CHAPTER 1

ETHICS, MORALS, VIRTUES & VALUES

Ethics
A discussion on ethics should start by emphasizing its relevance in decision making and in the actions taken by
an individual. Also, a person's emotional intelligence contributes to that person's ability to make ethical decisions or
actions. So, what is ethics?
 Is defined as "the science of the morality of human acts and rational human behavior" (Corpuz, 2018).
 Is the capacity to determine the right conduct and the knowledge of what is right from wrong.
 It is a system of moral principles or moral standards which
govern one's conduct.
 It is a system of principles and rules concerning the duty of a person set by society or culture.
 It is a system of rules and practice applied to a single class of human actions.
 It is the study and philosophy of human conduct, which emphasizes on a person's ability to determine right from
wrong. Also, it encompasses the set character standards expected of a person in a race of nation.
Four Levels of Ethics
Ethics may differ from one individual or another or one society to another. According to Rama (2009) and Hasa
(2021), there are four levels of ethics in an organization which are:
1. Personal Morality. It is a person's basic concept of right and wrong, which is dependent on several factors such as
parental influences, religious beliefs, cultural and social mores, and past personal experiences.
2. Professional Ethics. Every professional has a set of professional norm and rules or guiding principles that obligate
them to act in certain professional ways. Such guidelines are codified by professional associations and enforced by law.
3. Organizational Ethics. This is also known as business ethics which is composed of values, principles, and standrads
that guide the behavior of a person or a group of individuals in an organization. Every organization has an environment
or culture that includes both formal and informal rules of ethical conduct. Public organizations typically have several of
such rules (Verlinden, n.d.).
4. Social Ethics. Social ethics oblige members of a given society to act in ways that both protect individuals and further
the progress of the groups as a whole. Social ethics are formal to the extent that they can be found in the laws of a given
society, informal to the extent that they are part of an individual's social conscience.
Morals
 Pertains to character and behavior from an individual's point of view of what is right and wrong.
 The judgment an individual makes relating to societal principles of right and wrong behavior.
 The duties of police officer under the Code of Ethics deal primarily with principles or rules about what is "right
from what is wrong."
 A moralist is a person who values or follows good conduct, even in the absence of religion.
Differences between Ethics and Morals
 Both ethics and morals refer to the type of customary behavior because of the approval or practices of the
group and are thus essentially synonymous. Ethics ordinarily suggests the study of moral conduct or the
principles underlying the desirable types of human conduct; on the other hand, morals simply refer to the
human conduct itself.
 Ethics will guide a person's judgment concerning the morality of human acts, whereas moral is the application of
ethics.
Virtue
 The habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his or her nature.
 It is the habit of doing good.
 It is the opposite of vice and the habit of doing bad.
Four Moral or Cardinal Virtues
The four cardinal virtues traces its roots to Aristotle's ethical system which still influence the modern
philosophers. Aristotle listed several virtues, four of these are considered the cornerstone of his moral framework:
1. Prudence Refers to the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason and sound judgment. Its is the
virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most effective means for accomplishing what is morally good and avoiding
what is evil.
2. Temperance This refers to an individual's ability to moderate or avoid something or an act. This is the virtue that
regulates the carnal appetite for sensual or material pleasures, which allows the individual to avoid the extremes of self-
indulgence and bodily pleasure.
3. Fortitude This virtue is also known as courage. Simply, it is the individual's ability to face danger in order to fight for
what is right or just. This virtue refers to the firmness of the mind which is not clouded by fear. Relative to this virture
are patience which is characterized by calmness and composure when enduring difficult situations, perseverance despite
the obstacles and challenges, and endurance when faced with difficulties.
4. Justice-It refers to the virtue that inclines the individual to judge rightly and do what is right. Being just means being
fair in all transactions with all inviduals.
Values
Values is the foundation of society. It refers to a set of standard behavior that "...has a normative obligatory character
and presupposes the liberty of possible decision." It also refers to the priorities that an individual give to the elements in
his life and career based on his or her ethics, morality, and integrity.
The Six (6) Core Moral Values:
Every society needs a moral foundation. As lifted from the PNP Ethics Value Formation (n.d.), the core moral values are:
1. Love of God Give God what is due Him and develop the moral virtue of religion through adoration, prayer and
obedience.
2. Respect of Authority- Treat freedom with a sense of self- determination and personal responsibility, and as a social
being, exercise intelligently obedience.
3. Selfless Love of People- Respect human life, respect the human body, and learn to give, to give oneself, and to love.
4. Chastity Respect the dignity of human sexuality by practicing chastity in marriage through sexual love that is romantic,
procreative, exclusive and lasting, or if unmarried, by having no experience of sexual pleasure.
5. Responsible Dominion over Material Things - Should not be dominated by it (detachment) and should share it with
his fellowmen bearing in mind that the material world islimited (scarce).
6. Truthfulness Never telling what is not true (untruth) because it destroys the foundation of social life which is based on
mutual trust.
The Six (6) Core Work Values:
As professionals, we are expected to exhibit values that align to what the society expects of us as we perform
our duties. These values are (PNP Ethics Value Formation, n.d.):
1. Industriousness It refers to what an individual wants, looks for, keeps busy, and strives to work well.
2. Sense of Responsibility-It refers to what an individual does which is dependent on his will and intellect which is
applied to his job (creativity/initiative) and is held accountable for it.
3. Order (Sense of Time) It refers to an individual's ability to prioritize the use of time, value his time, and apply the
adage "first things first."
4. Collaboration It refers to the ability of the individual to foster teamwork and solidarity to promote unity.
5. Determination - It refers to an individual's qualities which are perseverance, patience, and strength to overcome
obstacles, difficulties, and trials.
6. Service - It refers to the act of performing duties or work for another, a person or an institution, that brings about
benefits and/or results.
Importance of Ethics and Values
 Ethics is an essential knowledge. Without ethical perception, man is only an animal. Without values, man, as a
rational being, is a failure. For ethics is too essential to be dismissed each individual is bestowed with the innate
ability to understand and discern between right and wrong. No matter how rudimentary and vague, even the
primitive men had it. Whilst, the modern man, finding convenient reasons to turn his back from it, discovers that
he is in the center of it.
 Moral values are the true measure of what the an individual should be. The most powerful king, or the most
successful professional, is nothing unless he is morally upright. Thus, the philosophers speak of ethics as the
"only necessary knowledge." According to Jacques Leclercq, a Belgian theologian and priest, "We are tempted to
center everything on human happiness... forgetting that man's greatness, perfection and happiness, his whole
meaning in fact, consist in transcending the commonly accepted human good."
 Moral values are the foundation of every human society. According to Russell (1995) as cited in Ethics and
Formation Manual (2014) "without civic morality, communities perish; without personal morality their survival
 has no value." Every culture sees the importance of morality as a standard of behavior. When the moral
foundations of a nation are threatened, it also threatens the society.

Reasons for Studying Ethics:

 To make the right decisions based on what is right.
 To have an orderly and peaceful personal and social life.
 To value one's life and that of other individuals.

