don Gonzalo picking up the violets represents his recognition
o They recount their versions of a love story of their shared history.
o Laura Llorente, also known as “The Silver Maiden,” used to exchange flowers
with a lover every day.  Memory and Flashback:
o This led to a duel where the lover fought and had to flee after wounding - Much of the plot revolves around the characters recounting their memories,
another man. particularly the story of their youthful love affair. These memories serve as a
o Each character exaggerates the aftermath, making the story more dramatic. form of dramatic flashback, revealing their past connection in pieces.

 Realization of Identity:  Contrast and Juxtaposition:

o As they talk, both Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo realize they were the Laura and - Youth vs. Old Age: The characters constantly compare their youthful selves to
Gonzalo from the past, but they do not reveal this to each other directly. their present older selves, creating a contrast between how they were and
how they are now.
 Parting Agreement: - Past vs. Present: The romanticized version of their youthful love contrasts with
o Despite recognizing each other, both decide not to acknowledge their true their current, more cynical and humourous perspectives on life and love.
identities. They agree to meet again the next day on the same bench, keeping
the romance of the past alive in their memories.  Aside:
- Both characters engage in asides, where they reveal their true thoughts to the
 Symbolic Gesture: audience, adding a layer of humour and helping the audience understand
o As they part, Don Gonzalo picks up the violets that Dona Laura had dropped. their inner conflicts.
Both characters, aware of each other’s true identity, smile nostalgically, hinting
at their shared past.
SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 A Sunny Morning - Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences
(2 Marks Questions) 10. What event causes Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo to start talking nicely to each
other?
1. Who are the main characters in the play, and how do they know each other from Answer: They begin to talk nicely to each other after sharing snuff and sneezing
the past? together, which breaks the tension.
Answer: The main characters are Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura. They were once young
lovers but haven't seen each other for many years. 11. How does Don Gonzalo describe his cousin's love story, and why is this important?
Answer: Don Gonzalo describes his cousin's love story, but it is actually his own story
2. Why do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura argue when they first meet? with Dona Laura. This is important because it helps them realize they were once in
Answer: They argue because Don Gonzalo scares away Dona Laura's pigeons and love.
takes her bench in the park.
12. Why do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura hide their true identities from each other at
3. What do the pigeons symbolize in the play? the end?
Answer: The pigeons symbolize peace and the passage of time, connecting to Dona Answer: They hide their identities because they want to keep the memory of their
Laura's gentle nature and memories of the past. youthful love perfect, without revealing how much they have changed.

4. How do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura realize they are the long-lost lovers from their 13. How does Dona Laura’s behaviour towards the birds show her kindness?
youth? Answer: Dona Laura feeds the birds daily and even talks to them, showing that she
Answer: They realize it when they talk about their past love stories and recognize cares about them and enjoys their company.
details from each other’s memories.
14. What can you learn about Don Gonzalo’s personality from the way he treats
5. Why don’t Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura tell each other that they remember being Juanito?
in love? Answer: Don Gonzalo is grumpy and impatient, as shown by how he orders Juanito
Answer: They don’t admit it because they are both a little embarrassed and prefer to around and complains about small things like the benches.
keep their memories romantic and perfect.
15. How do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo manage to resolve their initial argument?
6. What is ironic about Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura’s conversation? Answer: They resolve their argument by sharing a pinch of snuff, which makes them
Answer: It's ironic because they talk about their past love without realizing that they sneeze and laugh, helping them to relax and start a friendly conversation.
are talking to the very person they once loved.
16. What does the ending of the play tell us about how people sometimes deal with
7. Why does Dona Laura visit the park every morning? aging and memories?
Answer: Dona Laura visits the park to enjoy the sunny morning and to feed the Answer: The ending shows that people sometimes prefer to hold on to their youthful
pigeons with breadcrumbs. memories and avoid facing the reality of how much time has changed them.

8. What does Don Gonzalo first complain about when he arrives at the park? 17. Why do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo both pretend that the romantic story is
Answer: Don Gonzalo complains that his favourite bench is occupied by priests and about someone else?
that there aren't enough benches in the park. Answer: They pretend because they want to preserve their memories and avoid the
awkwardness of revealing their true identities after so many years.
9. How do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo behave toward each other at the beginning of
the play?
Answer: At the beginning, they are rude and argue with each other over the birds and
the bench.
SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 A Sunny Morning - Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words 7. What strategies do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura use to maintain politeness while
(3 Marks) bickering?
1. Why do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo initially argue when they meet in the park? Answer: Despite their arguments, both characters use indirect language and sarcasm
Answer: Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo argue because Don Gonzalo accidentally scares to maintain a polite tone. For example, instead of directly insulting each other, they
away the birds that Dona Laura was feeding. Their disagreement continues as they express their frustrations through exaggerated compliments or witty remarks. This
both have strong personalities and are a bit grumpy. However, this argument is just allows them to argue without being openly rude, showing their social skills in handling
the beginning of their deeper connection. conflict.

2. How does the relationship between Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo change 8. How do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo’s actions demonstrate the theme of pride in
throughout the play? the play?
Answer: At first, Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo argue over small things, but as they Answer: Both characters demonstrate pride by not openly admitting their past love or
talk, they realize they were once in love many years ago. Instead of revealing their true their real identities. Their pride prevents them from being vulnerable; so instead, they
identities, they both choose to remember their past romance fondly, and their protect their dignity by pretending to be indifferent to their shared past. This
relationship turns from bickering to a gentle and kind friendship. highlights how pride influences their behaviour and choices in the play.

3. Why do you think Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo decide not to reveal their true 9. What communication skills do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo use to turn their initial
identities to each other? argument into a friendly conversation?
Answer: Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo likely choose not to reveal their true identities Answer: They use humour, active listening, and empathy to turn the argument into a
because they want to preserve the romantic memories of their youth. They realize more pleasant exchange. After the initial tension, they slowly soften their tone and
that time has changed them, and instead of confronting that reality, they prefer to start engaging in a more personal and reflective conversation. Their ability to read
keep the memory of their past love alive without ruining it by facing the present. each other's emotions and adapt helps them shift from conflict to friendship.

4. What role does humour play in the interaction between Dona Laura and Don 10. How does Don Gonzalo’s willingness to admit he can no longer walk far reflect
Gonzalo? problem-solving skills?
Answer: Humour plays a big role in softening the tension between Dona Laura and Answer: Don Gonzalo accepts his physical limitations and chooses to sit on the same
Don Gonzalo. Their sarcastic remarks and playful banter help ease their initial bench as Dona Laura, even though it initially causes tension. His ability to recognize his
argument, and moments like sneezing together after taking snuff make them laugh. needs and find a solution (sitting close to the shady spot) shows practical problem-
This shared humour helps build a friendly connection despite their grumpy first solving skills despite the difficult circumstances of aging.
encounter.
IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each
5. How does the theme of memory shape the events in the play? (4 Marks)
Answer: Memory is a central theme in the play, as both Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo
reflect on their past romance. Their memories of each other, though they choose not 1. Why do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura annoy each other in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
to reveal them, influence how they interact. The play shows how powerful memories Answer: Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura annoy each other due to their contrasting
can be, shaping feelings and choices even after many years have passed. personalities and behaviours. Don Gonzalo is irritable, demanding, and impatient,
particularly about public spaces and the arrangement of benches. Dona Laura, on the
6. How do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo use their wit to avoid revealing their true other hand, is refined and enjoys her peaceful moments feeding pigeons. Gonzalo’s
identities? rude intrusion and disregard for Laura's enjoyment of the birds provoke her, while her
Answer: Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo use cleverness by pretending to talk about critical remarks and perceived interference aggravate him. Their interactions quickly
“friends” from their past when, in fact, they are talking about themselves. They escalate into a battle of wits and complaints, highlighting their mutual irritation.
skilfully avoid direct admission by crafting a story about two young lovers they once
knew, showing how they use their wit to navigate the situation.
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 A Sunny Morning - Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
2. What makes Laura feel in the beginning that Don Gonzalo is an ill-natured man in ‘A IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each
Sunny Morning’? (4 Marks)
Answer: Dona Laura perceives Don Gonzalo as ill-natured when he rudely demands a FROM QUESTION BANK
bench for himself, scaring away the pigeons she is feeding. His impatience with the 1. Why do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura annoy each other in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
priests occupying a bench and his grumbling about the park conditions contribute to Answer: Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura irritate each other initially due to their stubborn
her view of him as unpleasant. Additionally, his dismissive attitude towards her personalities. They are both old, set in their ways, and expect others to accommodate
concerns about the pigeons and his brusque manner further solidify her impression of them. Don Gonzalo intrudes on Dona Laura’s favourite bench, and his arrogant
him as a disagreeable person.
attitude further annoys her. They exchange sharp, sarcastic remarks, using humour to
3. What fictitious story did Gonzalo spin about himself in the name of his cousin in ‘A express their frustration. Their verbal jabs create a sense of tension, but also show
Sunny Morning’? that they enjoy the back-and-forth banter. Despite the initial annoyance, their playful
Answer: Gonzalo spins a fictitious story about his cousin, claiming that his cousin, argument slowly reveals a shared past and mutual respect.
deeply in love with Laura, fought a duel with a merchant who had insulted him.
Gonzalo elaborates that his cousin was forced to flee Valencia, went to Seville, and
2. What makes Laura feel in the beginning that Don Gonzalo is an ill-natured man in ‘A
eventually joined the army, where he died heroically in Africa, still in love with Laura.
This fabricated story is intended to elicit sympathy and demonstrate his cousin's noble Sunny Morning’?
sacrifice. Answer: Laura thinks Don Gonzalo is ill-natured because of his rude behaviour when
they first meet. He intrudes on her peaceful morning, forcibly takes her bench, and
4. How does Dona Laura describe her best friend’s death to Don Gonzalo in ‘A Sunny then scolds the birds that were amusing her. His grumpy, impatient attitude and lack
Morning’?
of manners make her form a negative impression. His coughing and demanding
Answer: Dona Laura describes her best friend’s death as tragic and romantic. She
recounts that her friend, known as "The Silver Maiden," was heartbroken after her behaviour only confirms her belief that he is a disagreeable person.
lover's duel and subsequent disappearance. One evening, she went to the beach
where her lover had fought, wrote his name in the sand, and sat on a rock waiting for 3. What fictitious story did Gonzalo spin about himself in the name of his cousin in ‘A
him. The rising tide eventually swept her out to sea, and her name remained in the Sunny Morning’?
sand for a long time, symbolizing her undying love. Answer: Don Gonzalo, to avoid revealing his true identity, invents a story about his
5. How do Laura and Gonzalo claim to have pined for each other after their separation "cousin" who was in love with a beautiful woman from Valencia. In this fabricated tale,
in ‘A Sunny Morning’? his cousin passionately loved the woman but had to flee due to family conflicts.
Answer: Laura and Gonzalo both express a sense of enduring affection and sorrow Gonzalo portrays his cousin as a romantic hero, trying to impress Dona Laura without
over their past. Laura describes how her friend, Laura Llorente, pined away in admitting that he himself is the "cousin" in the story. The fiction allows both Gonzalo
mourning and eventually met a tragic end, while Gonzalo claims his cousin was and Laura to revisit their past while maintaining a layer of mystery.
heartbroken, wrote letters that went unanswered, and eventually died bravely in
battle. Each story reveals their own emotional suffering and loss, though both are
ultimately fictionalized accounts. 4. How does Dona Laura describe her best friend’s death to Don Gonzalo in ‘A Sunny
Morning’?
6. What circumstances according to Gonzalo made his cousin flee Valencia in ‘A Sunny Answer: Dona Laura invents a story about her "best friend" who died of grief after
Morning’? being separated from her lover. In this tale, the young woman, heartbroken after her
Answer: According to Gonzalo, his cousin fled Valencia after a duel with a merchant lover fled, threw herself into the sea and was never seen again. This fictional narrative
who had insulted him. The duel had serious consequences, and to avoid further allows Laura to speak about her past without revealing that she is, in fact, the woman
repercussions, his cousin went into hiding, eventually travelling to Seville and then
who loved Gonzalo. The story mirrors Gonzalo's own fictional tale, as both are
Madrid. The story is meant to convey his cousin’s unfortunate and desperate situation,
which forced him into a life of wandering and ultimately led to his death. reluctant to admit their true identities.
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 A Sunny Morning - Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
5. How do Laura and Gonzalo claim to have pined for each other after their separation humorous dialogues, the play reveals deeper emotions of regret, longing, and
in ‘A Sunny Morning’? reconciliation as they recall their youthful romance. The light-hearted presentation
Answer: Laura and Gonzalo both describe their deep sorrow and longing after their softens the serious theme of lost love, making the story touching yet humorous.
separation through fictional stories about their "best friends" and "cousins." Gonzalo
claims his cousin was devastated and spent years grieving for his lost love. Laura, in 9. Laura and Gonzalo recognize each other but conceal their identity. How does ‘A
turn, claims her friend pined away until her tragic death. These stories are ways for Sunny Morning’ present this?
both characters to express how they felt after their separation, without directly Answer: In ‘A Sunny Morning’, both Laura and Gonzalo gradually realize that they were
admitting their own feelings to each other. once lovers from their youth, but neither openly admits it. Instead, they speak
indirectly, narrating stories about "other people" who experienced similar love affairs.
6. What circumstances according to Gonzalo made his cousin flee Valencia in ‘A Sunny This concealment of identity is done through light banter and feigned ignorance,
Morning’? allowing them to express their feelings without revealing their true emotions. Their
Answer: Gonzalo, speaking in the guise of his cousin, says that family opposition and reluctance to disclose their identity reflects their fear of confronting the reality of time
social pressures forced his cousin to flee Valencia. The cousin, deeply in love with a and aging. The play subtly presents this moment of recognition as a bittersweet
young woman, had to leave to escape a duel or dangerous conflict. This explanation realization, blending humour and sentiment.
reflects the real reasons behind Gonzalo’s own departure many years ago, but he
hides behind the fabricated story to avoid confessing his true identity to Laura. This 10. ‘The ways of Providence are strange.’ How is this true in the case of Don Gonzalo
adds to the layer of romantic mystery in the play. and Dona Laura in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura, who had once been
7. Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo spin fictitious stories about themselves to cover their lovers, meet by chance in a park after many years, unaware of each other’s presence
tracks. Discuss with reference to ‘A Sunny Morning’. initially. The randomness of their reunion after decades highlights the unpredictability
Answer: In A Sunny Morning, both Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo realize that they are of life’s events. The two had once separated, believing they would never meet again.
old lovers who had once separated under emotional circumstances. Instead of Yet, through a twist of fate, they encounter each other in old age. This unexpected
immediately revealing their identities, they cleverly concoct stories about "cousins" to reunion and their subsequent conversation about their past underscore the strange
mask their own lives. Gonzalo narrates a tale about his “cousin” who was madly in love ways in which life can reconnect people, even when they least expect it.
with a beautiful woman, while Laura also speaks of her "friend" who had a romantic
relationship with this man. This allows them to reminisce about their past without the 11. ‘A Sunny Morning’ presents a situation that is not so sunny for Laura and Gonzalo.
vulnerability of revealing their true selves. The fictitious stories they spin are a way to Do you agree? Give reasons.
protect themselves from embarrassment and the awkwardness of confronting their Answer: While the title ‘A Sunny Morning’ suggests a bright, cheerful setting, the
lost youth. situation for Laura and Gonzalo is far from carefree. Though they banter humorously,
their meeting brings up painful memories of a love they lost due to misunderstandings
8. ‘A Sunny Morning’ is a comic presentation of a serious human relationship. Explain. and circumstances beyond their control. The play deals with themes of aging, lost
Answer: ‘A Sunny Morning’ blends humour with the complexities of human emotions. opportunities, and the passage of time. For both characters, the sunny morning
Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura were once passionate lovers who had a painful represents a fleeting chance to relive their past, but it also reminds them of their
separation. Now in their old age, they encounter each other unexpectedly in a park missed connection. Hence, while the morning may be sunny, their situation is tinged
but fail to recognize each other at first. The way they annoy and bicker with each with sadness and nostalgia.
other, as well as their playful banter, adds a comic tone to the play. Despite the