Significance of Ethics and Values in Police Work

1. Immense powers of the police.
The police officers have discretionary powers over the civilians. For example, they have the discretion to arrest
or not to arrest or to mediate or to charge an individual or a group of individuals. In addition, the police officers have the
power to decide whether to use or not to use deadly force, which gives them the power of life and death in some
circumstances. There are no other public figure, aside from the police, who possesses the same authority
A police officer, in some instances, can be a prosecutor, a judge, and and executioner. In fact, the police officer holds a
great deal of power over the lives of the peoplebecause of their authority to enforce the law.
Without an ethical perspective, a police officer becomes a tyrant. As the police officer's moral foundation weakens, his
tendency to abuse his power over citizens increases exponentially. It has been well- documented throughout history
that power corrupts, and that absolute power corrupts absolutely. In this sense, it is the absence of ethical perspectives
which explains the occurrence of police misconducts.
2. The Social Contract.
The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in The Social Contract (1762), John Locke in Two Treatises on
Civil Government (1690), and Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan (1651) gave birth to the idea that police officers must display
a higher standrads of ethical behavior than that of the average citizens., Rousseau writes (1762) in The Social Contract
"Each of us puts his person and all his power under the supreme direction of the general will, and in our capacity, we
receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole."
Simply put, it is expected of the police officers to possess and act in accordance to the highest level of integrity and to
obey the societal rules and laws.
3. Police officers as role models.
According to August Vollmer (1936), the Father of Police Professionalism, as published in The Police in Modern
Society, cited in Rosenbaum, Schuck, and Cordner (2011) in The National Police Research Platform: The Life Course of
New Officers, "The citizen expects the police officer to have the wisdom of Solomon, the courage of David, the strength
of Samson, the patience of Job, the leadership of Moses, the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln, the tolerance of
the Carpenter of Nazareth, the kindness of the Good Samaritan, and finally, an intimate knowledge of every branch of
natural, biological, and social sciences. If he hadall these qualities, he might be a good policeman."
Ethics and Action: Why We Need to Behave? (An Ethical Basis: Rules, Results, and Relationships)
A. Rules - Individuals accept rules which dictate our behavior based on the belief that it is by divine revelation or a
necessary aspect of social contract to protect and further human welfare. Kant argued that there is a "universal law"
which we must all comply. The authority of laws enacted by a government depends on our recognition of its right to
govern. People who choose a career in the public service may have no difficulty with that.
B. Results The utilitarian principle which emphasizes the consequences of one's actions. The qoute "seeking the greatest
good for the greatest number" is difficult to "operationalize." Fo example, the public officers who try to devide what is
good for the majority. However, in reality, they are only trying to avoid inflicting hurt or danger to others.
C. Relationships - Confucius' golden rule "Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you"spoke of the
principle of reciprocity. For him, care and kindness, especially to one's family, are the primary virtues. However, this can
also led cuorruption and nepotism when family members are favored over the others who are more qualified. Likewise,
this golden rule is aligned to Jesus Christ's teaching that "In everything, do to others as you would have them do to you."
This supports the belief that showing concern to others through reciprocity is in accordance with the rules and
revelation.
Accountability and Action
Actions means the ability of an individual to obey instructions and to report how, when, and where these
instructions have been accomplished. However, if these actions require discretion and accountability, an explanation or
a justification for such actions is required.
Accountability for one's actions require explanations what happened and why it happened. We are accountable
for the results or outcomes of our actions, for the professional standards of our work, and for the effective use of
resources including financial resources. Accountability need not be given only to those who are in command.
Those in public service must be accountable to:
A Accountability in Government and in Civil Society - There is a network of accountability between the different
branches or units of the State. This ensures that there is separation and balance of powers, so that noone part of the
system can dominate or monopolize the others.
B. Accountability in Management Public services are mostly hierarchical, with each officer accountable to a manager.
However, there are instances when the lines of management accountability are blurred.
C. Accountability to the Public Public servants are accountable to the public to whom they are appointed to serve. In
the recent years, there is an increase concern and emphasis on accountability to "clients" or "customers."
CHAPTER II
POLICE PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Professional Ethics
Professional ethics is the branch of moral science which treats obligation which a member of a profession owes
to the public to his profession, to his brethren, and to his clients.
Professional ethics is commonly known as "ethical business practices," which refer to the standards or codes of
conduct se in a specific profession. A code of ethics outlines the expectations of those involved in the professions or
organizations, which every member is expected to follow. Professionals who do not condone to these rules are called
out or sanctioned. By setting out expected behaviors in the form of professional ethics, professionals work together to
try to uphold a good reputation.
The practice of a profession cannot be regulated entirely by legislation. Each profession therefore, subscribes to
a set of moral code. This Code of Ethics guides the actuation of a professional where the law is silent or inadequate.
Some examples of these professional ethics are:
 Legal Ethics
 Medical Ethics
 Nursing Ethics
 Police Ethics
A Vision of Ethical Policing
The ethically ideal police system would be one with integrity and not riddles with corruption or misconducts. In
addition, us against-them and disrespect for the limits of the law or how it's enforced are not observed. In an ideal police
system, all actions done in private and public are in accordance to the law and ethics In this sense, mistakes or errors are
minimized because of probity propriety, restraint, reasonableness, and caution. However, in rare instances where
mistakes are committed, these are treated as learning opportunities and areas of improvement mechanisms would be
flawless. Promotion will be on a merit based system. Adequate supervision and resources will be provided to the
personnel so that they may perform their duties effectively and efficiently. Also, "open door" policies to the public,
academics and the media is implemented or practiced. This means that the public, through media and the academics,
are well- informed of the police's actions. The police officers will conduct themselves adherrent to the words of August
Vollmer that the police will conduct themselves in ways that make it impossible for anyone to make a joke about them.
The commitment to a code of ethics is unconditional. A professional does not his or her ideals (or revise their
mission statement) just because circumstances in the environment have changed. The true test of character being able
to keep one's faith in the face of adversity.
The Code of Ethics was introduced in 1954 based on the nine principles of policing by Sir Robert Peel of England
Metropolitan Police. Peel, the Father of Law Enforcement, introduced the policing principles or the Peelian Principles in
1892. These principles still remain crucial and relevant at present. The nine principles are (Law Enforcement Action
Partnership, n.d.):
1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.
2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions.
3. The police must secure the cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and
maintain the respect of the public.
4. The degree of public cooperation diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.
5. The police seeks and preserves public favor not by catering to the public opinion but by constantlydemonstrating
absolute impartial service to the law.
6. The police's use of physical forceis only necessary when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be
insufficient.
7. The police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that
the police are the public and the public are the police. The police being the members of the public who are paid to give
full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.
8. The police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of
the judiciary.
9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing
with it.
What makes a police officer?
The ideal police officer is best described in the words of James Q. Wilson (1968). According to Wilson (1968), "It
is not money, or organization that defines the policeman's job, it is the job that defines the policeman." This is further
supported by Peter Manning and John Van Maanen (1978) who believes that"Policing is more than a job; it is a way of
life." Simply put, what makes the cops different from non-police is the job itself.
Five characteristics of a police officer's job:
There are several characteristics or description that will elucidate on the difficult job that police officers have.
These characteristics are summarized below:
1. The Uniform. The uniform sets the officer apart from the civilians or the punlic, and it clearly identifies his or her
status as a police officer. It is not possible for the uniformed officer to be inconspicuous or to blend into the crowd.
Wearing the uniform symbolizes the officer as a member of a particular minority group- the police.
2 The Power. As previously discussed in earlier chapters, the uniformed police officer is a walking symbol of government
power. The officer is recognized as having a dominant position by his or her ability to reward or punish the citizen. This
shows that there is an imbalance in the power between the police and the citizen, which reflects the nature of their
relationship.
3 The Working Hours. Police officers work in rotating shifts. A typical pattern involves changing work shifts every month.
This means that the officer alternately reports in days shift for one month, afternoons for the next, and nights for the
third month. Police officers are also expected to work on weekends, holidays, and must put in overtime in emergency
situations, and for court appearances.
4 The Danger. Daily, thousands of PNP personnel patrol our streets. While carrying out this function, they deal with
several issues, situations, and problems. They must also cope with situations wherein there is little time to decide and
make a judgment. Hence, constant movement and attentiveness must always be observed when responding to a call for
help which may have life or death implications. This is applicable for both the officer patrolling large rural
spaces and small urban beats. As previously suggested, is more the exception than the rule for many patrol officers to
have to deal with truly crime related incidents, especially crimes in progress. Still, the officers must always be vigilant
and ready to anticipate the "big call" that will require their knowledge and skill to survive.
5 The Dirty Work. One of the most important functions the police do for society is performing its dirty work which
include dealing with dead bodies, busting crimes, assisting crime victims, running or arresting criminals, assisting in
automobile accidents, and other aspects of society which requires their help. Fogelson (1977) suggested that the police
occupation suffers from a pariah complex because of the nature of their work and functions. On a somewhat broader
level, according to Bittner (1975) because the police have become the repository of coercive force, they have a tainted
occupation. That is, the police can (and do) use blatant force to accomplish their tasks in a society that has increasingly
become apathetic.
Strengths of the Filipino Police Officer:
To ensure that the Philippine police force, the Philippine National Police, is constantly improved, it is important
that its strengths and weaknesses are assessed and identified. A significant aspect of PNP is its human resource or its
police. The following are the perceived strengths of the Filipino police officers:
1. Spiritual Beliefs. The PNP members are traditionally o religious and God-loving persons, regardless of their religious
beliefs or practices. During times of great personal crisis and danger, they bravely forge on, confident and have faith that
Divine Providence will grant them protection and
safety.
2 Valor. History attests that the Filipino law-enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in defending the country
from aggression and oppression and in protecting or preserving the life and property of the people. They sacrificed their
limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to serve and protect.
3. Patriotism. The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of country with a pledge
of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.
4 Discipline. The discipline of PNP members is manifested in their instinctive obedience to lawful orders and thorough
and spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical, and legal norms.
5 Courteous. The PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in their
concern to their fellowmen.
6. Word of Honor. The PNP members' word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it.
7. Duty. The PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who perform their
tasks with deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They shall readily accept assignment anywhere in the country.
& Loyalty. The PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, their country, and the Filipino people as borne
by history and practice.
9. Camaraderie. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to the
people they serve, is manifested by the PNP members' deep commitment and concern for one another.
Weakness of the Filipino Police Officer
Despite the PNP's numerous strengths, its weaknesses are
1. Misplaced Loyalty. Due to the bonds shared by police officers in their line of work, it becomes one's paramount duty
to protect his fellow officers at all costs, as they would protect the civilians or the public. This weakness have been
observed in situations where a police officer is protected by his colleagues during investigations despite committing
bribery, seriously illegally hurting someone, or committing other illegal acts. In addition, there are also instances when
an officer is not reported to the supervisors, media, or investigators despite routinely breaking rules. In the system, they
adhere to the belief that "If you don't like it, quit or get transferred to another assignment. But never, ever, blow the
whistle."
2 Cynicism. Sometimes, because of their experiences acquired as law enforcers, the police view all citizens with
suspicion. Everyone is a possible problem, especially those who fit a type. Recruits learn this way of perceiving the
citizens from the senior officers. Cynicism spills over to their relations with other people. It has been observed that the
officers' friends expect special favors and treatment even from the most upstanding of people. As a result, their work life
leads them to the conclusion that all people are weak, corrupt, and dangerous.
3 The Use of Force. The police sometimes use force in situations wherein a threat is perceived. Threats may be
interpreted as acts or statements "against the officer's authority" rather than those against the officer's physical person.
Force, a symbol of an officer's authority and dominance, is both expressive and instrumental and is also believed to be
the most effective method of control. Simply put, the public understands the symbol and use of the baton which
encompasses all social and economic barriers as an effective tool to promote discipline and obedience.
4 "The Police as Victims" Mentality. This concept is based on the notion that the police are victims of public
misunderstanding and scorn, low wages, and self-serving administrators. This victimization mindset leads to the idea
that the police is above others and should be subjected to a different set of rules, different from that of the public.
5 Preferential Application of the Law. The law should dictate how it should be enforced regardless of who is the suspect
and not the other way around. The police are prone to provide preferential treatment based on their relations to the
suspect. In some cases, the attitude, demeanor, cooperativeness, and even regional affiliation, age, and social class play
an important part in how they decide to treat people and whether or not to arrest suspects in particular.
6. "The Police as Untouchables". The notion or practice that disrespect for police authority or "contempt of a person in
uniform is an offense that should always be punished with an arrest or use of force. Also, there are instances when the
party has committed no violation of the law, a police officer alwaysfind a safe way to impose punishment, including an
arrest on fake charges.
2 Poor Salary. The PNP is subjected to the rigid salary structure of the government's salary standardization plan. Except
for the in-step vertical progression of pay which is not present in the police salary scheme, the salary structure, in
accordance with Salary Standardization Law (RA 6758), for uniformed personnel starts with Salary Grade10 (entrance
level) up to Salary Grade 30 (PNP Head). In spite of the salary adjustments given starting 2000 and the provision of
additional pay in the form of collateral allowances, the current police salary is still very low. In fact, graft and corruption
cases in the police has been attributed primarily to low pay.
3 Corruption. Corruption, regardless of who perpetuates it, erodes communities and governments that oversee them.
Graft and corruption in the police exists in different degrees. Corruption can come in the form of negligible as siphoning
petroleum from police vehicles for private consumption to illegal logging or gun-smuggling activities or illegal numbers
game. In addition, corruption is also rampant in over- pricing of police uniforms and supplies, lending money at usurious
rates, and conversion deals. Conversion deals is the creation of artificial budget allocations to circumvent the
Commissions on Audit. Apart from being the committers of corrupt acts, the police are also victims of the
administrator's lack of transparency in police benefits. These acts lead to thecontinuous erosion of public service due to
lack of public trust and questionable credibility.