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 A Sunny Morning - Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
FROM QUESTION BANK 16. How old does Gonzalo say he was when he went to America the first time in ‘A Sunny
1. Where do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura meet after a long time? Morning’?
Answer: They meet in a park after many years. Answer: He was twenty when he first went to America.

2. What did Dona Laura use as a cane in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 17. Name the poet whom Gonzalo says he first met in America in ‘A Sunny Morning’.
Answer: She used her parasol as a cane. Answer: He met the poet Campoamor.

3. Who accompanied Dona Laura when she came to the park in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 18. Where according to Gonzalo did he meet Campoamor in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: Her maid, Petra, accompanied her. Answer: He met him in Valencia.

4. Who according to Petra belongs to the park in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 19. Which city according to Don Gonzalo is he a native of in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: Dona Laura, according to Petra, belongs to the park. Answer: He is a native of Valencia.

5. What does Dona Laura feed the birds with in the park in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 20. Where according to Laura did she spend several seasons in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: She feeds them breadcrumbs. Answer: She spent several seasons in Maricela.

6. Who accompanied Don Gonzalo when he came to the park in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 21. According to Gonzalo where did the young man go after the duel?
Answer: His servant, Juanito, accompanied him. Answer: He fled to Paris.

7. How many priests were sitting on Gonzalo’s usual bench in the park in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 22. By what name was Laura Llorente known in her locality in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: There were three priests. Answer: She was known as “The Silver Maiden.”

8. According to Gonzalo, where ought to Laura be knitting and counting her beads? 23. Who was called ‘The Silver Maiden’ in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: Gonzalo suggests she should be knitting and counting her beads at home. Answer: Laura Llorente was called "The Silver Maiden."

9. What right does Laura claim to have to criticize Gonzalo’s actions in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 24. Who according to Gonzalo was badly wounded in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: She claims the right of being in the park first. Answer: Gonzalo claims his cousin was badly wounded.

10. What does Don Gonzalo use to brush the dust from his shoes in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 25. Where did the gallant young man take refuge according to Gonzalo in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: He uses a handkerchief. Answer: He took refuge in Seville.

11. Where according to Don Gonzalo is one of his estates located in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 26. Where according to Gonzalo did his cousin meet a glorious death in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: One of his estates is located in Valencia. Answer: He met a glorious death in Africa.

12. What could Gonzalo show as evidence to prove his skill at hunting in ‘A Sunny Morning’? 27. Where did the silver maiden write her lover’s name according to Laura in ‘A Sunny
Answer: He could show a pair of wild boar tusks. Morning’?
Answer: She wrote his name on the sands of the beach.
13. What could Laura show as evidence to prove her skill at hunting in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: She could show a tiger skin. 28. Who according to Gonzalo did he run off to Paris with in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: He ran off with a ballet dancer.
14. What makes peace between Laura and Gonzalo in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer: The birds make peace between them. 29. What does Gonzalo pick up with a great effort before leaving with Juanito in ‘A Sunny
Morning’?
15. When according to Gonzalo did he compose some verses in ‘A Sunny Morning’? Answer: He picks up his glasses.
Answer: He composed them at the age of twenty.

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 When You Are Old - W.B. Yeats
These key words reflect the poem's themes of aging, memory, love, and loss.

1. Old 11. Beauty

METAPHORS
2. Gray 12. Love
3. Full of sleep 13. Pilgrim soul 1. "Full of sleep" – A metaphor for old age, suggesting weariness and the approach of
4. Nodding 14. Sorrows death.
5. Fire 15. Changing face
6. Book 16. Glowing bars 2. "Pilgrim soul" – A metaphor for the inner self, suggesting a journey of the spirit or a
search for meaning beyond physical beauty.
7. Dream 17. Love fled
8. Soft look 18. Mountains 3. "Love fled" – A metaphor for lost or distant love, implying that love has retreated or
9. Shadows 19. Stars is no longer present.
10. Grace 20. Murmur
4. "Hid his face amid a crowd of stars" – Love is personified as something cosmic and
KEY CONCEPTS distant, hiding among the stars, symbolizing its elusiveness and unattainability.
themes of love, loss, memory, and the bittersweet nature of life’s fleeting moments.

 Aging and Mortality: The speaker imagines the subject in old age, reflecting on IMAGERIES
the passage of time and the inevitability of growing old.
1. "Gray and full of sleep" – Visual and tactile imagery of old age, evoking a sense of
 Reflection on Youth: The subject is urged to look back on their younger days, tiredness and decline.
when they were admired for their beauty and grace.
2. "Nodding by the fire" – Visual and kinetic imagery, creating a cosy yet melancholic
 Love and Devotion: The poem contrasts superficial love based on external picture of someone resting beside a fire, emphasizing the passage of time.
beauty with a deeper, more enduring love for the "pilgrim soul"—the inner
3. "Take down this book" – Visual imagery that invites the reader to imagine physically
self and spirit.
handling a book, symbolizing the act of reflection.
 The Pilgrim Soul: The idea of a journeying or seeking soul, suggesting the 4. "Soft look" and "shadows deep" – Visual imagery referring to the subject's youthful
person's inner qualities and emotional depth, is central to the poem’s theme beauty, suggesting both light and depth, representing their emotional and spiritual
of true love. layers.

 Loss of Love: Love is depicted as having fled or become distant, symbolized by 5. "Glowing bars" – Visual imagery of the fire, which symbolizes warmth and life, but
its retreat to the mountains and hiding among the stars. also hints at the passage of time and the eventual fading of vitality.

 Regret and Melancholy: The speaker subtly implies that the subject might 6. "Mountains overhead" – Visual imagery suggesting vast, unreachable places,
regret not fully valuing the deeper love they once received, leading to a tone symbolizing love's transcendence or distance.
of sorrow in old age. 7. "A crowd of stars" – Cosmic imagery, evoking a sense of distance, vastness, and
something beyond human reach, often symbolizing fate or lost opportunities.
 Nature and the Cosmic: The imagery of mountains and stars symbolizes vast,
unreachable spaces, possibly representing love’s transcendence or the
unreachable past.

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 When You Are Old - W.B. Yeats

II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each. III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each
(2 Marks Questions) (3 Marks)
1. What does the speaker suggest you should do when you are old and tired?
Answer: The speaker suggests that when you are old and tired, you should take down a 1. In the poem, what does the speaker suggest you should do when you are old and sitting
book, read it slowly, and think about how your eyes and their expressions used to be when by the fire?
you were younger. Answer: The speaker suggests that when you are old and sitting by the fire, you should
take down a book, read it slowly, and think about how you looked and felt when you were
2. How does the poem describe the love that the speaker is talking about? younger, remembering your past self.
Answer: The poem describes this love as special because it is not just about physical
beauty but about truly understanding and caring for the person's inner self and their 2. What is meant by "the pilgrim soul" in the poem, and why is it important?
feelings. Answer: "The pilgrim soul" refers to the inner self or spirit that goes through life’s journey.
It is important because the poem shows that true love values this inner self and the
3. What does the speaker mean when they say "Love fled and paced upon the mountains person’s emotions, not just their outer appearance.
overhead"?
Answer: The speaker means that love has gone away and is now distant and hard to reach, 3. How does the poem describe the difference between the love of many people and the
symbolized by the mountains and stars, suggesting that it is no longer close or easy to find. love of one special person?
Answer: The poem describes that many people may love the subject for their looks or
4. What is the speaker asking the reader to do with the book when they are old? happiness, but only one special person truly loves their inner self and the emotions they
Answer: The speaker is asking the reader to take down the book, read it slowly, and experience, showing a deeper and more meaningful kind of love.
remember how they looked when they were younger.
4. What does the poem suggest about the nature of love through the image of love hiding
5. What does the speaker mean by "the pilgrim soul" in the poem? among stars?
Answer: "The pilgrim soul" refers to the inner self or spirit that goes on a journey through Answer: The poem suggests that love can sometimes seem distant or hard to reach,
life, showing that true love values a person’s deeper feelings and character. symbolized by it hiding among stars. This shows that true love might not always be easy to
see or grasp, but it remains important and valuable.
6. How does the poem describe the way others have loved the subject of the poem?
Answer: The poem describes that many people loved the subject for their beauty or 5. What is the significance of the image of love hiding among stars in the poem?
happiness, but only one person loved them for their true inner self and emotional depth. Answer: The image of love hiding among stars signifies that love has become distant and
difficult to find, suggesting that it is no longer close or easily accessible, but it still holds a
7. What image does the poem use to show that love has become distant and hard to special, mysterious value.
reach?
Answer: The poem uses the image of love hiding "amid a crowd of stars" to show that love 6. How does the poem use the idea of "glowing bars" to help you understand the setting?
has become distant and is now far away, symbolizing its inaccessibility. Answer: The poem uses "glowing bars" to describe the warm and comforting fire, setting a
cosy scene where the speaker imagines being old and reflecting on past memories,
8. How can understanding the emotions described in the poem help you appreciate the highlighting the contrast between warmth and the distant past.
true value of someone's love?
Answer: Understanding the emotions in the poem helps you see that true love is not just 7. How does the poem's description of love as something that hides among stars help you
about physical appearance but also about appreciating and caring for a person's inner self understand its meaning?
and feelings, which is more meaningful and lasting. Answer: The poem’s description of love hiding among stars helps you understand that love
can sometimes feel far away or difficult to grasp. It teaches that even though love may
seem distant, it still has great value and significance.