CHAPTER III
IMPACT OF FILIPINO CULTURE ON ETHICS AND VALUES FORMATION
Introduction
The Moral Recovery Program of the PNP traces its roots to Senate Resolution No. 10 directing the Committee on
Education, Arts and Culture and the Committee on Social Justice, Welfare, and Development to conduct a joint inquiry
into the positive and negative traits of the Filipinos with a view to solving the social ills and strengthening the nation's
moral fiber.
Positive Traits of the Filipino
Filipinos are known for many of their positive traits that make them standout over other nationalities from other
countries. These traits are summarized below (Strengths and Weaknesses of Filipino People, n.d.):
1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao or Building Social Relations. Filipinos are known for our hospitality ability to connect e and with
other individuals coupled with dignity and respect for others. Filipinos' pakikipagkapwa-tao or the ability to build social
relations is demonstrated in the Filipino's ability to empathize with others, in helpfulness and generosity in times of
need (pakikiramay), in the practice of bayanihan or mutual assistance, and in the famous Filipino hospitality. This trait
stems from the Filipinos sense of justice and fairness (Filipino Personality and Their Behaviors, 2011).
2. Family Orientation. Filipinos possess a genuine and deep love and concern for their family which includes both their
immediate and extended family members. For many Filipinos, the family is part of our identity and the source of
emotional and material support to whom we should reciprocate with our sense of commitment and responsibility.
3. Joy and Humor. Filipinos are known for their positive disposition and approach in life coupled with a good sense of
humor. These positive traits make up the indomitable spirit of the Filipinos during adversities.
4. Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity. Filipinos have a great capacity to adjust and adapt to their circumstances and
the surrounding environment, hence the alliteration to the phrase "pliant like a bamboo." The Filipinos are known for
their ability to adjust and use their creativity to weather any challenges or uncertainty which is apparent in their actions
and reactions to every situation they face.
5. Hard Work and Industry. Filipinos are one of the most hardworking individuals. This can be observed in how they
work, locally and abroad, in order to help their family and improve the quality of their life. Others use their creativity,
productivity, and entrepreneurial spirit to rise above poverty.
6. Faith and Religiosity. Filipinos have a deep faith in the divine being regardless or our religion. Our innate religiosity
enables us to comprehend and genuinely accept reality in the context of God's will and plan. Thus, tragedy and bad
fortune are accepted and viewed as a test of one's faith.
7. Ability to Survive. Filipinos have an innate ability to adapt and ability to survive any circumstances that come our way.
This ability is coupled with our creativity to make most of what is provided or available. This survival instinct is deeply.
related to optimism, flexibility and adaptability, hard work and a deep faith in God. This trait is very apparentin the
millions of Filipinos who bravely live through and survive the harshest economic and social circumstances.
Negative Traits of the Filipino
Despite the numerous positive traits of Filipinos which make us standout from the others, there are also
negative traits which should be mitigated or addressed as these has negative effects to our decisions and actions. These
traits are (Strengths and uine and Weaknesses of Filipino People, n.d.):
1 Extreme Personalism. Filipinos view the world in terms of personal relationships. They based their judgement of value
and importance based on these relationships and connections which are greatly subjective in nature. More often than
not, these personal relationships, interpersonal interpretations, and actions stem from their emotional involvement to
another person or a group of persons. This translates in their ability to take and accept both criticismad and praise.
Negatively, this trickles down into the manner on how they conuct business and work.
2 Extreme Family Centeredness. While love for family is one of the Filipinos' strength, it is also a weakness as one's love
and devotion for family clouds their judgement and decisions. This can sometimes be detrimental to the larger
community or the common good.
3 Lack of Discipline. The Filipino's lack of discipline direc encompasses several related characteristics such as aversion
following rules, poor time management, procrastination, inability to delay gratification, and compulsiveness. This stems
from the casual and relaxed attitude of the Filipinos. Our inability to delay gratification or reward results to the use of
shortcuts, in skirting the rules (the palusot syndrome), and in foolhardiness. Filipinos have also the tendency to be
ningas cogon or starting out projects with full vigor and interest which abruptly die down leaving things unfinished.
4 Passivity and Lack of Initiative. Filipinos are generally passive and lacking in initiative because of our reliance to our
strong faith and belief in fate. As such, filipinos are complacent and tend to rely or depend on others such as our leaders
to make things happen. Filipinos have a need for a strong authority figure and feel safer and more secure in the
presence of such an authority.
5 Kanya-Kanya Syndrome. Filipinos have a selfish, self- serving attitude that generates a feeling of envy and
competitiveness toward others, particularly one's peers who seem to have gained some status or prestige. This is also a
display of crab mentality that is prevalent among Filipinos, using intrigues and misinformation to damage the reputation
of other individuals perceived to be higher than them. There seems to be a basic assumption that another's gain is one's
loss.
6 Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection. There is a tendency among Filipinos to be superficial and flighty. In the face
of serious problems, both personal and social, there is lack of analysis or reflection in order to validate and make
conclusive decisions or actions.