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 When You Are Old - W.B. Yeats

IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each (FROM QUESTION BANK)
(4 Marks)
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
1. In When You Are Old, how does Yeats use the imagery of aging and reflection to convey (2 Marks Questions)
his message about love and beauty?
Answer: Yeats uses the imagery of aging and reflection to highlight the contrast between 1. When according to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ will the lady be ‘gray and full of
superficial and profound love. By imagining someone old and tired, reading a book and sleep’?
reflecting on their past, Yeats underscores how true love appreciates more than just Answer: The lady will be ‘gray and full of sleep’ when she is old and nearing the end of her
physical beauty. The poem suggests that, in old age, one should recognize and value the life.
deeper, inner qualities that true love cherishes—qualities that transcend temporary
physical appearances and are often overlooked. 2. Who according to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ will be ‘nodding by the fire’?
Answer: The speaker imagines the lady, now old, ‘nodding by the fire’ as she reflects on
2. How does the poem’s portrayal of the "pilgrim soul" contribute to its overall theme her past.
about the nature of genuine love?
Answer: The portrayal of the "pilgrim soul" in the poem contributes to its theme by 3. What does the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ want his beloved to do sitting by the fire?
emphasizing that genuine love is not limited to physical attributes or fleeting moments of Answer: The speaker wants his beloved to take down the book, read it slowly, and dream
happiness. Instead, it focuses on appreciating and understanding a person’s inner self, about how her eyes and their shadows looked when she was younger.
which endures beyond external changes. This concept reinforces the idea that true love
values and connects with the deep, spiritual journey of a person’s life, rather than merely 4. What does the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ suggest to his beloved to dream of?
their external qualities. Answer: The speaker suggests that his beloved should dream of the ‘soft look’ her eyes
had in the past and of the shadows that were deep in them.
3. What does the imagery of "love fled" and "pacing upon the mountains overhead" reveal
about the speaker’s view on the nature of love? 5. According to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’, what did many admire the lady for?
Answer: The imagery of "love fled" and "pacing upon the mountains overhead" reveals the Answer: Many admired the lady for her physical beauty and moments of grace.
speaker’s view that love can become distant and elusive over time. By depicting love as
having retreated to an unreachable place, the poem suggests that genuine love might not 6. Who according to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ loved the beloved’s pilgrim soul?
always be immediately accessible or visible but remains a profound and valuable Answer: According to the speaker, he himself loved the beloved’s pilgrim soul.
experience. This imagery reflects the transient nature of physical beauty and the enduring,
though sometimes distant, essence of true love. 7. Whose pilgrim soul did the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ love?
Answer: The speaker loved his own beloved’s pilgrim soul.
4. In what ways does the poem's reflection on past love encourage readers to think about
their own relationships and experiences? 8. What did the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ love besides the pilgrim soul?
Answer: The poem encourages readers to reflect on their own relationships by contrasting Answer: Besides the pilgrim soul, the speaker loved the sorrows of the beloved’s changing
fleeting physical attraction with deeper, lasting emotional connections. It prompts readers face.
to consider how they value others in their lives, urging them to appreciate the inner
qualities and personal journeys of those they love. By emphasizing that true love 9. Who according to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ fled and hid his face?
transcends physical appearances and is rooted in understanding and empathy, the poem Answer: According to the speaker, Love fled and hid his face.
inspires readers to cultivate more meaningful and enduring relationships.
10. Where according to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ did love pace upon?
Answer: According to the speaker, Love paced upon the mountains overhead.

11. What according to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ did love hide amid a crowd of
stars?
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 When You Are Old - W.B. Yeats
Answer: According to the speaker, Love hid his face amid a crowd of stars. Answer: In When You Are Old, Yeats explores the contrast between the fleeting nature of
physical beauty and the enduring nature of true love. The poem reflects on how physical
12. Where according to the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ did love hide his face? beauty fades with age, as represented by the imagery of growing old and becoming "gray
Answer: According to the speaker, Love hid his face among the stars, which symbolize the and full of sleep." This transient quality of beauty is contrasted with the speaker’s love,
vast and unreachable aspects of love. which is depicted as enduring and deeply rooted in the beloved's inner self. The speaker’s
love is not based on her physical appearance but on her true essence and emotional
experiences. The poem suggests that while external beauty is temporary, true love, which
IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each appreciates and values a person's inner qualities and experiences, remains constant and
(4 Marks) significant, transcending the changes that come with time.
1. What does the speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ suggest to his beloved to reflect upon?
Answer: In the poem When You Are Old, the speaker suggests that his beloved should 5. ‘When You Are Old’ makes the ‘beloved’ look back on her youth. Discuss.
reflect upon her past as she grows old. He advises her to take down a book, read it slowly, Answer: In When You Are Old, the speaker encourages the beloved to look back on her
and remember the soft look of her eyes and the deep shadows they once held. This youth as she grows old. He suggests that when she is gray and tired, she should take down
reflection should also include recognizing how many people admired her for her physical a book and slowly read it while reflecting on her past. The poem highlights the contrast
beauty and joyful moments. Importantly, the speaker wants her to remember that only between her youthful appearance and her current state, prompting her to remember the
one person—him—truly loved her for her inner self and the sorrows that came with her way her eyes once looked and how many people admired her beauty. This reflection
changing face. This reflection is meant to highlight the enduring value of true love over serves to emphasize the fleeting nature of physical beauty and the lasting significance of
superficial admiration. true love, which the speaker had for her inner self and emotional depth.

2. How does the speaker contrast his love with that of many others in ‘When You Are Old’? 6. The speaker in ‘When You Are Old’ is not addressing an old lady. Explain.
Answer: The speaker contrasts his love with that of many others by emphasizing the Answer: The speaker in When You Are Old is indeed addressing an old lady, but the poem's
difference between superficial admiration and deep, enduring affection. Many people message is meant to reflect on the beloved's past from the perspective of her old age.
loved the beloved for her physical beauty and her moments of happiness. In contrast, the Although the speaker addresses her as an elderly woman who is reflecting on her past, the
speaker's love was unique because it was not based on her external appearance but on her purpose is to convey the enduring nature of true love and the contrast between superficial
inner self—the "pilgrim soul"—and the emotional depth she experienced. He loved not admiration and genuine affection. The poem uses this future perspective to highlight how,
only her enduring inner qualities but also the sorrows of her changing face. This contrast despite the passage of time and changes in physical appearance, the deeper, more
highlights the depth and authenticity of his love compared to the more transient and meaningful aspects of love remain significant.
superficial affections of others.
7. Whose love in ‘When You Are Old’ is immortal? How does the poem present this?
3. How does the poem ‘When You Are Old’ distinguish the speaker’s love from that of Answer: In When You Are Old, the speaker’s love is presented as immortal. The poem
others? conveys this through the contrast between the fleeting nature of physical beauty and the
Answer: The poem distinguishes the speaker’s love from that of others by focusing on the enduring quality of true love. While many admired the beloved for her external beauty and
inner qualities and emotional experiences rather than physical attributes. While many joyful moments, the speaker's love is described as profound and lasting because it
people loved the beloved for her external beauty and joyful moments, the speaker's love appreciates her inner self and emotional experiences. The poem highlights that while
was rooted in a deeper understanding of her true self. He valued her "pilgrim soul"—her physical beauty fades with time, the speaker’s love, which values the beloved’s inner
inner journey and emotional depth—over her physical appearance. The speaker’s love is qualities and life’s journey, remains constant and enduring. This idea is emphasized by the
portrayed as enduring and profound, appreciating the beloved's inner essence and the speaker’s reflection on how only he truly loved her for who she was on the inside, beyond
complexities of her life, which sets it apart from the more superficial love of others who her physical appearance.
admired her beauty alone.

4. ‘When You Are Old’ brings out the transient nature of beauty and permanence of love.
Explain.

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 The Gardener P. Lankesh
KEY WORDS II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
(2 Marks Questions)
1. Old Man 7. Basavaiah 13. Art
1. Who were Tammanna and Basavaiah in the story, and what was the nature of their
2. Coconut Grove 8. Rivalry 14. Fame relationship?
3. Chennarayapatna 9. Land Acquisition 15. Death Answer: Tammanna and Basavaiah were rivals who competed to outdo each other in land
4. Labourer 10. Ballads 16. America & Russia ownership and fame.
5. Philosopher 11. Wealth 17. Revenge
2. What did Tammanna do to overcome Basavaiah when he couldn’t compete with him in
6. Tammanna 12. Vengeance 18. Non-entity wealth?
Answer: Tammanna composed songs and ballads, using his creativity to gain fame and surpass
MAJOR THEMES Basavaiah.

1. Rivalry and Jealousy: The story explores how rivalry, particularly between 3. How did Basavaiah react when Tammanna’s songs made him famous?
Tammanna and Basavaiah, leads to extreme competition and shapes their lives. Answer: Basavaiah tried to compete by accumulating more wealth and inviting scholars to his
house, but he still felt defeated.
2. Revenge and Vengeance: The theme of revenge drives much of the narrative, with
4. Why did Tammanna decide to leave everything behind, and what happened to Basavaiah
both characters living to outdo and destroy each other, symbolizing the destructive after that?
nature of vengeance. Answer: Tammanna thought his death would be the ultimate revenge, and after he left,
Basavaiah lost the will to live and died.
3. Wealth and Materialism: The accumulation of land and wealth plays a significant
role in the story, showing how materialism can dominate lives and lead to personal 5. What does the old man tell the owner's wife about human nature and revenge?
emptiness. Answer: The old man explains that humans often live for revenge or competition, and this
drives many of their actions in life.
4. The Power of Art: Tammanna's use of ballads to outshine Basavaiah highlights the
6. Where did the old man meet the owner's wife in the story?
theme of art as a tool for power and transcendence, representing a shift from material
Answer: The old man met the owner's wife near the well in the garden, where he brought
to intellectual or creative dominance.
down tender coconuts for her.

5. Human Nature and Conflict: The story delves into the complexities of human nature, 7. Why did the old man say he came to the garden and stayed there?
particularly the need for conflict, competition, and the drive for personal victory over Answer: The old man came to the garden after walking many miles, and the owner needed
others. someone like him, so he stayed to work there.

6. Identity and Legacy: The loss of identity over time, as seen in the old man’s 8. How did Tammanna and Basavaiah's rivalry begin in the story?
transformation from a famous poet to a forgotten gardener, is a key theme that Answer: Their rivalry began with them competing to buy more land and gain more friends than
questions the lasting impact of one's actions and reputation. each other.

9. What did Tammanna do when Basavaiah took over his land?

7. The Futility of Competition: Through the rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah,
Answer: Tammanna started composing and singing ballads about their rivalry instead of
the story highlights the futility of excessive competition, as both characters ultimately fighting back directly.
face personal loss and emptiness.
10. What realization did Tammanna come to about defeating Basavaiah in the end?
8. Death and Resolution: The theme of death is portrayed as the ultimate end of Answer: Tammanna realized that only by leaving everything behind, and through death, could
competition, with Tammanna choosing to leave his rivalry behind, leading to he completely end his rivalry with Basavaiah.
Basavaiah's downfall.
SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 The Gardener P. Lankesh
11. How does the rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah show the impact of competition
on relationships? 6. What was the significance of the old man in the garden, and how did he contribute to the
Answer: The rivalry shows that excessive competition can lead to jealousy, conflict, and plantation?
ultimately harm both individuals, as seen in Tammanna and Basavaiah's destructive Answer: The old man played a vital role in the garden by improving its productivity and
relationship. stopping theft. He was skilled in agriculture and connected well with the workers, making him
an essential figure in managing the plantation efficiently.
12. What lesson about human nature does the old man share with the owner’s wife?
Answer: The old man explains that humans often live for competition and revenge, which can 7. Why did the owner’s wife feel conflicted about the changes brought by the old man?
drive their actions and complicate their lives, even when other needs like wealth and success Answer: The owner’s wife felt conflicted because, although her husband became wealthier and
are fulfilled. more successful after the old man’s arrival, his personality changed. He became lazy and
distant, which led her to question whether the old man’s influence was truly beneficial.
III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each
(3 Marks) 8. How did Tammanna and Basavaiah first start competing with each other, and what methods
did they use?
1. Why did Tammanna and Basavaiah’s rivalry grow so intense, and what did they do to Answer: Tammanna and Basavaiah began competing by trying to outdo each other in acquiring
compete with each other? land and followers. They bought more land and sought to gain public admiration. Their rivalry
Answer: Tammanna and Basavaiah's rivalry intensified as they tried to outdo each other by grew more intense over time.
acquiring land and followers. When Basavaiah took over Tammanna's land, Tammanna
responded by composing songs to showcase his superiority, shifting their competition from 9. What effect did Tammanna’s ballads have on Basavaiah and their rivalry?
material wealth to fame and reputation. Answer: Tammanna’s ballads, which described Basavaiah’s cruelty, gained him fame and
recognition. This made Basavaiah feel powerless because he could not compete with
2. What change did the arrival of the old man bring to the plantation, and how did the owner's Tammanna’s creative influence, even as he tried to amass more wealth to outdo him.
wife feel about it?
Answer: The old man’s arrival improved the plantation’s income, ended thefts, and made life 10. How did Basavaiah react when he heard that Tammanna was ill, and why did he think this
easier for the owner. However, the wife was unsure if his influence was good or bad, as her would help him win?
husband became wealthier but also more distant and involved in unhealthy activities. Answer: Basavaiah thought that Tammanna’s illness would give him an advantage, as he
believed Tammanna’s decline in health would weaken him. He saw Tammanna’s suffering as a
3. How did Tammanna finally decide to end his rivalry with Basavaiah, and what happened way to regain his superiority in their rivalry.
after he left?
Answer: Tammanna decided that death was the only way to end the rivalry. He left everything 11. How did the old man’s presence change the way the garden was run?
behind, believing his absence would destroy Basavaiah. Shortly after, Basavaiah died because Answer: The old man’s presence improved the garden’s management by stopping thefts and
he lost his reason to live without the competition, showing how deeply the rivalry affected increasing income. His knowledge of agriculture and ability to connect with workers made him
them. valuable, leading to a more efficiently run plantation and a noticeable change in the owner’s
lifestyle.
4. What does the old man’s story tell us about the nature of revenge and its role in human life?
Answer: The old man’s story shows that revenge can drive people to devote their entire lives to 12. What was the old man’s reaction to the owner’s wife’s worries about her husband?
competition, often leading to destruction and emptiness. Both Tammanna and Basavaiah’s lives Answer: The old man understood the owner’s wife’s worries and shared a story about his past
were consumed by their need to outdo each other, highlighting how revenge can take over a to explain how human nature often leads to conflict and competition. He offered her insight
person’s purpose in life. into the complexities of life and the impact of rivalry on personal happiness.

5. How does the story illustrate the idea that wealth and power do not bring true happiness or 13. How did Tammanna’s decision to compose ballads affect his rivalry with Basavaiah?
fulfilment? Answer: Tammanna's decision to compose ballads shifted the focus of the rivalry from material
Answer: The story illustrates that despite Basavaiah’s wealth and material success, he wealth to fame and reputation. His songs gained him public attention and made it difficult for
remained unhappy because he couldn’t surpass Tammanna in fame. This demonstrates that Basavaiah to compete effectively.
wealth and power do not guarantee happiness, as Basavaiah’s life felt meaningless without his
rivalry with Tammanna to give it purpose.
SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 The Gardener P. Lankesh
14. What changes occurred in the plantation owner’s lifestyle after the old man started
working in the garden? 4. In the old man’s story, how did the obsession with revenge ultimately affect Tammanna and
Answer: After the old man started working in the garden, the plantation owner became Basavaiah’s lives? Describe the outcomes.
wealthier and less involved in the daily operations. He became more focused on enjoying his Answer: The obsession with revenge deeply affected both Tammanna and Basavaiah, leading
wealth, which caused concern for his wife. to destructive consequences. Tammanna’s life was consumed by his need to outdo Basavaiah,
and his eventual decision to leave everything behind was driven by his desire for ultimate
15. What role did the old man play when he arrived at the garden, and how did he help revenge. Basavaiah, meanwhile, tried to surpass Tammanna through wealth but became
improve the plantation? increasingly empty and defeated. Their fixation on revenge overshadowed their happiness and
Answer: The old man became a valuable asset to the plantation. He used his knowledge of well-being, leading to personal dissatisfaction and Basavaiah’s demise.
agriculture to improve the care of the coconut trees and prevent thefts. This led to increased 5. Describe how the old man’s story about Tammanna and Basavaiah reveals their rivalry and
productivity and higher income for the plantation owner. its impact. What were the main events, and how did they affect the characters?
Answer: The old man’s story reveals that Tammanna and Basavaiah were intense rivals,
16. Describe the initial reaction of the plantation owner’s wife to the old man’s arrival and the competing to acquire more land and gain more followers. Tammanna responded to Basavaiah’s
changes he brought. actions by composing ballads that made him famous, while Basavaiah tried to counteract this
Answer: Initially, the plantation owner's wife was unsure about the old man. She noticed that by accumulating wealth and inviting scholars to his home. Their rivalry led to personal
her husband became less involved in the plantation's affairs and more focused on enjoying his unhappiness and conflict. Tammanna’s fame grew, while Basavaiah felt humiliated and
wealth. She wondered if the old man's influence was positive or negative. ultimately died after Tammanna left, showing how their competition had a profound and
negative impact on both their lives.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each 6. How did the old man’s presence in the garden change the dynamics of the plantation and the
(4 Marks) lives of the owner and his wife? What were the visible effects?
1. How did the old man’s arrival affect the way the plantation was run and the owner’s Answer: The old man’s presence brought significant changes to the plantation. He improved its
lifestyle? Explain the changes that occurred. productivity by managing it better and stopping thefts. The owner’s income increased, and the
Answer: The old man’s arrival led to improved management of the plantation by ending thefts plantation expanded. However, these changes had mixed effects: while the owner became
and increasing income due to his agricultural skills. As a result, the plantation expanded, and wealthier and more influential, he also became lazy and detached. His wife noticed these
the owner’s lifestyle changed dramatically—he became wealthier and more socially prominent. changes and felt uncertain about whether the old man’s influence was ultimately good or bad
However, this also made the owner lazy and less involved in hard work, which created for their lives, leading to a complex situation at home.
problems in his personal life and relationships, showing how the old man’s influence brought
both positive and negative changes. 7. Explain how Tammanna’s decision to use ballads as a means to address his rivalry with
Basavaiah impacted their competition. What was the result for both characters?
2. What were Tammanna’s and Basavaiah’s main methods of competing with each other, and Answer: Tammanna’s decision to use ballads shifted their rivalry from a physical competition to
how did these methods affect their lives? a contest of public perception. By singing ballads that highlighted his own virtues and criticized
Answer: Tammanna and Basavaiah competed primarily through acquiring land and gaining Basavaiah, Tammanna gained fame and admiration, putting Basavaiah at a disadvantage.
followers. Tammanna used ballads to highlight his superiority and criticize Basavaiah, which Basavaiah, unable to compete with Tammanna’s artistic success, focused on accumulating
earned him fame and admiration. Basavaiah, on the other hand, tried to outdo Tammanna by wealth but remained unhappy and defeated. This change in strategy ultimately deepened their
accumulating wealth and inviting scholars. This competition led to both men becoming rivalry and led to personal dissatisfaction for both characters.
increasingly obsessed and unhappy, as their rivalry consumed their lives and created lasting
personal conflicts. 8. What lesson does the old man’s story about Tammanna and Basavaiah teach us about the
consequences of obsession with competition and revenge? How did this affect the characters'
3. What was the impact of Tammanna’s decision to use art and ballads instead of physical lives?
conflict to deal with Basavaiah? How did it affect both characters? Answer: The old man’s story teaches that obsession with competition and revenge can lead to
Answer: Tammanna’s decision to use art and ballads allowed him to handle his rivalry with negative consequences, such as personal unhappiness and destructive behaviour. Tammanna
Basavaiah in a creative and non-violent way. This method helped Tammanna gain fame and and Basavaiah’s intense rivalry consumed their lives, causing them to focus solely on outdoing
public support, while Basavaiah felt powerless against Tammanna’s growing reputation. The each other. This obsession led to Tammanna’s eventual departure and Basavaiah’s demise,
use of art as a weapon shifted the nature of their conflict from physical competition to a battle showing that such fixations can overshadow happiness and well-being, ultimately leading to a
of reputation, impacting both characters' lives by intensifying their obsession with each other. troubled and unfulfilled life for both characters.
SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 The Gardener P. Lankesh
14. When did Basavaiah find the means of surpassing Tammanna in ‘The Gardener’?
(FROM QUESTION BANK) Answer: Basavaiah found the means of surpassing Tammanna when he learned that Tammanna
was ill.
1. Where did the narrator of ‘The Gardener’ meet the old man by chance?
Answer: The narrator met the old man by chance in a coconut grove near Chennarayapatna. 15. Whose disease was Basavaiah’s health according to the narrator of ‘The Gardener’?
Answer: According to the narrator, Basavaiah’s health was Tammanna’s disease.
2. Where was the coconut grove in which the narrator of ‘The Gardener’ met an old man?
Answer: The coconut grove was near Chennarayapatna. 16. When would Basavaiah go on offering stiff competition according to Tammanna in ‘The
Gardener’?
3. What was tucked under the old man’s arm when the narrator of ‘The Gardener’ met him? Answer: Basavaiah would go on offering stiff competition as long as Tammanna was alive and
Answer: A newspaper was tucked under the old man’s arm. healthy.

4. Who became lethargic after the arrival of the old man in ‘The Gardener’? 17. When, according to the narrator of ‘The Gardener’, does man lose his name?
Answer: The plantation owner became lethargic after the arrival of the old man. Answer: According to the narrator, man loses his name after a particular age.

5. Who became apprehensive about the plantation owner’s vices in ‘The Gardener’? 18. According to the old man, when did he conceive the story of Tammanna and Basavaiah?
Answer: The plantation owner’s wife became apprehensive about his vices. Answer: The old man conceived the story of Tammanna and Basavaiah when he was reading
the newspaper and reflecting on human nature.
6. Whom did Tammanna treat as the most important among all his possessions in ‘The
Gardener’? 19. Who thought his death alone could destroy Basavaiah in ‘The Gardener’?
Answer: Tammanna treated his rival Basavaiah as the most important among all his Answer: Tammanna thought his death alone could destroy Basavaiah.
possessions.
20. When did Basavaiah pass away according to Tammanna in ‘The Gardener’?
7. Whose name is said to be Sangoji and later corrected as Basavaiah in ‘The Gardener’? Answer: According to Tammanna, Basavaiah passed away shortly after Tammanna left.
Answer: The name said to be Sangoji and later corrected as Basavaiah is Tammanna’s rival.
21. When according to Tammanna did he forget all his songs and ballads in ‘The Gardener’?
8. How many acres of Tammanna’s land did Basavaiah acquire forcibly in ‘The Gardener’? Answer: Tammanna forgot all his songs and ballads after Basavaiah’s death.
Answer: Basavaiah acquired two hundred acres of Tammanna’s land forcibly.
22. Who says he avenged himself by becoming a non-entity in ‘The Gardener’?
9. Who hit upon the idea of composing and singing ballads in ‘The Gardener’? Answer: The old man says he avenged himself by becoming a non-entity.
Answer: Tammanna hit upon the idea of composing and singing ballads.
23. Who according to Tammanna the old man, is not amenable to any advice in ‘The
10. Whose cruelty and meanness did Tammanna’s songs make a mention of in ‘The Gardener’? Gardener’?
Answer: Tammanna’s songs made mention of Basavaiah’s cruelty and meanness. Answer: According to the old man, the plantation owner is not amenable to any advice.

11. Who was felicitated as the best poet of his times in ‘The Gardener’? 24. How long does man go on living for some revenge according to the old man in ‘The
Answer: Tammanna was felicitated as the best poet of his times. Gardener’?
Answer: According to the old man, man goes on living for some revenge till the day of his
12. Who appointed a number of persons to praise him in ‘The Gardener’? death.
Answer: Basavaiah appointed a number of persons to praise him.
25. Who paints well according to the old man in ‘The Gardener’?
13. Whose palatial mansion looked dull and empty without Tammanna’s books in ‘The Answer: According to the old man, the young child Lokya paints well.
Gardener’?
Answer: Basavaiah’s palatial mansion looked dull and empty without Tammanna’s books.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 The Gardener P. Lankesh
IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each
(4 Marks)
6. The arrival of the old man to the garden caused both good and bad things. How is this
1. How did the plantation owner’s lifestyle change after the arrival of the old man in ‘The brought out in ‘The Gardener’?
Gardener’? Answer: The arrival of the old man to the garden brought both positive and negative changes.
Answer: After the old man’s arrival, the plantation owner's lifestyle changed significantly. The On the positive side, the old man’s expertise improved the garden’s productivity, ended petty
old man’s effective management led to increased productivity and income from the plantation. thefts, and increased the plantation’s income, leading to the owner's financial success and
As a result, the owner became wealthier and more socially prominent. However, these changes expansion. However, on the negative side, the owner became lethargic and overly focused on
also made him lethargic and less involved in the daily work of the plantation. His newfound his newfound status, which led to potential moral decline and discontent in his personal life.
wealth and status led to a more extravagant and less meaningful lifestyle, which ultimately This dual impact illustrates how the old man’s presence created a complex situation with mixed
caused tension and uncertainty in his personal life. outcomes.