 Filipinos person-oriented trait and emphasis on the importance of family relationship clouds the police officer's
judgement as well as the treatment of the individuals. In this case, the officer may show fairness to those who
have personal or professional connections with them, whilst unfair to others. This can also led to disregard of
rules to favor and maintain relationships.
 The Filipinos' family orientation is both a strength and a weakness giving the officer a sense of rootedness and
security. However, it also breeds a sense of in-group orientation that prevents from reaching out or seeing
beyond the family that will benefit the larger community and the nation.
 The Filipinos' flexibility, adaptability, and creativity allow us to adjust to any set of circumstances and to make
the best of the situation. However, this also results to the attitude of "playing it by the ear" where precision and
discipline in accomplishing tasks are compromised.
 The Filipinos' positivity and humor during difficult times make life bearable. However, there should be a balance
between positivity and the need to take certain situations or concerns seriously.
 The Filipinos' religiosity and faith in the Divine Being are sources of strength and courage, but also lead to an
external orientation that, keeps us passive and dependent on forces outside ourselves.
 The contradictions of pakikipagkapwa-tao, crab mentality, and the kanya-kanya mentality living within all
Filipinos.
 Filipinos are both other-oriented and capable of great empathy and yet self-serving, envious of others, and
unconstructively critical of one another.
 The Filipinos are both hard- working and lazy. Indeed, we see that we are capable of working long and hard at
any job.

CHAPTER IV
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
Introduction
Professional conduct and ethical standards and a high degree of honesty are essential for officers and members
of the PNP more than for any member of the society. This is because, they are entrusted with the enforcement of the
rules, regulations, and ordinances created by the city or the municipality and the laws of the land created by the
Congress that guide the conduct of society. A policeman's violation or infraction thereof, or his failure to enforce it,
dishonors the law and the authority he represents.
All members of the PNP shall abide and adhere to the provisions of Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical
Standards. In the end, a truly professional and dedicated law enforcer shall promote peace and order, ensure public
safety and enhance community participation guided by the principle that all public servants must at all times be
accountable to the people.
They shall serve with utmost responsibility, integrity morality, and efficiency with due respects to human right
and signify as hallmarks of a democratic society. They shall at all times bear faithful allegiances to the legitimate
government, support and uphold the constitution, respect the duly constituted authority, and be loyal to the service.
Definition of Terms:
To provide a clear understanding of certain terminologies, the following are defined based on their operational
and conceptual definitions:
1. Neglect of Duty or Nonfeasance The failure to perform an act where one is obligated or permitted to do either by law
or directive due to omission or failure to recognize the obligation.
2. Irregularities in the Performance of duty/ Misfeasance The improper performance of some act, which might lawfully
have done.
3. Misconduct or Malfeasance - The intentional commission of a prohibited act or intentional unjust performance of
some act of which the party had no right to perform or commit.
4. Misconduct - The wrong doing or violation of departmental procedures.
5. Incompetence The manifestation of lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory performance of police
duties. This is in reference to any lack of physical or intellectual quality, which substantially incapacitates one to perform
the duties of a peace officer.
6. Oppression The act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, domination, or excessive use of authority. The act of
oppression refers to the exercise of the unlawful powers or other means, in depriving an individual of his liberty or
property against a person's will.
7. Dishonesty The concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact relevant of one's office, or connected with the
performance of his duties.
8. Disloyalty to the Government - Consist of abandonment or renunciation of one's loyalty to the Government of the
Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of the government.
9. Violation of Law - Presupposes conviction in court of any crime or offense penalized under Revised Penal Code or any
special law or ordinance.
10. Corruption - The forbidden acts involving misuse of office for gain.
The most common types of corruption in the PNP are:
a. Case Fixing The subjective imposition of penalties or downright sabotage of the investigation process in exchange for
money or other things for personal gain.
b. Bribery - The receipt of cash or a gift in exchange for
past or future assistance in avoidance of prosecution. For example, in a claim that the officer is unable to make a positive
identification of a criminal or by being in the wrong place at a time when a crime occured, or by any other action that
may be excused as carelessness but not offered as proof of deliberate miscarriage of justice. It is distinguished from
extortion by the mutual understanding with regards to services to be performed
upon the acceptance of the gift
C. Extortion -The common practice of holding a "street court," where incidents such as minor traffic tickets can be
avoided through a cash payment without any receipt issued. This police have also been known to extort money from
nightclub owners and other businesses by threatening to enforce city health and zoning codes in exchange for money.
d. Protection The taking of money or other rewards from vice operators or from legitimate companies operating illegally
in return for protecting them from law enforcement activity.
e. Recycling - The use or sale of confiscated items and evidence, usually drugs or narcotics.
f. Selective Enforcement - Selective enforcement occurs when police officers exploit their officer discretion. For
example, a PNP member who releases a suspect due to what is commonly known as "areglo" or "balato" is a clear abuse
of his or her discretion and authority. On the reverse side, a police officer who arrests a person simply because the latter
"annoys" him is likewise guilty of selective enforcement.
g. Internal Pay-offs - The sales of work assignments, day-offs, holidays, vacation periods, and even promotions.
11. Favoritism The unfair "breaks" or favors to friends or relatives (nepotism).
12. "Rotten Apples" - The term refers to either weak individuals who have slipped through screening process or
succumbed to the temptations inherent in police work or deviant individuals who continue their deviance in an
environment that gives them ample opportunity.
Deviance Refers to the behavior inconsistent with the norms, values, orethics. There are different types of police
deviance, which are:
a. Police Gratuity - The receipt of free meals, services, or discounts.
b. Chiseling The officer's blatant demand for free services he or she has availed. c. Police Shakedown The police officer
extorts a business owner for protection money. d. Police Perjury -The act of tampering or withholding certain details or
information to "fix" or alter a persecution.
e. Police Brutality -The use of excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule, and disrespect.
✓ When a citizen charges police brutality they may be referring to the following:
Command to move or go home;
• Field stops and searches;
• Threats or implied violence;
• Prodding with night stick or approaching with pistol; and
• Use of physical force.
[Link] Profanity - Refers to the use of obscene and profane language.
g. Misuse of Confidential Information - This involves the jeopardization of ongoing investigations by leaking information
to friends, relatives, the public, the press, or in some cases directly to the criminal suspect or members of their gang.
13. Code Any system of rules and principles that govern an organization or a system. The law Enforcement Code of
Ethics is a basic system of ethical rules for police officers.
14. Principles-Arule of conduct which governs how individuals in a group or an organization is expected to behave. The
Code of Ethics are basic rules that every police officer must follow and a system of rules that must control your behavior
both on-duty and off- duty.
15. Oath-A formal and solemn commitment usually asking God and others to witness one's sincerity and intent to
perform what is oathed as clothed in truth.
Sex on Duty or Duty Related Terms used by Police:
1. Traffic Stops - Refers to the act of getting a closer look at a female or on the information about her.
2. Fox Hunting - Refers to the act of stopping college girls to get the "I'll do anything" routine.
3. Voyeurism Refers to window peeping or interrupting a lover's lane couples.
4. Victim Recontacts - Refers to the act of consoling victims who have psychological needs.
5. Opposite Sex Strip Searches Refers to the act of touching and/or having sexual intercourse with jail inmates.
6. Sexual Shakedown - Refers to the act of letting prostitutes go if they perform sex acts.

CHAPTER V
CODE OF ETHICS
United Nations' Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials

Article 1
Law enforcement officials shall at all times fulfill the duty imposed upon them by law, by serving the community
and by protecting all persons against illegal acts, consistent with the high degree of responsibility required by their
profession.
(a) The term "law enforcement officials", includes all officers of the law, whether appointed or elected, who exercise
police powers, especially the powers of arrest or detention.
(b) In countries where police powers are exercised by military authorities, whether uniformed or not, or by State
security forces, the definition of law enforcement officials shall be regarded as including officers of such services.
(c) Service to the community is intended to include particularly the rendition of services of assistance to those members
of the community who by reason of personal, economic, social or other emergencies are in need of immediate aid.
(d) This provision is intended to cover not only all violent, predatory and harmful acts, but extends to the full range of
prohibitions under penal statutes. It extends to conduct by T persons not capable of incurring criminal liability.