2. Why did the plantation owner’s wife find it hard to decide whether the old man’s arrival was 7. The rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah started moving from the visible to the
for the better or worse in ‘The Gardener’? invisible domain. Explain.
Answer: The plantation owner’s wife found it difficult to decide whether the old man’s arrival Answer: Initially, Tammanna and Basavaiah’s rivalry was characterized by visible competition,
was beneficial or detrimental because, while the old man’s expertise improved the plantation’s such as acquiring land and gaining social status. However, as their conflict intensified,
profitability and status, it also led to negative changes in her husband’s behaviour. He became Tammanna shifted the rivalry to an invisible domain by using ballads to undermine Basavaiah’s
lazy and increasingly involved in social activities, raising concerns about potential vices and reputation. Tammanna’s songs, which highlighted Basavaiah’s flaws and cruelty, transformed
moral decline. The contrast between the tangible benefits and the intangible, possibly harmful their competition from a tangible struggle into a battle of public perception and artistic
changes created confusion and ambivalence about the old man’s impact. influence. This shift demonstrates how rivalry can evolve from physical to psychological and
cultural arenas.
3. How did Tammanna and Basavaiah manage their rivalry in the beginning in ‘The Gardener’?
Answer: Initially, Tammanna and Basavaiah managed their rivalry through competitive means 8. Man goes on living for some revenge. How is this presented in ‘The Gardener’?
such as acquiring land and gaining followers. They engaged in what appeared to be healthy Answer: In "The Gardener," the theme of living for revenge is vividly portrayed through the
competition, each trying to outdo the other in terms of land ownership and social influence. characters of Tammanna and Basavaiah. Tammanna’s life became consumed by his desire to
However, this competition gradually escalated as they both sought to surpass each other in surpass and outshine Basavaiah, leading him to use his artistic talents to craft ballads that
every possible way, leading to an increasingly intense and destructive rivalry. criticized his rival. Similarly, Basavaiah’s actions, such as acquiring more land and wealth, were
motivated by his need to counteract Tammanna’s successes. The narrative suggests that both
4. Explain the invisible means by which Tammanna decided to destroy Basavaiah in ‘The characters were driven by their need for revenge, which overshadowed their personal
Gardener’. fulfilment and led to their eventual downfall.
Answer: Tammanna decided to use an invisible and intangible means to destroy Basavaiah by
composing and singing ballads that depicted Basavaiah’s cruelty and shortcomings. This artistic 9. Rivalry can make one both aggressive and reflective. How does Tammanna’s narrative in ‘The
approach allowed Tammanna to tarnish Basavaiah’s reputation and gain public favor without Gardener’ prove this?
resorting to physical confrontation. By focusing on spreading his own fame through his songs, Answer: Tammanna’s narrative demonstrates how rivalry can make one both aggressive and
Tammanna effectively undermined Basavaiah’s status and influence, illustrating the power of reflective. On the aggressive side, Tammanna’s rivalry with Basavaiah led him to engage in
art and public perception in their rivalry. competitive actions, such as acquiring more land and composing critical ballads to damage
Basavaiah’s reputation. This aggressive stance aimed to assert his superiority. On the reflective
5. What did Basavaiah do to invest his home with meaning in ‘The Gardener’? Explain. side, Tammanna’s use of ballads and his eventual contemplation of Basavaiah’s death reveal a
Answer: To invest his home with meaning, Basavaiah tried to counteract the emptiness he felt deeper reflection on the nature of revenge and human behaviour. Tammanna’s story
due to Tammanna’s absence. He constructed a grand mansion, filled it with luxurious underscores how rivalry can provoke both confrontational and contemplative responses.
decorations, and appointed people to praise him. Despite these efforts, his home remained dull
and lacked substance without the presence of Tammanna’s influential works. Basavaiah’s
actions highlight his attempt to fill the void created by his rivalry with Tammanna and show
how material wealth and external validation could not replace true artistic or personal
fulfilment.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 To the Foot from its Child- Pablo Neruda
Imageries
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES 1. Butterfly or an apple – Vivid images of lightness and growth, representing the child’s
initial aspirations.
1. Stand on one's own feet 15. Eyeless reptiles 2. Stones, bits of glass, streets, ladders, and rough earth – These images evoke a harsh,
2. Brave heart 16. Tiny, petaled toes unforgiving world that the foot must navigate, symbolizing life's challenges.
3. In cold blood 17. Callused 3. Living in a shoe – The image of the foot confined in a shoe suggests a dark,
restricted space, symbolizing the constraints of adulthood.
4. Take to one's heel 18. Volcanoes of death
4. Darkness – The recurring imagery of darkness symbolizes ignorance, limitation, and
5. Child's foot 19. Coarsening the absence of freedom.
6. Butterfly 20. Walks without respite 5. Hard as horn – The nails of the foot turning hard like horn represents the physical
7. Apple 21. Fields, mines, markets, and ministries and emotional hardening that comes with age.
8. Stones and bits of glass 22. Scarcely taking time to bare itself 6. Eyeless reptiles with triangular heads – A striking image comparing toes to reptiles,
9. Paths in the rough earth 23. In love or sleep conveying distortion and loss of beauty over time.
7. Volcanoes of death – The callused foot resembling volcanoes give an image of
10. Cannot fly 24. Descended underground
roughness and decay, emphasizing the toll life takes on the body.
11. Prisoner condemned to live in a shoe 25. Everything was dark 8. Walking through fields, mines, markets, and ministries – A series of images
12. Dark 26. Burying representing the various paths of life, from nature to labour, commerce, and
13. Blind man 27. Fly governance.
14. Hard as horn 28. Become an apple 9. Foot descending underground – The final image of the foot descending into
darkness reflects death and the return to the earth.
Metaphors
1. The child's foot wanting to be a butterfly or an apple – This metaphor expresses the II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences
innocent desires of the foot (or child) to be free, light, and full of potential. (2 Marks Questions)
2. Stones, bits of glass, streets, and ladders teaching the foot – Life’s hardships 1. What does the child's foot want to be at first?
Answer: The child's foot wants to be a butterfly or an apple, symbolizing its desire for
symbolized by physical objects, teaching the foot (child) its limitations.
freedom and lightness.
3. The foot as a prisoner condemned to live in a shoe – The shoe represents the
restrictions of adult life, confining the free and playful foot (child). 2. Why does the child's foot learn that it cannot fly or be a fruit?
4. Tiny petaled toes transforming into eyeless reptiles with triangular heads – The once Answer: The foot learns this because it faces obstacles like stones, streets, and rough paths
delicate toes are metaphorically described as turning into something hard, deformed, that teach it about its limitations.
and reptilian, symbolizing the loss of innocence and transformation through
experience. 3. What happens to the child's foot as it grows older?
5. Callused foot covered with faint volcanoes of death – The calluses are compared to Answer: As the foot grows older, it becomes hard, callused, and loses its softness,
volcanoes, symbolizing wear, decay, and the impact of life’s burdens. symbolizing the hardships of life.
6. Blind thing walking without respite – The foot is metaphorically described as blind, 4. Why is the foot compared to a prisoner?
unaware, trudging through life without stopping, symbolizing the relentless forward Answer: The foot is compared to a prisoner because it is trapped inside a shoe, much like
march of time. how people become confined by life's responsibilities.
7. Burying the foot underground so it could fly or become an apple – Even in death,
the foot wonders whether it will be set free (like flying) or transformed into something 5. What does the poet mean by the foot being "blind"?
new (like an apple). Answer: The foot being "blind" means it walks through life without knowing its final
destination or purpose, symbolizing the uncertainties of life.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 To the Foot from its Child- Pablo Neruda
6. What does the child's foot desire to become? 2. How does the poet describe the process of the foot's transformation from childhood to
Answer: The child's foot desires to become a butterfly or an apple. adulthood?
Answer: The poet describes the foot's transformation by showing how it starts soft and
7. What challenges does the foot face as it grows? delicate, like petals, but gradually hardens and becomes callused. The foot faces
Answer: The foot faces challenges like stones, streets, and rough paths, which teach it challenges like walking on rough paths, stones, and glass, which represent life's difficulties.
about life’s difficulties. As time passes, the foot loses its softness and becomes rough, much like how people grow
tougher with age. This transformation symbolizes how life's hardships shape us as we grow
8. How does the foot change as it gets older?
older.
Answer: As the foot gets older, it becomes hard and callused, losing its softness.
3. What does the poet mean when he says the foot is a "prisoner condemned to live in a
9. Why is the foot described as being in a "shoe"?
shoe"?
Answer: The foot is described as being in a shoe to show how it becomes confined and
Answer: When the poet says the foot is a "prisoner condemned to live in a shoe," he
limited by life’s struggles.
means that the foot, like a person, becomes confined by the restrictions of life as it grows
10. Where does the foot go when it finally stops walking? older. The shoe represents the limits imposed by society, responsibilities, and the physical
Answer: The foot descends underground, symbolizing death and the end of life. toll life takes on the body. The foot, which once wished to fly and be free, is now trapped
and restricted, just like how people’s dreams and freedoms are often limited by life’s
11. What lesson can we learn from the foot's journey through life? circumstances.
Answer: We learn that life is full of challenges, but we must keep moving forward, even
when things are difficult. 4. Why does the poet describe the foot as "blind," and what does this suggest about the
way people live?
12. How does the poem show the change from childhood to adulthood? Answer: The poet describes the foot as "blind" because it walks through life without seeing
Answer: The poem shows this change by describing how the soft, delicate child’s foot where it is going, symbolizing the uncertainty people face in life. The foot blindly follows a
becomes hard and callused over time, symbolizing the effects of life’s struggles. path, never fully aware of its final destination or purpose. This suggests that people often
move through life without knowing what lies ahead, making choices and decisions without
13. Why is it important for the foot to "stand on its own"? complete understanding, but continuing forward regardless. It reflects the human
Answer: It’s important because standing on one’s own symbolizes independence and the experience of living without fully understanding our future or destiny.
ability to face life’s challenges with strength.
5. Why does the foot stop dreaming of becoming a butterfly or an apple?
14. How does the poet use the image of the foot to reflect human experiences? Answer: The foot stops dreaming of becoming a butterfly or an apple because it faces
Answer: The poet uses the foot to represent how people face obstacles, grow through harsh realities like stones, streets, and rough paths. These challenges teach the foot that it
hardships, and eventually come to terms with life's realities. cannot fly or become a fruit, symbolizing how life's obstacles make us realize our
limitations and let go of childhood dreams.
15. What does the foot being "blind" teach us about facing the future?
Answer: It teaches us that we may not always know what the future holds, but we must 6. How does the foot change physically as it grows older?
keep going with hope and determination. Answer: The foot changes physically by becoming hard, callused, and losing its soft,
petaled-like toes. As it grows older, the once delicate and smooth foot becomes rough and
III. Answer the following questions in about 60 words
hardened, symbolizing how people change and become tough due to the challenges they
(3 Marks)
face throughout life.
1. Why does the child's foot desire to be a butterfly or an apple in the poem?
Answer: In the poem, the child's foot desires to be a butterfly or an apple because it 7. What does the poet mean by the foot walking "without respite"?
symbolizes freedom, lightness, and the endless possibilities that come with childhood Answer: The poet means that the foot walks without stopping, symbolizing how people
dreams. The foot is unaware of the limitations it will face as it grows older. The butterfly continue to work, move, and live without rest. It suggests that life is full of constant
represents the ability to fly and explore, while the apple symbolizes growth and beauty. movement and effort, and people rarely take breaks or time for themselves, even though
This reflects the child's innocent hopes before encountering the realities of life. they are burdened by responsibilities.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 To the Foot from its Child- Pablo Neruda
8. What is the significance of the foot descending "underground" at the end of the poem? 5. What is out of touch with its fellow in the poem, ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
Answer: The foot descending "underground" represents death, symbolizing the end of life. Answer: In the poem, the foot is out of touch with its fellow, meaning it is isolated and
After walking and facing life's challenges, the foot finally stops and returns to the earth, enclosed in its own world, not connected with other parts.
suggesting that death is the final destination for all living beings and the end of the
struggles of life. 6. Who feels out life like a blind man in the poem, ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
Answer: The foot feels out life like a blind man in the poem.
9. How does the poet use the foot to represent life’s journey?
Answer: The poet uses the foot to symbolize life's journey by showing how it starts soft 7. What do the soft nails of the child change themselves into in ‘To the Foot From its
and full of dreams, but faces challenges like stones and rough paths. Over time, the foot Child’?
becomes hard and callused, representing how life’s difficulties shape and change us as we Answer: The soft nails of the child change themselves into a hard, opaque substance, hard
grow older. as horn.

10. What does the poem teach us about facing challenges in life? 8. What are the toes of the child compared to in ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
Answer: The poem teaches us that challenges in life, like the foot facing stones and rough Answer: The toes of the child are compared to eyeless reptiles with triangular heads, like
paths, are unavoidable. It shows that even though life can be difficult and confining, like worms.
the foot in a shoe, we must keep moving forward and adapt to the hardships we
9. What form do the petaled toes take on in ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
encounter.
Answer: The petaled toes take on the form of eyeless reptiles with triangular heads.
11. Why is the foot described as “blind” in the poem, and what does it mean for people?
10. What does the blind thing refer to in ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
Answer: The foot is described as "blind" to show that it continues moving without seeing
Answer: The "blind thing" refers to the foot, which walks through life without seeing or
its path, just like people face life’s challenges without knowing their future. It means that,
knowing its final destination.
despite uncertainty, we must keep walking forward and trust the process, even if we can’t
predict where life will lead. 11. Mention any one of the places through which the foot walks in ‘To the Foot From its
Child’.
12. What lesson can we learn from the foot’s transformation from soft to hard?
Answer: One of the places through which the foot walks is the fields.
Answer: The foot’s transformation from soft to hard teaches us that life’s challenges make
us stronger. Just as the foot becomes callused over time, people grow tougher and more 12. How long does the foot walk in ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
resilient as they face difficulties. It shows that while life can be hard, these experiences Answer: The foot walks without respite, never stopping, hour after hour, throughout its
shape us and help us adapt. life.
FROM QUESTION BANK 13. Where did the foot descend after it ceased to be in ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
1. What according to the speaker is the child’s foot not yet aware of in ‘To the Foot From Answer: After it ceased to be, the foot descended underground.
its Child’?
Answer: According to the speaker, the child’s foot is not yet aware that it is a foot and IV. Answer the following questions in about 100 words each
would like to be something else, like a butterfly or an apple. (4 Marks)
1. How does the poem ‘To the Foot From its Child’ bring out the contrast between illusion and
2. Mention one of the things that the child's foot likes to be in ‘To the Foot From its Child’. reality?
Answer: One of the things the child's foot likes to be is a butterfly. Answer: The poem contrasts illusion and reality by illustrating the child's foot's initial dreams of
being a butterfly or an apple, which symbolize freedom and potential. However, as the foot
3. According to the speaker in ‘To the Foot From its Child’, what would like to be a encounters life's challenges—such as walking on rough paths, stones, and glass—it faces the
butterfly or an apple? harsh reality of physical confinement and hard work. This shift from the foot’s innocent desires
Answer: According to the speaker, the child's foot would like to be a butterfly or an apple. to the reality of adult life highlights the stark difference between youthful fantasies and the
often difficult truths of growing up.
4. Where is the child’s foot condemned to live according to the speaker in ‘To the Foot
From its Child’?
Answer: The child’s foot is condemned to live in a shoe.
SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 To the Foot from its Child- Pablo Neruda
7. ‘To the Foot From its Child’ is a comment on the journey of life. Discuss.
2. What happens to the foot when it is condemned to live in a shoe as presented in ‘To the Foot Answer: “To the Foot From its Child” comments on the journey of life by portraying the foot’s
From its Child’? transformation from childhood innocence to adulthood’s harsh reality. Initially, the foot is soft
Answer: When the foot is condemned to live in a shoe, it becomes confined and restricted. This and full of dreams, wanting to be a butterfly or an apple, symbolizing freedom and potential. As
metaphorical shoe represents the limitations and burdens imposed by adult life, trapping the it encounters life's challenges, such as rough paths and stones, it becomes hardened and
foot and preventing it from realizing its early dreams of flying or being a fruit. The confinement calloused. This change represents how life’s trials shape and confine individuals, reflecting the
in the shoe symbolizes how responsibilities and societal expectations limit personal freedom inevitable process of growing up and facing the reality of adult responsibilities.
and how the foot loses its initial flexibility and freedom as it grows older.
8. Society crushes dreams of individuals and condemns them to live in captivity. Explain with
3. Trace the stages of the foot’s transformation as portrayed in ‘To the Foot From its Child’. reference to ‘To the Foot From its Child’.
Answer: The foot’s transformation begins with its initial state of softness and innocence, where Answer: In “To the Foot From its Child,” society is depicted as crushing dreams and confining
it dreams of being a butterfly or an apple. As it encounters life’s obstacles, such as stones and individuals through the metaphor of the foot being condemned to live in a shoe. Initially, the
rough paths, it becomes hard and callused. Over time, the foot’s once-soft skin turns into a foot dreams of being a butterfly or an apple, representing freedom and potential. However, as
tough, opaque substance. In its later stages, the foot becomes deformed and calloused, it grows, it is restricted by societal expectations and responsibilities, symbolized by the shoe.
reflecting the cumulative impact of life's hardships. Finally, it walks tirelessly until it descends This confinement reflects how societal norms limit personal freedom and dreams, forcing
underground, symbolizing death and the end of its journey. individuals to adapt to roles and conditions imposed by society, thus living in a metaphorical
captivity.
4. Explain the similarity between the foot’s early life and its end as depicted in ‘To the Foot
From its Child’. 9. The poem ‘To the Foot From its Child’ represents the conflict between illusion and reality.
Answer: The similarity between the foot’s early life and its end is seen in the themes of Elaborate.
limitation and confinement. Initially, the foot is confined by its innocence and dreams of Answer: The poem “To the Foot From its Child” vividly represents the conflict between illusion
unattainable things. At the end, it is confined by death and burial underground. Both stages and reality through the journey of the foot. In its early stages, the foot holds illusions of being a
reflect a state of restriction—the early confinement of unfulfilled dreams and the final butterfly or an apple, symbolizing unbounded dreams and possibilities. However, as the foot
confinement in death. This reflects how both youth and old age come with their own forms of encounters life’s challenges—like rough paths and stones—it confronts the harsh reality of
limitations and inevitable constraints. physical limitations and societal constraints. This shift from idealistic dreams to the reality of
confinement and hard work highlights the stark contrast between youthful fantasies and the
5. How does the poem ‘To the Foot From its Child’ bring out the plight of a person dictated by often harsh truths of life.
society? 10. The norms of society control a man just as the foot is enclosed in a shoe. How is this
Answer: The poem illustrates the plight of a person dictated by society through the foot’s depicted in ‘To the Foot From its Child’?
journey from freedom to confinement. The foot starts with dreams and potential but becomes Answer: In “To the Foot From its Child,” the norms of society controlling a man are depicted
restricted by the physical limitations of living in a shoe, symbolizing societal expectations and through the metaphor of the foot being enclosed in a shoe. Initially, the foot is free and dreams
responsibilities. This confinement represents how societal norms and roles constrain personal of boundless possibilities. However, as it grows, it becomes confined within a shoe, symbolizing
freedom and ambitions. The poem shows how individuals are often trapped by societal how societal norms and expectations restrict personal freedom. The shoe represents the
demands, losing their initial dreams and freedom as they conform to prescribed roles and constraints and roles imposed by society, which limit the individual’s potential and freedom,
duties. similar to how the foot’s dreams are suppressed and it is confined by the physical and
metaphorical shoe.
6. Explain the instances that make the child’s foot aware of the obstacles and hardships in ‘To
the Foot From its Child’. 11. The foot is forced to play various roles and shoulder many responsibilities. Explain with
Answer: The child’s foot becomes aware of obstacles and hardships through direct experiences reference to ‘To the Foot From its Child’.
with rough and painful conditions. It encounters stones, bits of glass, and uneven paths that Answer: In “To the Foot From its Child,” the foot is forced to play various roles and shoulder
challenge its earlier, softer state. These harsh experiences teach the foot about its limitations numerous responsibilities, symbolizing the demands of adult life. Initially, the foot is soft and
and the difficulties of life. The once-innocent dreams of flying or being a fruit are replaced by carefree, but as it encounters life's obstacles, it becomes hard and calloused, reflecting how it
the reality of enduring physical pain and confinement, illustrating how life's challenges lead to a takes on the burdens of walking through rough paths and fulfilling responsibilities. The poem
deeper understanding of the world and its hardships. illustrates how, over time, the foot must endure constant movement and labour, representing
the multiple roles and obligations that life imposes on individuals as they grow older.

SUNIL VAIJAPURE, GOVERNMENT PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KAMTHANA, TQ & DIST BIDAR, 9964053601
 GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA SCHOOL EXAMINATION & ASSESSMENT BOARD
MODEL QUESTION PAPER – 1
Class: II Year PUC Academic Year: 2024-25
Subject: ENGLISH 02 Maximum Marks: 80
Time: 3.00 hours Number of questions: 36

Instructions
1. Answer the questions in all the sections.
2. Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
3. Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
4. For multiple choice questions (MCQ’s), choose the correct answer and rewrite it.
5. Answers to the question number 30A (a-i) or 30 B (a-i) should be in sequence and at one place.
6. For question numbers 30, 31, 32 and 36, internal choices are there. Hence, answer either A or B.
7. For Part - A questions, only the first written answers will be considered for evaluation.

PART- A
I. Answer the following questions by choosing the right option. 10x1=10
1. The expression ‘day in night’ in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ refers to _________________.

a) Roseline b) Romeo c) Juliet d) Ethiope

2. What was the initial hitch in executing the criminal in ‘Too Dear’?
a) The King prohibited execution
b) They didn’t have a guillotine and an executioner
c) There was only an executioner but no guillotine
d) There was a guillotine but no executioner
3. The metaphor ‘bows and arrows’ in ‘On Children’ stands for _______________.
a) Parents and Prophets b) Parents and Children c) Parents and Teachers d) Parents and God
4. According to Vandana Shiva, the failure to understand bio-diversity and its many functions is at the root
of _____________.
a) Impoverishment of nature and culture b) Improvement of nature and culture
c) Reconnecting with nature and culture d) Transformation of nature and culture
5. In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Dona Laura used to carry a _________ in her free hand.
a) Hand kerchief b) Snuff box c) Parasol d) packet of Bread Crumbs
6. Complete the following line that appears in poem ‘When You Are Old’, the line
“And hid his face amid ________”.
a) a crowd of stars b) a crowd of people c) a group of people d) a group of trees
7. In the poem ‘To the Foot from it Child’, while descending underground the foot finds everything
__________
a) dark b) rough c) light d) coarse
8. Match the writers from column A with their works in column B with reference to ‘I Believe that Books
will Never Disappear’
A B
(A) Homer (i) The Decline of the West.
(B) Spengler (ii) Fairy Tales
(C) Grimms’ (iii) The Odessey
a) A-iii, B-i, C-ii b) A-ii, B-iii, C-i c) A-i, B-ii, C-iii d) A-iii, B-ii, C-i
1
9. The famous and fast Tokaido Line connect ___________ of Japan.
a) Tokyo and Nara b) Tokyo and Osaka c) Osaka and Nara d) Tokyo and Kyoto
10. Identify the right sequence of activities by Sheela Rani Chunkath in promoting literary drive of
Pudukottai district in ‘Where There Is a Wheel’.
a) got the female activists trained - included mobility as a part of literacy drive - pushed banks to give
loans - monitored personally
b) monitored personally – pushed banks to give loans – got the female activists trained – included
mobility as a part of literacy drive
c) pushed banks to give loans – monitored personally – got the female activists trained – included
mobility as a part of literacy drive
d) included mobility as a part of literacy drive – pushed banks to give loans – monitored personally –
got the female activists trained
11. Fill in the blanks with the passive form of the verb given in the brackets. 3x1=3
Pudukkottai __________________(take) by storm by 1500 female cyclists. The town’s inhabitants
_______________ (stun) by the All Women Cycle Rally. The craze for cycling ______________
(observe) everywhere.
12. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate expressions given in the brackets. 2x1 = 2
(getting out of hand, went along, shied away)
The plantation improved drastically with the arrival of the gardener. The owner became lazy and
____________________ from hard work. He indulged himself in all sorts of vices. The owner’s wife
was worried that their life was gradually____________________.
13. Read the following paragraph and match the pronouns in side A with the nouns / noun phrases in
side B they refer to 5x1=5
It was late evening. Everything was getting dark. I, Joesph, was going home and had rarely gone a
furlong or two when I (a) saw a huge glare which (b) was high above the roofs of the houses. I saw that
Anna’s house was on fire. The fire was huge and tremendous. People who (c) were moving here and
there, were throwing sand and water on it (d). Their (e) faces looked ghastly in the yellow flames.
A (Pronouns) B (Nouns/Noun Phrases)
a) I i) huge glare
b) which ii) people
c) who iii) Joseph
d) it iv) people’s
e) their v) fire
vi) sand and water
PART – B
II. Answer any three of the following questions in one or two sentences each 3x2=6
14. Mention any two expressions that Juliet uses to glorify Romeo’s charm in ‘Romeo and Juliet’.
15. In ‘When You Are Old’, how does the poet want his beloved to read the book of poems?
16. Name the two wishes of the child’s foot in the poem ‘To the Foot from its Child’.
17. Name any two benefits that Roof avails from Marcus Ibe in the short story ‘The Voter’.

III. Answer any four of the following questions in about 60 words each 4x3=12
18. Why was the criminal reluctant to go away from the prison in ‘Too Dear’?
19. Write a note on Navdanya Farm.
20. Dona Laura accuses Don Gonzalo as an ‘ill natured man’ in the beginning of the play ‘A Sunny
Morning’. Give reasons.
21. What are Borges’ views on his mother?
22. Describe the complicated hierarchy of ‘bowing’ in Japan?
2
23. The agony of the Panchamas is effectively brought out in the poem ‘Water’. Explain.

IV. Answer any three of the following questions in about 100 words each 3x4=12
24. Kahlil Gibran’s ‘On Children’ does not focus merely on the lives of children but also talks about the
responsibilities of parents. Discuss.
25. Describe the story of Gonzalo as narrated by himself in ‘A Sunny Morning’.
26. How did Tammanna avenge himself in the story ‘The Gardener’?
27. ‘The beauty in nature makes earth a heavenly place’. Illustrate this statement with reference to ‘Heaven,
if you are not here on Earth’.
28. ‘Roof’s breach of trust has no excuse’. Justify this statement with reference to the story ‘The Voter’.
29. How did cycling help to improve the economic status of women in ‘Where There is a Wheel’?
PART – C
V. 30. A. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it 9x1=9
This story is about a wedding feast and an elderly cook. My wife and I were attending my school- mate’s
wedding. The wedding is a grand affair with music, dance and a lavish feast.
While the food is being served on the plantain leaf, I have this habit of asking only food items that I want
to eat to be served, while politely refusing other food items. So generally, when the meal is over, my leaf
will be the cleanest (as if no food has been served or eaten), as good as a new leaf.
While the wedding dinner was in progress and I was thoroughly relishing the feast, from the corner of
my eye, I could see and hear some whispers among the serving staff. As I continued with the delicious
meal, I could see and hear some whispers among the serving staff and clearing staff looking at my
plantain leaf and commenting internally, much to the obvious discomfort of my spouse. When I finished
my meal, my leaf was as clean as it was at the beginning of the meal.
As I walked up to wash my hand, an elderly man walked up to me with his hands folded, his eyes filled
with tears, and thanked me. I was a bit startled, and I asked him why he thanked me. He mentioned that
he was the head cook and had been cooking for the last five decades, and he had never seen anyone’s
leaf after meal so clear, not wasting anything, and also who relished his meal so well. He mentioned that
he had attained the fulfilment or success of his life’s purpose and a meaning to his decades of cooking.
It had a profound effect on me, as I am also a trained chef. God resides in food; the one who eats is God,
and what you are eating is also a god.
According to the United Nations, about 25000 people, including more than 10000 children, die from
hunger and related cause daily across the globes that is, approximately 17 people die from hunger each
minute. It is important to teach our children and the next generation the importance of food and how not
to waste it, even though we can afford it.
Today I am very happy that my kids and wife follow mindful eating at social functions, and after the
meal, we proudly flaunt our leaves, not closed but open, to show that we haven’t wasted a single morsel
of food. Let’s start the open leaf policy!
a. What is the profession of narrator in this story?
b. Mention any one of the habits the narrator have while the food is being served.
c. What happened while the wedding dinner was in progress?
d. Why did the elderly man thank the narrator?
e. The elderly man who thanked the narrator was_________________
i.a rich man
ii.a serving staff
iii.a head cook
[Link] officer of UN
3
 f. How many people die from hunger each minute in a day across the globe?
g. According to narrator, we have to teach our children about _________________
i. not to waste plantain leaf
ii. not to disrespect food
iii. types of food
iv. maintain quality in food
h. Which word in the passage means ‘a period of ten years’?
i. Write the antonym of the word ‘obvious’.
OR
B. Read the following poem and answer the questions set on it 9x1=9

Home They Brought Her Warrior Dead

by Alfred Tennyson

Home they brought her warrior dead:

She nor swoon'd nor utter'd cry:
All her maidens, watching, said,
"She must weep or she will die."

Then they praised him, soft and low,

Call'd him worthy to be loved,
Truest friend and noblest foe;
Yet she neither spoke nor moved.

Stole a maiden from her place,

Lightly to the warrior stepped,
Took the face-cloth from the face;
Yet she neither moved nor wept.