Article 2
 In the performance of their duty, law enforcement officials shall respect and protect human dignity and
maintain, and uphold the human rights of all persons.
(a) National commentaries to this provision should indicate regional or national provisions identifying and protecting
these rights.
Article 3
Law enforcement officials may use force only when strictly necessary and to the extent required for the performance of
their duty.
Article 4
Matters of a confidential nature in the possession of law enforcement officials shall be kept confidential, unless the
performance of duty or the needs of justice strictly require otherwise.
Article 5
No law enforcement official may inflict, instigate or tolerate any act of torture or other cruel inhuman ordegrading
treatment or punishment all officers nor may any law enforcement official invoke superior orders or exceptional
circumstances such as a state of war,or a threat of war threat to national security internalpolitical instability or any other
public emergency as a justification of torture or other cruel inhuman degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6
Law enforcement officials shall ensure the full protection of Persons in their custody and, in particular, shall take officials
shall the immadiate action to secure medical attention whenever required.
Article 7
Law enforcement officials shall not commit any act of corruption. They shall also rigorously oppose and combat all such
acts.
INTERPOL’S CODE OF CONDUCT FOR LAW INFORCEMENT OFFICERS
THE PRICIPLES
 The primary duties of law enforcement officers are the protection of life and property, the preservation of public
peace, and the prevention and detection of criminal offences. To fulfil these duties law enforcement officers are
granted extraordinary powers; citizens therefore have the right to expect the highest standards of conduct from
them.
 This Code sets out the principles which guide law enforcement officers' conduct. Where officers hold a discretion
whether or not to exercise their powers. The Code does not seek to restrict that discretion; it rather aims to
define the parameters of conduct within which that discretion should be exercised.
 This Code applies to the conduct of law enforcement officers in all ranks whilst on duty, or whilst off duty if the
misconduct
6. Confidentiality
Information which comes into the possession of a law enforcement agency should be treated as confidential. It should
not be used for personal benefit and nor should it be divulged to other parties except in the proper course of law
enforcement duty. Similarly, officers should respect, as confidential, information about law enforcement policy and
operations unless authorised to disclose it in the course of their duties. Personal comment should not be voiced in ways
or circumstances likely to damage public confidence in the organization or the profession.
7. Impairment
Whilst on duty officers must not be impaired due to alcohol or narcotic abuse. Officers should not consume alcohol
when on duty unless specifically authorised to do so or it becomes necessary for the proper discharge of their duty.
Officers must not consume illegal narcotics whether on or off duty except with the prior knowledge and informed
consent of their organization.
An officer who is unexpectedly called out for duty should be able, at no risk of discredit, to say that he or she has
consumed alcohol and may not be ready for duty.
8. Appearance
Unless on duties which dictate otherwise, officers should always be smart, clean and tidy whilst on duty in uniform or in
plain clothes.
9. General Conduct
Whether on or off duty, law enforcement officers should not behave in a way which is likely to bring discredit upon their
organization or the profession. This principle applies to former law enforcement officers too.
10. Cooperation and Partnership
Law enforcement officers should cooperate with and assist others lawfully mandated to prevent and detect crime within
the same jurisdiction, and beyond with the consent of the competent authorities in each jurisdiction.
'We believe in a free and just society. To be truly just, society must embrace high standards of integrity and openly resist
corruption.
To this end we join with the community to ensure such standards and accept responsibility to fight all forms of
corruption through education, prevention, and effective law enforcement.'
Interpol's Code of Ethics for Law Enforcement Officers'
I hold my law enforcement powers on behalf of the people. Through my professional and personal example, I shall
demonstrate that I respect them and I shall strive to realise their high expectations of me.I am sworn to protect them
and I shall enforce their laws in good faith, fairly, with courage and integrity, to the best of my [Link] so doing, I shall
build their trust and confidence in the law. I shall never betray them by wilfully abusing my powers, authority or
knowledge. To these ends, I serve the people'.
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard life andproperty; to protect the
innocent against deception, weak against oppression or intimidation and the peaceful against violence or disorder, and
to respect the constitutional rights of all men, liberty, equality and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an exampleto all/ maintain courageous calm in the faceof danger; scorn or
ridicule; develop self-restraint and be constantly mindful of the welfare of the others. Honest in thought and deed in
both my personal and official life. I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and regulations of my organization.
Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or is confided to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless
revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence my decision; with
no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals. I will enforce the law courteously and
appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill, never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting
gratuities in return.
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and accept it as a Public trust to be held so long as I am true
to the ethics of police service. I will never engage in acts of corruption bribery, nor will I condone such acts by other
police officers. I will cooperate with all legally authorized agencies and their representatives in the pursuit of justice.
I know that I alone is responsible for my own standard or professional performance and will take every reasonable
opportunity to enhance and improve my level of knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to achieve these
objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession.... Law Enforcement.
A. As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind.
The gist of this passage is contained in two words: "duty and service." Too often it is forgotten that law enforcement is
not just a job as it is a sworn duty. There are progressive police departments that require reaffirmation of these oath to
emphasize the importance of the message. This will remind the officer of the relationship between his job and the
society he lives in.
The word "serve" denotes the denial of one's own pleasures and desire for the good of the larger community. This
requires both dedication and sacrifice from a police officer.
Professional law enforcement has no place for the officer whose philosophy in life is: "What is in it for me?" In the
present society, the crooked or dishonest law enforcement officer is finding nless it increasingly more difficult to
materially profit from his job.. He is rapidly becoming out-of-place like a horse and buggy on a modern lings, freeway.
B. To safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or
intimidation; and the peaceful against violence or disorder
We must, however, understand some of the limitations that are present in a truly democratic society. In such a
society as ours, this task can often be a difficult one, because protecting the rights of the individual means also
protecting the right of the criminal. This is sometimes a hard pill for law enforcement officers to swallow
As a result, some officers stray politically to the far right in an effort to either seek a system where their job
would be made easier, or to better protect the society that they have sworn to serve. It is easy for an officer to become
bitter when he has continually witnessed justice being thwarted by red tape politics and technicalities of the law. The
more idealistic he is, the more frustrated he can become, which can be aggravated by lack of personal philosophy or
understanding of one's purpose in the society.
The work of the police officer is both simple and complicated ad thet deal with people and not objects, hence
there are factors that should be considered.
 It is complicated in that the most unpredictable of all commodities, with which a person can work, is man itself.
It is the policeman's relationship with people that necessitate that law enforcement becomes a profession.
There is a lesson to be learned from the legions of officers before us who suffered so greatly from broken spirits.
The lesson is that our satisfaction in law enforcement must come from doing our job to the best of our abilities, and not
be dependent upon the final outcome of our cases.
C. To respect the constitutional rights of all men to liberty equality andjustice
Respecting the rights of others is not of man's natural qualities. It is in his nature to suspect and persecute those
who are different from himself. There is no perfect justice or justice system. Still, we must strive for a form of justice that
best represents and benefits the society which may entail commununal or individual sacrifices.
Another fault of police officers is committing prejudice and hasty generalizations againts criminals. Such a
prejudice could lead to the faulty conclusion and a general feeling of prejudice against all those who have been
convicted of prior offenses, and an almost subconscious refusal to accord them the same right that the Constitution
provides for all persons.
The present laws provide a fair deal as is humanly attainable ts to all person subject to the law. In many cases,
the officers feel that our system of jurisprudence is too lenient, and helps the criminal at the expense of society as a
whole.
To address this concern, there are several options or usually witness people would rights. This would be the old
Roman philosophy of be accorded a high degree of protection, but have Technicalities few personali est Suprema Lex"
(the safety of the people is the supreme law).
Personal rights and public protection are on opposite ends of a fixed scale. The increase of one leads to the
decrease of the other. Hence, when society is threatened, the first immediate action is restriction. For example the
implementation of curfew. However, certain conditions or provisions are not conductive to a democratic society.
D. I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all
One of the first things that a law enforcement officer must learn is that he has no private life. Every citizen
should be entitled to his own private life yet when a person accepts the calling of law enforcement, as a voluntary
measure, he must be willing to offer his privacy as a sacrifice to the good of the community which he serves.
As a law enforcer, he will be in constant observation and monitoring from the community he lives in. This aIl
men to lives their opinion and judgement of him as a person observation will fuel which could either be positive or
negative. In some instances, the police officer's actions will lead to the development of negative 's natural qual feelings
towards him which can be used as a justification for that citizen's misbehavior. e who are different upon.
In addition, the officer is also prone to negative influence such as moral degeneration and temptation through
constant exposure. If he is not constantly on guard and his values intact, these people ting prejudice can have a negative
influence on him. Female offender and female friends of offenders are often willing to offer their bodies to police
officers in the hopes of receiving some leniency should they or their friends be arrested. Since most police officers work
at night, they come in contact with women who also work at night, such as car hops café waitresses, bar maids, theater
usherettes, and similar occupation of being promiscuous, and it is very easy for a law enforcer to be blackmailed, which
can have a negative effect in the struggle for professional recognition.
The community are alert to these transgressions of a moral nature which may result to jadedness and
withdrawal of support to law enforcement.
E. Maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule and develop self restraint
The public expects that police officers are ready to face any form of danger. This is because most people
perceive that police work is only limited to car chasing with guns blazing or physical combat with criminals.
However, a police'e work is not only confined to fighting criminals. The work also involves enduring public scorn,
judgement, or scrutiny. This puts a great a challenge for officers to earn the respect of the community. This leads to the
realization that police work is nor about position of power or authority.
In a democratic government, a police officer is a public officer and as such is a servant to the community. Instead
of being above reproach or ridicule, he must perceive his position, as part of his job. Hence, the officer must elarn to
control his emotions and must always act in accordance to the oath he has sworn. This means rising above the situations
and being constantly level-headed in his reactions and actions.
F. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official capacity will be kept secret
unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty
 It is expected from the officers to treat information with confidentiality at all times. Disgretion in the use of this
information should always be practiced in the interest of jurisprudence. This means that, an officer should not share any
information relative to the cases that he is handling to any of his family members or his friends.
G. I will never permit personal feelings, prejudice, animosities or friendship to influence my decisions"
It is difficult to know which desire is strongest in some persons, to help our friends or to hurt our enemies. Both
desires are part of our ons of a mora both hurt enemies and help friends, and it takes a person of strong human nature.
Helping friends is a good thing in itself, but when it involves an inequality in the administration of justice we are defiling
the oath we made. In police work, there is ample opportunity to character to properly perform his duties under these
circumstances. Without professional convictions, this can be impossible.
H. I will never act officiously
One of the faults that is common to new officers is that they often act officiously. They appear to the public to
be over-impressed with their own importance or overbearing. In a way this is natural because it is associated with pride
and a new officer is usually very proud for his is a noble undertaking. However, a law enforcement officer must always
guard against having this pride misinterpreted by the public as being merely officious.
In most cases of apparent officiousness, it is simply a matter of the officer not knowing how to act. Most police
academe greatly neglects the area of teaching the officers how to act and play the role that is expected of him in public.
There are so many facts that have to be poured into the recruit's head, that it leaves little time for role-playing.
The majority of the people who make contact with a law enforcer during his duty are not criminals. The majority
of the people receiving tickets from an officer are normally law abiding, upright citizens of the community, and are
usually embarrassed by being caught in a traffic violation without being talked e or that treated like a criminal. Judges
often report that common reason for a person appearing in traffic court is not so much to contest the facts of the
offense, but as to file a complaint about the demeanor of the officer issuing the citation.