Rose a nurse of ninety years,

Set his child upon her knee—
Like summer tempest came her tears—
"Sweet my child, I live for thee."

a. How did the warrior,s wife react when her husband was brought dead?
b. How did the warrior’s wife react when she saw face of her husband?
c. What did the maidens say looking at the warrior’s wife?
d. Where was the warrior brought dead?
e. How old was the nurse?
f. What did the warrior’s wife say at last?
g. What are the warrior’s wife’s tears compared to?
h. Which word in the poem is the antonym of ‘friend’?
i. Complete the analogy: low : foe :: cry : _______

4
 PART – D
31. A. Rewrite as directed 4×1=4
i. In an interview _______________candidate was asked about his native place.
(Use proper article)
ii. plays/ democracy/ an important/ in /role/ the media
(Rearrange the following segments into a meaningful sentence)
iii. The number of dropouts_____________________ (was/were) quite large.
(Choose the right verb that agrees with the subject)
iv. One day a wolf ____________________ (be, drink) water from a stream to quench its thirst.
(Use appropriate form of verb)
OR
B. Fill in the blanks with right linkers 1x4=4
(because, then, thus, after)
Butter-making begins with the cow. ____________the milk of Jerseys has a high percentage of milk fat
in it, they are sometimes called ‘the butter breeds.’ ____________the milk is obtained, the cream is
separated. The cream is____________ ‘sourced’ by letting it stand at room temperature. Souring gives
its flavour and makes it easier to churn. The cream is pasteurised to kill all the bacteria and enzymes.
__________________ butter can last longer.
32. A. Rewrite as directed 2x1=2
i. Abhijith sang the song melodiously,______________?
(Add a question tag)
ii. The book is the most astounding invention of man.
(Frame a Wh’ question to get underlined word as answer)
OR
B. Rectify the errors in the following sentences and rewrite them. 2x1=2
i. Indian Olympians returned back from Paris.
ii. Neeradhi worked very hardly to secure a rank.

33. Read the following passage and make notes by filling the boxes given below. 4x1/2=2
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how our body turns food into energy. There are three main types
of diabetes. They are Type-1, Type-2 and Gestational diabetes, means diabetes while pregnant. A huge
population of the world are living with diabetes. It usually affects children, teens, adults and aged ones.
Diabetes
is a types Genstational Diabetes means

4
1 2 3

34. Report the following conversation. 5x1=5

Roof : What greater honour can a village have?
Do you know why we are singled out for this recognition?
Think of the pipe borne water PAP has promised us.
Ezenwa: We believe every word of you. We shall drop our paper for Marcus.
5
35. Complete the following conversation. 3X1=3
( Two friends at the campus )
Anagha: Hello Jaswanth, good morning. How are you?
Jaswanth: __________________________ (responds to greeting)
Anagha : You played very well in the volleyball match yesterday. It was a treat to watch.
Jaswanth: Thanks for the complement.
Anagha : _________________________(enquires about the next match)
Jaswanth: ________________________( gives information)
Anagha: Best of luck. Play well. See you later. Bye.

PART – E
36. A. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement which appeared in
DECCAN CHRONICLE dated 10th August 2024. 5
Fortis Hospitals, Bengaluru invites application for the post of Orthopaedic surgeon.
Qualification: MS in Orthopaedics,
4 to 5 years of experience in any reputed hospital
Knowledge of English and Regional language is desirable
Salary and additional perks: No constraint for extraordinary candidates
Apply within 10 days to: The Chairman (HR),
Fortis Hospitals,
Cunningham road,
Vasanta Nagara,
Bengaluru-560054.
[Use XXXX for your name and YYYY for your address]
OR
B. Imagine you are the president of your college union. You are asked to introduce the chief guest
Dr. DEVI PRASAD SHETTY on the occasion of World Health Day. Based on the information given
below, write an introductory speech in about 120 words. 5
Full Name : Dr. DEVI PRASAD SHETTY
Profession : Cardiologist
Place of birth : Kinniigoli, Mangalore, Karnataka in 1953.
Education : MBBS, MS in KMC, Mangalore. Cardio Surgery in United Kingdom
Career : Returned to India in 1989. Started Manipal Heart Foundation Bangalore, conducted more
than One lakh Cardio surgery, launched Yashaswini scheme.
Established Narayana Hridayalaya.
Awards : Padma Shri (2004)
BC Roy Award (2003)
Karnataka Rathna (2001)
xxx

6
 Government of Karnataka
KARNATAKA SCHOOL EVALUATION & ASSESSMENT BOARD
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -2
Class: II Year PUC Academic Year: 2024-25
Subject: English (02) Maximum Marks: 80
Time: 3.00 hours No. of Questions: 36

Instructions
1. Answer the questions in all the sections.
2. Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
3. Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
4. For multiple choice questions (MCQ’s), choose the correct answer and rewrite it.
5. Answers to the question number 30A (a-i) or 30 B (a-i) should be in sequence and at one place.
6. For question numbers 30, 31, 32 and 36, internal choices are there. Hence, answer either A or B.
7. For Part - A questions, only the first written answers will be considered for evaluation.

PART- A
I. Answer the following questions by choosing the right option. 10x1=10
1. Romeo says “So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows” in the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’. To whom
does the word ‘snowy dove’ refer to?
a. Rosaline b. Juliet
c. Romeo d. Capulet
2. In the poem ‘On Children’, the word ‘Arrows’ refers to ……………….
a. parents b. mother c. women d. children
3. Whom does Dona Laura call ‘an ill-natured man’?
a. Petra b. Juanito c. Cousin d. Don Gonzalo
4. In the poem ‘When You Are Old’, the speaker says, …………..loved his beloved’s moments of glad grace.
a. some b. many c. all d. none
5. Identify the sequence of events that led to change in the owner’s life style with reference to ‘The Gardener.’
a. old man was hired-petty thefts stopped-income improved-plantation expanded dramatically
b. plantation expanded dramatically-income improved-old man was hired-petty thefts stopped
c. old man was hired-petty thefts stopped-plantation expanded dramatically-income improved
d. plantation expanded dramatically-old man was hired-income improved-petty thefts stopped
6. Who creates heaven on earth, according to the poet in ‘Heaven, If You Are Not Here on Earth’?
a. nymph b. god c. poet d. devil
7. The author says that “Bowing is neither less nor more silly than shaking hands or kissing the cheek, but it
is quainter; more formal, more oriental; it is also infectious” in Japan and Brazil Through a Traveler’s Eye.
Here the word ‘oriental’ means
a. West b. North c. East d. South

1
8. Match the column A with column B with reference to the lesson ‘I Believe Books Will Never
Disappear’ and choose the correct option.
A B
A. Telephone i. extension of arms
B. Microscope ii. extension of voice
C. Ploughs iii. extension of eyes
a. A-iii, B-ii, C-i b. A-ii, B-iii, C-i c. A-i, B-ii, C-iii d. A-i, C-ii, B-iii
9. Who told Roof, “We want your vote” and placed five-pound note on the floor in the story ‘The
Voter’?
a. Leader of the PAP campaign team b. Leader of the POP campaign team
c. Leader of the village campaign team d. Leader of the state campaign team
10. In what name does water rise a storm and takes to skies, according to the poem ‘Water’?
a. Bottled water b. Filtered water c. Pumped water d. Mineral water
11. Fill in the blanks with the passive form of the verb given in the brackets. 3x1=3
A speeding lorry hit a car, yesterday, on the highway. The lorry driver …………….(arrest) by the police.
The passengers in the car …………..(hurt). The injured passengers ……………..(admit) to a nearby hospital.
12. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate expressions given in brackets 2x1=2
Sharan wanted to purchase a mobile phone. His friends gave many suggestions. He couldn’t decide.
He was ………………… . His mother asked him to speak to his aunt as She was …………………. in the
matters of mobile phone.
(well versed, in a fix, put with)
13. Read the following paragraph and match the pronouns in side A with the nouns/noun phrases in side
B they refer to 5x1=5
Mobile phones are very useful these days. They (a)are very efficient tools for communication. Youngsters
are experts in using mobile phones. Their (b) skills in using mobile phones are exemplary. They can take a
photo of a scenery which(c) they like while traveling. If they like a song, they can record it(d) on their mobile
phone. People who(e) are fond of their mobile phones always keep them in their pockets.

A B
a. They i. Scenery
b. Their ii. Song
c. Which iii. Mobile Phones
d. It iv. Days
e. who v. Youngsters’
vi. People
2
 PART - B
II. Answer any three of the following questions in one or two sentences each 3x2=6

14. Name the two countries that recognised and declared ‘Rights of Nature’ according to Vandana Shiva.

15. When Don Gonzalo prepares to read, he takes out things from his pocket in the play ‘A Sunny Morning’.
Which are they?

16. What did the narrator love in his beloved in the poem ‘When You Are Old’?

17. Mention any two things in nature which make this earth heaven.

III. Answer any four of the following questions in about 60 words each 4x3=12

18. How does Romeo express his love for Juliet in the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’?

19. Why was Navdanya Movement started by Vandana Shiva? What are its achievements?

20. How does the foot spend its days in the shoes in the poem ‘To the Foot from its Child”?

21. Write a note on Borge’s thoughts on metaphors.

22. What does George Mikes observe about the behaviour of car drivers in Brazil? Explain briefly.

23. Water is not simply H2O for the poet in the poem ‘Water’. Why?

IV. Answer any three of the following questions in about 100 words each 3x4=12

24. “Man lives for some kind of vengefulness. Without it, there would be no reason for his existence.”
Evaluate this statement in the light of the story ‘The Gardener’.
25. “Parents can give their love but not their thoughts” says the Prophet in the poem ‘On Children’. Why do
you think the Prophet says so? Discuss.
26. The story ‘Too Dear’ reflects on the issue of governance and human greed for power. Substantiate.
27. Do you agree that the play ‘A Sunny Morning’ deals with the human folly for lying? Elucidate with
suitable examples.
28. Write a note on Roof’s character in the story ‘The Voter’.
29. How does cycling bring changes in the lives of women of Pudukkottai district? Explain briefly with
examples.
PART - C
V. 30. A. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it 9x1=9
Most mother snakes do not tend their offsprings. They find a safe place to lay eggs and leave
immediately. If they give birth to live young, they vanish as soon as the last one comes out. New born
snakes face the dangers on their own. Out of 3,400 snake species of snakes in the world, only 150 species
show maternal care.
The King Cobra is the only species to make a nest and guard its eggs. The Indian rock python coils it
complete body around its eggs and incubates them. But both species do not stay with younger ones once
they come out of eggs. One snake goes an extra mile to protect its offsprings. It is Southern African Python.
Graham Alexander studied the behaviour of Southern African Python snakes for the first time.
3
 Graham Alexander was a student of a university in South Africa. He spent seven years studying
Southern African Pythons. He studied thirty-seven Southern African Pythons in Dinokeng Game Reserve
near Pretoria.
Southern African Pythons are easy to trace in the forest. They are the largest snakes of African
continent. They grow up to five metres and weigh sixty kilograms on average. Alexander caught them and
inserted transmitter chips in their bodies. He monitored their movement through these chips. He also
measured their body temperature.
Southern African Pythons lay eggs in burrows created by other animals. The mother Southern
African Python coils her body around the eggs for three months. The mother snake stays with the eggs for
three months. It does not eat anything during these months. It loses 40% of its weight during this period.
After three months, the baby snakes come out of the eggs. The mother snake stays with the baby snakes for
two more weeks before moving out of the burrow. Hence, the Southern African Python is the most caring
snake of all snakes.
a. What is the average weight of a Southern African Python?
b. Which snake prepares a nest for its eggs?
c. ………………..snake goes an extra mile to protect its offsprings.
d. Where does the Southern African Python lay its eggs?
e. Where did Alexander study the Southern African Pythons for seven years?
f. What percentage of weight does a mother Southern African Python snake lose in three months?
g. How many snakes did Alexander study to understand the behaviour of Southern African Pythons?
h. The idiom ‘to go an extra mile’ means ……………….
(i) go more miles (ii) put more effort (iii) put more pressure (iv) go one mile
i. The antonym for the word caring is ……………………….
Or
B. Read the following poem and answer the questions set on it 9x1=9
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveller. Long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could,
To where it bent in the undergrowth:

Then took the other as just as fair

And having perhaps the better claim;
Because it was grassy and wanted wear
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same.

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black,
Oh, I kept the first for another day,
Yet knowing how way lends on to way

4
 I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I,
I took the one less travelled by,
And that has made all the difference.

a. Why did the speaker choose the other road?

b. What did the speaker do at the place where two roads diverged?
c. Where did two roads diverge?
d. What made the difference to the speaker?
e. In the statement, I kept the first for another day, what does the word ‘first’ refer to?
i. Wood ii. Road
iii. day iii. Walk
f. What time of the day is indicated in the given poem?
g. Who took the road that was less travelled by?
h. How will be the speaker saying after some ages?
i. The antonym for ‘less’ is …………………
PART - D
VI. 31. A. Rewrite as directed 4x1=4
(i) Rani saw an old woman on her way to school. ………….old woman was singing and dancing under a
tree. (Use proper article)
(ii) rules/certain/and regulations/follow/must/we (Rearrange the segments into a meaningful sentence)
(iii) Indian sportspersons …………. (has/have) won some medals in Paris Olympics.
(choose the verb that agrees with the subject)
(iv) Robert …………………(send) many messages to his friend yesterday.
(Fill in the blanks with appropriate form of the verb given)
Or
B. Fill in the blanks with the right linker 4x1=4
(Though, When, As, So)
………. Mr. Elephant requested help, the man couldn’t refuse …… he was his friend. ….. , he decided
to help Mr. Elephant ………… it was raining heavily.