[Link] no compromise for crimeand with relentless prosecution of criminals I will enforce the law courteously and
appropriately relative without fear or favor, malice or ill will
The phrase "with no compromise for crime" means that there will be no exceptions to certain crimes in the
implementation of the law.
This means that the law will be enforced regardless of who the victim and the criminal is. However, this also means that
law enforcement will be done appropriately and in accordance with the Code of Ethics and the constitution.
The modern law enforcement officer's motto should "Be firm but fair." Which means that fairness and just
should always be exercises. Criminals should be afforded respect as all human beings deserve to be respected.
The religious teachings stress that we should hate sin but love man. This means that we should hate the crime
but not the criminal For some it is easy to hate the criminals and they are consumed by the flame of this hatred. Some
officers feel that their job is to punish by venting their anger on these criminals. The present system of criminal justice
assigns no duties of punishment to the law enforcement officer. The role of punishment belongs to the people in
Corrections and Penology. Hence personal vindictiveness has no room in law enforcement.
J. I will never employ unnecessary force or violence
At times the use of force in the performance of one's duties is an absolute necessity. The use of force or violence
during interrogations will often produce immediate confessions. However, bit should be avoided on ethical ground in
that the suspect is always assumed innocent unless otherwise proven by the court. Hence, the interrogator's use of
force or the "third degree" is a miscarriage of justice as well as violation of professional conduct.
It is not the function of law enforcement to punish criminals. This belongs to the courts and prisons.
The unnecessary force or violence should be avoided during interrogations because if the judge even suspects
that force were used to obtain a confession, it would be thrown out of court, and chances are the case would be lost.
In a society composed of individuals conscious of their rights. the use of force or violence as a common practice
would invalidate all the confessions that were obtained.
K. I will never accept gratuities
The topic of accepting gratuities generates heated and emotional discussions among police officers.

Ethics, with the sole intent of receiving something in return; second, gratuity This is where both ethics and social
relations intersect. Gratuities take two main forms first, is the gratuity given by a person that is given solely but of a for
respect for law.
 Those who favor gratuities usually feel that the second form alway is all right but not the first. They feel that the
key to gratuities is as follows: "Will this in any way affect the proper performance of any duties?" In other words, if the
officer were to observe the person, utlo giving the gratuity, commit some violation whether it be an hour or day later,
will he be able to treat him fairly as he would to a stranger?
Those members of law enforcement who developed this code, were certainly aware of the complexities of this
particular area, but the use of the word "never" in relation to accepting gratuities, indicated that they felt that this was a
necessary and essential prerequisite to professional law enforcement. To be truly professional we must first be ethical,
we must do what is actually described, not merely to be desirable.
L. I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I
am true to the ethics of police service
The essence of this section is one of the most overlooked and forgotten facets of law enforcement... It is this line
that distinguishes the law enforcement from other professions.
It is this oath that enables an officer to endure the suffering, the Criminal difficulties, and problems that they
encounter in their performance of their job. At this, this leads to frustration and discouragement.
The police officer should be made to understand that he is one pf the selected, and that his job involves earning
and public trust. The new officer should also understand personal reward will not be obtained from the public as a favor
for his actions or his deeds. The officers' greatest reward is the self- respect and satisfaction that comes from the
knowledge that the job invalid was done in a truly professional manner.
M. I will constantly strive to achieve these objective and ideals dedicating myself before God to my chosen
profession.... law enforcement
Proficiency and commitment in law enforcement involves mental, moral, and physical factors. The officer who
let himself slip in any form is certainly not qualified to protect the society.
The officer who is in good physical condition has more confidence in his ability and his implementation of law
enforcement. Unfortunately, many police officers neglect keeping themselves physically fit which affects their job
performance.
Another way in which the professional officer may keep abreast is to devote so many hours each week to
reading professional law enforcement books, journals or magazines that are now available.
Since most of this reading will be on the officer's own time, it is essential that he develop the initiative that is so
common to other professions. The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics has been broken down and discussed in details in an
effort to awaken the reader's awareness of the importance of the code as a means of achieving professional standing.
However, knowing and understanding the code of ethics is not enough. It must be practiced and be reflected on the lives
of police officers.
Police Officers' Pledge (POP)
1. I will love and serve God, my country and people;
2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of the duly constituted authorities;
3. I will oblige myself to maintain high standard of morality and professionalism;
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others.
The Police Officer's pledge should be recited during the following o common to day occasions.
 Flag hoisting and flag lowering ceremonies, jointly with the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag (Panunumpa sa
Watawat)
 PNP Training/Course Opening and Closing Ceremonies
 Seminars on Moral Values Internalization
 Other Ceremonies of PNP

Police Code Covenant

I shall recognize and will always be conscious of the fact that the police service is an honorable calling, thus
compelling me to set the example by strictly adhering to the provision of the code of professional conduct and ethical
standards.
I bind myself to promote and enhance the noble ideals and aspirations of the code in my personal and
professional life and ensure that its tenets shall be honored at all times.
This is my personal covenant.
 Policeman's Prayer
Lord God Almighty, grant us that we may this day and every day over all temptation specially to injustice and
disloyalty and with our minds inflamed by your holy spirit performed all our duties in such a manner that as maybe
pleasing to your divine will so that when call to report for the last time, we may not be found wanting. Amen.

The Police Core Values

The police service is a noble profession and demands from its members specialized knowledge and skills and
high standard of ethics and morality. In this regard, the members of the PNP must adhere to and internalize the
enduring core values such as:

 Love of God
 Respect for authority
 Respect for women
 Respect for the sanctity of marriage
 Stewardship over material things
 Responsible dominion
 Truthfulness
The Police Officer's Creed
1. I believe in God, the Supreme Being a Great Provider, the Creator of all men and every thingdear to me. In return, I
can do less than love Him above all, seek His guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all
times.
2. I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and uphold the constitution, the laws of the land and the
applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal
orders of my superior officers. 3. I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.
4. I believe in the sanctity of marriage and the respect for women. I shall set the example of decency and morality, and
shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
5. I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious display
of my property. I shall protect the environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall respect
private and public properties and prevent others from destroying it
6. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all time as required by my
profession.
Fundamental Principles
The rigid application of fundamental principles in police work PNP must the profession, they are: is necessary to
avoid human rights violation and maintain respect of profession, they are;
1. "The people have the responsibility to prevent and control crime, disorder and oppression by influential/political
groups, abusive soldiers, tyrannical policeman, and decadent society."
2 "The police have the responsibility to recognize that the fulfilment of its functions is dependent upon community
approval of its existence, and on its ability to obtain and maintain responsive support and participative cooperation."
3. "The police have the responsibility to recognize that in order to secure and maintain the approval, support and
cooperation of the public, it has a collateral responsibility of securing the willing assistance of the public in the task of
securing observance of law."
4. "The police have the responsibility to recognize that when the community cooperates and assists the police it
diminishes proportionately the need for the use of physical force and compulsion in achieving law enforcement
objectives."
Eleven (11) Canons of Police Ethics
1. Primordial Police Responsibility
a. The primary objective of the police is the prevention of crime. The policeman know that he has committed his life to
defend and protect the rights of the citizen and uphold the law at all cost.
2. Limitation of Police Authority - The police officer as an upholder of the law must know its limitation upon him in
enforcing the law, thus:
a. He must be aware of the limitations, which the people, through law, have placed him.
b. He must recognize the center of the democratic system of government, which gives person or group of persons,
absolute power.
c. He must insure that he does not pervert its true character.
3. Knowledge of the law and other responsibility
a. The policeman shall constantly or devotedly apply himself to the principles of the laws, which he is sworn to apply.
b. He will make certain of his responsibilities in the particular field of enforcement, seeking aid of his superior in matters
technically or in principles are not clear to him.
c. He shall make special effort to fully understand his relationship with law enforcement agencies, particularly on
matters of jurisdiction, both geographically and substantively.
4. Use of proper means to obtain proper ends.
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to have strict selection of methods in discharging the duty of his
office.
b. Violation of law or public safety and property on the part of the officer are intrinsically wrong.
c. The employment of illegal methods, no matter how worthy the end, is certain to encourage disrespect for the law and
its officers. If the law is to be honored, it should be honored first by those who enforce it.
5. Cooperation with public officials
a. The policeman shall cooperate fully with the other public officials in the performance or authorized duties, regardless
of party affiliation or personal prejudices.
6. Proper conduct and behavior
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as an upholder of law.
b. Police laxity of conduct or manner in private life, expressing either disrespect for the law or seeking to gain special
prevail, cannot but reflect upon in the policeman and the police service.
c. The community and the services require that the policeman leads the life of decent and honorable person, following
the career of policeman gives no special pre- requisite.
7. Conduct towards the community
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community.
b. He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to instill respect.
c. He shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence and trust.
8. Conduct in arresting law violator
a. Policeman shall use his powers were of arrest in accordance with the law with due regard to the rights of the citizens
concerned.
b. He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and limitation regarding the detention of the
accused.
c. He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility of having to use force.
d. He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the equitable upholding of the law, whether in the handling of the
accused or law-abiding citizen.
9. Firmness in refusing gifts or favors
a. Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in his conduct, the honor
and integrity of all government institution.
b. He shall guard against placing himself in a position in which the public can reasonably assume that special
consideration is being given.
10. Impartial presentation of evidence
a. Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and recognize his res responsibilities as a public
servant.
b. He shall strive to make the best possible application of science to the solution of the crime and in the field of human
relation.
c. He shall strive for effecting leadership and public influence in matters affecting public safety.
d. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his office, and hold police work to be an honorable profession
rendering valuable service to the community.
e. Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level of knowledge and competence that is
essential for the efficient and effective performance of duty. The development that should be pursued constantly.
Ten (10) Professional Police Principles
1. Prevention of Crime and Disorder
a. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder as an alternative to the repression of
crime and disorder by police force and severity of legal punishment.
2. Cooperation of the Community
a. The police must secure the willing cooperation in the voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and
maintain the respect and support of the community.
b. The ability of the police to perform their duty is dependent upon the community support of police existence, actions.
behavior, and ability of the police to secure and maintain community respect.
3. Unreasonable Force Reduce Community Cooperation
a. A police officer should never employ unnecessary force or violence and will use only such force in the discharge of
duty as in reasonable in all circumstances.
b. Force should be used only with the greatest restraint and only after discussion, negotiation, and persuasion have been
found to be inappropriate or ineffective. While the use of force is occasionally unavoidable, every police officer will
refrain from applying the unnecessary infliction of pain or suffering and will never engage in cruel, degrading, or
inhuman treatment of any person.
4. Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is insufficient
a. The police should use reasonable force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order
only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient to attain police objectives.
b. No violence or unnecessary force shall not be subject to any greater restrain than is necessaryfor his detention.
5. Impartial Enforcement of Laws
a. The police seek and preserve community favor, not catering to community opinion, but constantly demonstrating
absolutely impartial enforcement of laws, without regard to justice and injustice of the substance of particular laws.
b. Impartial enforcement of laws on all individual members of the society without regard to their race or social standing.
6. The Community and the Police
a. The police, at all times, should maintain relationship with the community that gives really to the historic tradition that
the police are the people.
b. The police are the only members of the community who are paid to give full time attention to maintain peace and
order which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of the community welfare.
7. Police Should not Usurp Judicial Powers
a. The police should always direct their actions strictly The rod their functions and never appears to usurp the powers of
judiciary by avenging individuals of authoritative judging guilt or punishing. of the state
8. Reduction of Crime and Disorder
a. The test of police efficiency is the reduction of crime and disorder until totally eradicated not by evidence of police
present and action dealing with the community.
9. Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed
a. Policemen engaged in anti-crime operation always consider the safety and security of who might be caught in the
crossfire or arm encounters.
b. The use of force including the use of firearm is justifiable only by virtue of the Doctrine of Self-defense, Defense of
Relatives and Defense of a stranger.
c. The use of force, especially firearms should be applied only as a last resort, when all other peaceful and non- violent
means has been exhausted.
d. The use of force, especially firearms, should be confined only in lawless elements and the responding PNP unit. This is
inherent in the police service in which the profession, the armaments and safety of the life of every PNP member are
dedicated to the protection and safety of the people.
10. Police Discretion
a. A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position and exercise if within the law. The principle of
reasonableness will guide the office's determinations and the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances whether
any legal action shall be taken.
b. Consistent and wise use of discretion, based on professional policing competence, will do much to preserve good
relationship and retain the confidence of the public. There can be difficulty in choosing between conflicting courses of
action. It is important to remember that a timely word of advice rather than arrest-which may be correct in appropriate
circumstances can be a more effective means of achieving a desired end.
PNP's Stand on Basic Issues
In the past years, the PNP has confronted many issues and concerns pertaining to the systems or its law enforcers which
greatly affected how the public perceive the organization and its members. Some of these issues are the following:
PNP Image - The image of any organization affects the esprit de corps, morale, welfare of the members, and sense of
pride to the organization. Thus, all members of the PNP should act in a manner that would reflect best on the PNP and
live by the PNP's core values.
 Police must endeavor to avoid negative values suchas:
a. immodest living - outside of modest living
b. mistress maintenance - bigamous or polygamous life
c. absenteeism-sick with "malingeritis" and tardiness
d. hoodlum alliance maintaining alliances with pickpockets and with crime syndicates
e. bata-bata "nakasandal sa pader" syndrome
f. hate syndrome a form of bullying towards another person
g. discourtesy - undesirable conduct and without regards to others
h. indiscipline lack of discipline and no self-control
i. gossip/double talk spreading of rumours of misinformation
Career Management to Promote Professionalism Its improper implementation will greatly prejudice the personnel
professionalization process as regards procurement, promotion. assignment, placement, training, awards, and
retirement. To address these flaws, the PNP shall formulate a stringent policy and strictly implement the human
resources development system, compatible to equitable distribution of procurement, fair promotion. rationalized
approach in assignment, skill development, immediate grant of reward, and decent living uponretirement.
Police Management Leadership law enforcement The effectiveness of the is reflective of the managerial capabilities and
competent leadership of men and women who run organization. It is therefore a must that these attributes be the the
PNP primary basis for consideration in the selection of personnel for employment and deployment purposes.
Equality in the Service there shall be judicious equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one's worth in the police
service. The problem on inequality through class orientation and factionalism, both real and perceived, premise on
favored assignment, inequitable opportunity, of training, unfair granting of promotion, and untimely awarding of
achievements will create an atmosphere of demoralization. This results to inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the
detriment of the organization. It behooves therefore on the PNP leadership to address the situation. The civilian
character the organization requires adherence to the rule on merit and fitness system and to dissociate the above
process from class orientation polygamous and factionalism.
Delicadeza- In consonance with requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP, all PNP members must have the moral
courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time - honored principle of delicadeza.
Police Lifestyle - The PNP shall endeavor to promote lifestyle for every member of the organization that is acceptable
and respectable in the eyes of the public. They must be free from greed, corruption, and exploitation. The public expects
a police officer to live a simple, yet credible and dignified life.
Political Patronage - All PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining
to assignment, awards, training and promotion.
Human Rights - All PNP members must respect and protect human dignity and man's inalienable rights to life, liberty
and property.
Setting Example - All PNP members shall set good example to their subordinates and follow good example from
superiors.
CHAPTER VI
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD
Police Professional Conduct
All members of the PNP shall observe the following professional conduct:
1. Commitment to Democracy
a Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the democratic way of life and values and maintain the
principles of public accountability.
b Public office is a public trust. Public officer must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost
responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and live a modest life.
c They shall at all times uphold the constitution and be loyal to our country, people and organization above loyalty to
any person or organization.
2. Commitment to Public Interest
a PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above personal interest
b All government properties, resources and powers of their respective offices must be employed and used effectively,
honestly and efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage ofpublic funds and revenues.
3. Non-Partisanship
a PNP members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination regardless of party affiliation in accordance
with existing laws and regulations.
4. Physical Fitness and Health
a. All PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good health at all times. Toward this end, they
shall undergo regular physical exercises and monial medical medical facility.
5. Secrecy Discipline
a. All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information against unauthorized disclosure, including
confidential aspects of official business, special orders, communications and other documents, roster or any portion
thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal records, identities of person who may have given information to the police in
confidence and other classified information on intelligence material.
 Official Business: Members of the PNP shall treat official business confidential and shall not impart the same to
anyone except those for whom it is intended, or as directed by their superior officer, or as required by law.
 Special Order: PNP members shall not divulge to any unauthorized person any special order or classified
document which they may be made accessible to or may receive or may pass their hands.
 Roster: PNP Members shall not divulge the roster or any portion thereof to any individual, firm or corporation,
or similar entity.
 Criminal Record: Contents of criminal record shall not be exhibited or divulge any person other than duly
authorized police officers or upon approval of their superior officers, or as required bylaw.
 Identity of Person: PNP members shall respect the confidence of persons who may give information or seek the
aid of the police names and business or addresses be not made publicexcept when required by law, or which it is
absolutely necessary in the performance of duty.
6. Social Awareness
a. All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to actively get involved in the religious,
social and civic activities to enhance the image of the organization but without affecting their official duties.
7. Proper Care and Use of Public Property
a. All PNP members shall be responsible for the security, proper care and use of public property issued to them and/
or deposited under their care and custody. Unauthorized use of public property for personal convenience or gain and
that of their family, friends, and relatives is strictly prohibited.
b. Retiring, reassigning, or dismissed members of the PNP shall immediately surrender their badges, service firearms,
identification cards, other insignia of office, and other property of the PNP which may be in their possession or under
their responsibility.
C. All recovered property, used in the commission of crime or alleged to be so, property legally seized, found or
surrender and those found on the person of a prisoner shall be properly tagged and immediately delivered to the proper
custodian for disposition.
8. Non-Solicitation of Patronage
a. All PNP members shall seek self-improvement through career development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit
influence or recommendation from politicians, high ranking government officials, prominent citizens, persons affiliated
with civic or religious organizations with regard to their assignments, promotions, transfer or those of other members of
the force, nor shall initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens their behalf.
b. Moreover, they shall advise immediate relatives not to interfere in the activities in the police service, particularly in
the assignment and reassignment of personnel.
c. Members of PNP shall not, at any time, suggest, solicit or recommend to any party or accused with pending case, the
employment of any particular bondsman or counsel for his defense or release.
9. Respect for Human Rights
a. In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect human dignity and uphold human rights of all persons.