32. A. Rewrite as directed 2x1=2

(i). The farmers have taken to organic farming, ……………………...? (Add a suitable question tag)
(ii) The police were providing security to the visiting officials. (Frame ‘Wh’ question to get the
underlined words as answer)
Or
B. Rectify the errors in the following sentences and rewrite them. 2x1=2
(i) Students were prepare well for their exams.
(ii) Guru adviced his sister.

5
33. Read the following passage and make notes by filling the boxes given below 4x1/2=2
Trained dogs with their incredible sense of smell help police in tracking criminals and in rescuing buried
people. They also help to find bombs and drugs. They are very good friends of police in general.
Trained dogs
With their incredible

Help police rescue help to find

34. Report the following conversation. 5x1=5

Minister: Why do you stay in the prison?
Prisoner: Do you want me to go?
Minister: Certainly. I don’t have any problem.
Prisoner: I won’t go away.
Minister: I can give you pension.
35. Complete the following dialogue 3x1=3
(Two friends meet at a book shop)
Vinay : ……………, how are you? (Greeting)
Vincent: Fine. Are you buying books?
Vinay : …………………………….. (responding)
Vincent: Did you find them?
Vinay : ………………………...(giving information)
PART - E
VII. 36. A. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement that appeared in The
Hindu dated 16th August 2024. 5

Wanted
English Teachers
Qualification: B A [Link].
Apply to
The Secretary
MM School,
Chamarajanagar 571313
Write XXXX for name and YYYY for address

Or
B. Imagine that you are the Secretary of your students’ union. Prepare a speech of about 150 words on
‘Road Safety’ to create awareness among your classmates. 5
Use the following information.
Importance of traffic rules – importance of following traffic rules-behaviour of bicycle riders and bike riders-
importance of helmets -importance of seat belts in cars- rules to be followed by pedestrians.
xxx
6
 GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA SCHOOL EXAMINATION & ASSESSMENT BOARD
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -3
Class: II Year PUC Academic Year: 2024-25
Subject: English (02) Maximum Marks: 80
Time: 3.00 hours No. of Questions: 36

Instructions
1. Answer the questions in all the sections.
2. Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
3. Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
4. For multiple choice questions (MCQ’s), choose the correct answer and rewrite it.
5. Answers to the question number 30A (a-i) or 30 B (a-i) should be in sequence and at one place.
6. For question numbers 30, 31, 32 and 36, internal choices are there. Hence, answer either A or B.
7. For Part - A questions, only the first written answers will be considered for evaluation.
PART- A

I. Answer the following questions by choosing the right option. 10x1=10

1. In the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’, _________ would make the face of heaven very fine.
a. Romeo b. Ethiope c. Snowy dove d. Juliet
2. The total annual expenditure for keeping the criminal in the prison in ‘Too Dear’ came upto _______ francs
a. 16,000 b. 12,000 c. 7,000 d. 600
3. According to the poet of ‘On Children’, ___________ dwell in the house of tomorrow.
a. the children’s souls b. the parents
c. the parents’ souls d. the children’s bodies
4. Match the following according to the play ‘A Sunny Morning’ and choose the right option from the given
combinations
A B
A. Dona Laura i. handsome and refined
B. Don Gonzalo ii. plays havoc with the nursemaids
C. Juanito iii. gouty and impatient
a. A-iii B- ii C- i
b. A-i B-ii C-iii
c. A-ii B-i C-iii
d. A-i B-iii C-ii

5. In the story ‘The Gardener’, ________ invites scholars, poets and musicians to his/her place.
a. Tammanna b. the owner of the farm
c. Basavaiah d. the owner’s wife

6. Borges calls _______, ‘so intimate and so essential’.

a. poetry b. books c. metaphors d. symbols

1
7. The narrator of ‘Japan and Brazil Through a Traveler’s Eye’ meets a deer which bows to him properly and
courteously at ____________.
a. Tokyo b. Nara c. Osaka d. Copacabana

8. Consider the two statements from the story ‘The Voter’ and answer the question which follows
Statement 1: Whether or not we cast our paper for Marcus, PAP will continue to rule
Statement 2: I will cast my vote for Maduka, if not this iyi take note
a. Both the statements are given by Roof
b. Only Statement 1 is given by Roof
c. Only Statement 2 is given by Roof
d. Both the statements are not given by Roof

9. The famous cycling song is written by _____________ as mentioned in the article ‘Where There is a Wheel’
a. N. Kannammal b. S. Kannakarajan
c. Muthu Bhaskaran d. Jameela Bibi

10. According to the poem ‘Water’, water can sit innocently in a __________
a. well b. Bisleri bottle c. water pot d. puddle

11. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate passive form of the verb given in the brackets. 3x1=3
The old man came to this garden one day. The owner of the plantation _______(satisfy) by the work of
the old man. Various measures ____________(take) by the old man to improve the garden. Gradually,
farming __________(neglect) by the owner.

12. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate expressions given in brackets 2x1=2
The criminal said that the rulers of Monaco had ruined his character and people would _________ on
him and in addition, he had got_________ of working.
(out of the way, get rid of, turn their backs)

13. Read the following paragraph and match the underlined pronouns in side A with the nouns/noun
phrases in side B they refer to 5x1=5
Mary makes it a point to go for a morning walk along with her (a) dog Daniel every day. Both of
them enjoy this activity as it (b) rejuvenates their spirits for the whole day. They (c)walk for about
five kilometers. Daniel is cheerful and he (d) gives Mary a secure feeling on their walk. Peter, her
husband had trained him well. Peter works for the Army in the hilly region where(e) he was posted
five years ago.

A(Pronouns) B (Nouns/Noun Phrases)

a. Her i. Peter
b. It ii. Hilly region
c. They iii. Mary’s
d. He iv. Daniel
e. Where v. Morning Walk
vi. Mary and Daniel

2
 PART - B

II. Answer any three of the following questions in one or two sentences each 3x2=6
14. Mention any two images to which Romeo compares Juliet in the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’.
15. Why parents should try to become like children according to the poem ‘On Children’?
16. Which are the two most popular courses at Vandana Shiva’s Earth University?
17. ‘If books disappear, surely history would disappear.’ Evaluate this statement of Jorge Luis Borges.

III. Answer any four of the following questions in about 60 words each 4x3=12
18. How does Tagore’s ‘Tapovan’ prove that the forests have been source of rejuvenation for Indian
civilization?
19. How does Laura kill herself in the story narrated by her in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
20. Describe the uniqueness of the poet’s love as expressed in the poem ‘When You Are Old’.
21. Trace the path of the child’s foot after it gets defeated in the battle, in the poem ‘To the Foot from its Child’.
22. Why does Kuvempu feel that the heaven is on earth only in the poem ‘Heaven, if you are not here on earth?
23. Comment on the difficulty of pedestrians in crossing the road in Brazil as explained in ‘Japan and Brazil
Through A Traveler’s Eye’.

IV. Answer any three of the following questions in about 100 words each 3x4=12
24. Write a note on the gaming house in Monaco as described in ‘Too Dear’.
25. Describe the ill-natured prelude to the meeting between Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo in the play ‘A Sunny
Morning’.
26. Evaluate the methods adopted by Tammanna and Basavaiah to defeat each other.
27. Why the people of Umuofia did not want to vote Marcus Ibe for free, for the second time, in the story ‘The
Voter’?
28. What are the advantages of riding bicycle for the women of Pudukkottai as mentioned in the article ‘Where
There is A Wheel’?
29. Criticize the various implied discriminations expressed in the poem ‘Water’.

PART - C

V.
30. A. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it 9x1=9
It may seem like nothing can live in a desert because it's so dry. But most deserts are full of life, with plants and
animals that have adapted to survive without much water. Some plants, like cacti, store enough water in their
stems to last until the next rain.
Tribes that live in deserts are often nomadic, which means that they don't stay in one place for very long, and
instead move around a lot to find new resources. These people also often farm and herd cattle and other animals
which are well adapted to desert life.
Deserts often have harsh conditions, such as high winds, sandstorms and rugged terrain, which can make it
difficult to travel and survive. Fennec foxes are well-adapted for life in African and Arabian deserts. Their pale
fur camouflages them against the sand; it also grows on the bottoms of their feet to give them traction while
running in the sand and protects their feet from the hot desert surface.
The Arctic and Antarctic are referred to as polar deserts. 20% of the total deserts have sand on their surfaces.
Cold deserts have a very low temperature in comparison to hot deserts and are covered with snow or ice. The
largest cold desert on Earth is Antarctica.

3
The Sahara is a desert spanning across North Africa. With an area of 9,200,000 km2, it is the largest hot desert
in the world and the third-largest desert. The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is an arid
region in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200,000 km2 in India and
Pakistan.
a. Choose the statement which is wrong according to the given passage.
i. The Thar desert is in India and Pakistan
ii. There are cold deserts and hot deserts
iii. Nomadic tribes move searching for new resources
iv. Nothing can live in a desert because it is so dry.
b. Name one of the polar deserts.
c. Which is the largest hot desert?
d. What do fennec foxes use to protect their feet?
e. Where do the cacti save their water?
f. What is the area of the Indian desert mentioned in the passage?
g. Name any one of the harsh climate conditions of a desert.
h. The _______(adapt) of the animals to their habitat is very crucial.
Fill in the blank with the right form of the word given in the brackets.
i. Which term in the passage means ‘disguise’?
OR
B. Read the following poem and answer the questions set on it. 9x1=9

Reverie of the Poor Susan

By William Wordsworth

At the corner of Wood Street, when daylight appears,

Hangs a Thrush that sings loud, it has sung for three years:
Poor Susan has passed by the spot, and has heard
In the silence of morning the song of the Bird.

'Tis a note of enchantment; what ails her? She sees

A mountain ascending, a vision of trees;
Bright volumes of vapour through Lothbury glide,
And a river flows on through the vale of Cheapside.

Green pastures she views in the midst of the dale,

Down which she so often has tripped with her pail;
And a single small cottage, a nest like a dove's,
The one only dwelling on earth that she loves.

She looks, and her heart is in heaven: but they fade,

The mist and the river, the hill and the shade:
The stream will not flow, and the hill will not rise,
And the colours have all passed away from her eyes!

a) Name any one of the birds mentioned in the poem

b) Where does the river flow?
c) Which phrase in the poem also means that Poor Susan is not alive?
4
 d) What time of the day is mentioned in the poem?
e) What is compared to a nest in the poem?
f) What does Susan carry when she goes down the green pastures?
g) Choose the odd combination out:
i. Mountain and hill
ii. Vapour and mist
iii. River and stream
iv. Earth and morning
h) Complete the analogy:- sees : trees : : ______ : shade
i) Which is the antonym of ‘noise’ used in the poem?
PART - D

31. A. Rewrite as directed 4x1=4

i. Heera is used to come to college _____ walk.
(Use appropriate preposition)
ii. announced that / on Monday at 11 am / the judge/ would be given / the verdict
(Rearrange the above segments into a meaningful sentence)
iii. The sportspersons along with their coach always ______(follow) the norms.
(Use appropriate verb that agrees with the subject)
iv. Manu _________ (work) in this office since 2023.
(Use the appropriate form of the verb given the brackets)

OR
B. Fill in the blanks with the right linker 4x1=4
(besides, but, who, as)
Rani Chennabhairadevi was the longest ruling queen in Indian history, _____ ruled Nagire province for
54 years. _______, history books don’t make enough space for, _____ she was only a ruler under Vijayanagar
Empire. ________, she was popular for exporting pepper and other spices to European and Arab regions.

32. A. Rewrite as directed 2x1=2

i. Akash has been trying a lot to get a job, _________? (Add a question tag)
ii. They tried to uplift the weaker section of the society.
(Change into a question using the right form of ‘do’)

OR

B. Rectify the errors in the following sentences and rewrite them. 2x1=2
i. One of my friend is staying in London.
ii. Practise makes us perfect.

32. Read the following passage and make notes by filling the boxes given below: 4x1/2=2
Convex lenses are thick in the middle and thinner at the edges. A concave lens is flat in the middle and
thicker at the edges. A convex lens is also known as the converging lens as the light rays bend inwards and
5
converge at a point which is known as focal length. On the other hand, the concave lens is also known as a
diverging lens because it bends the parallel light rays outward and diverges them at the focal point.

Two types of lenses

Concave 1. is also called 2.

1

is also called
3. bends the parallel light rays 4.

33. Report the following conversation. 5x1=5

Alifano: Can we talk about your mother? How was your relation with her?
Borges: My mother was an extraordinary woman. I should speak of her kindness towards me.
She had no enemies.
34. Complete the following dialogue 3x1=3
Prakash: Hi _______ (greets)
Shweta: Hi Prakash. Good morning. How is your health now?
Prakash: I am quite okay now. _________(expresses gratitude). Can you give me the notes of yesterday’s
classes?
Shweta: __________(agrees)
Prakash: So kind of you. Bye.
PART - E
35. A. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement that appeared in The Times
of India dated 11th August 2024. 5

Wanted: Data Entry Operators

Qualification: PUC; knowledge of using computers and Kannada & English Typing.
Apply within 10 days to:
The HR Manager
Grow Ahead Marketing Solutions
Raheja Towers,
MG Road, Bangalore – 560001
(Write XXXX for name and YYYY for your address)

OR
B. Assume that you are the secretary of the college student union. You are asked to speak on the
importance World Wild Life Day at the assembly. Prepare a speech in about 120 words using the
following information: 5
Importance of coexisting with other species – Decreasing forests – Animals entering the villages – The
role of citizens in conserving wild life – Informing the Forest Department about smuggling of parts of
animals.
xxx