b. No member shall inflict, instigate, or tolerate extrajudicial killings, arbitrary arrests, anyact of torture or other cruel
inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment.
c. He shall not invoke superior orders or exceptional security, internal political instability or any public emergency as a
justification for committing such human rights violations.
10. Devotion to Duty
A. All PNP Members shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm, determination,
and manifest concern for public welfare.
b. He shall refrain from engaging in any activity which shall in conflict with his duties as a public servant.
He shall not rein sickness or injury or physical incapacity to avoid performance of duty.
d. He shall not leave his assigned jurisdiction of official business, except by permission of hissuperior officer or other
competent authority, unless such permission is not practical as in hot pursuit of a criminal, in which case a report must
be made immediately thereafter.
11. Conservation of Natural Resources
a. All members of the PNP shall help in the development and conservation of our natural resources for ecological
balance and posterity as these are the inalienable heritage of our people.
12. Discipline
a. PNP policemen shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules andregulations of the organization.
Tenets of Discipline
All policemen at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets of ticular bonds discipline, which include the following:
✓ One of the first signs of discipline is the stage of orderliness and cleanliness of the policeman's place or work. If a
police station is un-kept, people cannot expect the kind of positive respondsto their needs.
✓ All police actions must be characterized by courtesy and discipline.
✓ All objectives of the PNP must always be for the Public interest and not private interest. The people must feel that
they are welcome to approach any member of the PNP for assistance.
✓ All citizens must be treated with dignity and respect.
✓ All police actions must be in accordance with the law. Respect for human rights and other lawsof the land must be
primordial concern in the exercise of Police duties.
✓ Basic police service must be rendered, equitably for all citizens and must not be given inexchange for any favor,
reward or condition.
✓ Involvement of police personnel in syndicated crime particularly illegal gambling must not betolerated.
✓ There is no substitute for leadership by example. Police Commanders, as model of public service, must show proper
behavior not only to their subordinates but also to the people.
13. Loyalty
a. Above all, PNP members must be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as manifested by their loyalty to the
superiors, peers and subordinates as well.
14. Obedience to Superior
a. All PNP members shall obey lawful orders and to be courteous to superior officers and other appropriate authorities
within the chain of command.
b. No members shall use abusive, insulting or indecent language to another member.
15. Command Responsibility
a. In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility, immediate commanders shall be responsible for the
effective supervision, control and direction of their personnel.
b. He shall see to it that all government resources shall be managed, expended or utilized in accordance with laws and
regulations and safeguards against losses through illegal or improper disposition.
Police Ethical Standards
It shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values. Ethical acts to be observed are the following:
1. Morality-All PNP shall adhere to high standard of morality and decency and shall set good examples for other to
follow. Hence among others, and in no instance during their terms of office shall they be involved as owners, operators,
managers or investors in any house of ill- repute or illegal gambling den or other places devoted to vices; nor shall they
patronize such places unless on official duty, and tolerate operating of such establishments in their respective areas of
responsibilities. They shall be faithful to their lawfully wedded spouses.
2 Judicious Use of Authority - PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the performance of
duty.
• Law of the Jungle
A PNP member, who happens to be victim of assault upon himself in his capacityas an agent of a person in authority,
cannot take the law into his own hands. Such being the case, he has to ask police assistance to apply for search warrant
and serve such warrant as any other citizen would ordinarily do if ever he is a victim or a complainant of any act
punishable by law.
• The basic foundation of the rule is based on the fact that society could not exist as a group of people who are living in a
territory unless they govern themselves by rule and regulations, because if they were not- law of the jungle will prevail.
• The term "Law of the Jungle" is derive from the word jungle itself, because in the jungle, in order that the "King of the
Jungle" the lion could continue to live or exist, it has to kill its fellow creatures and/or use them for food. But man is
higher than animals. He is wise and uses his power to think, unlike animals that they are only governed by their instincts.
3. Integrity - PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest practices in accordance
with the provisions of RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards of Public Officials and Employees) and other
applicable laws.
Integrity: Closely related to honesty, integrity is the firm and incorruptible adherence tothe code of moral values. To
truly follow the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics requires not only firmness but great inner strength and character.
4. Justice PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of other so that they can fulfill their duties and
exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders, or in other capacities and to see to it
that others do likewise.
5. Humility All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the masters of the people and
toward this end; they should perform their duties without arrogance. They should also recognize their own
inadequacies, inabilities and limitations as individuals and perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting
the applause of others.
6. Orderliness All PNP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize
waste in the use of time, money and effort.
7. Perseverance - Once a decision is made, all PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the goal even in the
face of internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which might weaken their resolve in the course of time.
POLICE CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions based on the desirable practices of the police
service traditions aba serve as inspiration as the PNP endeavors to attain is goals and objectives.
Definition of Terms:
To provide a better understanding of the lesson and discussions in this chapter, the following terminologies are defined:
1. Customs This refers to the established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that have obtained the force
of law.
2. Traditions - This refers to the bodies of beliefs, stories, and customs effect of an unwritten law.
3. Courtesy- This pertains to a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.
4. Ceremony - This pertains to a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to special
occasion.
5. Social Decorum-This refers to a set of norms and standards practiced by members during socials and other functions.
Police Customs on Courtesy
1. Salute The Salute is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing persons
entitled to a salute.
2. Salute to National Color and Standard - The members stand at attention and salute the national color and standard as
it passes by them or when the national color is raised of lowered during ceremonies.
3. Address/Title-The junior in rank addresses senior members who are entitled to salute with the word"sir."
4. Courtesy Calls - The following are the customs on courtesy calls:
a. Courtesy call of newly assigned appointed member
PNP members, who are newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command, call on the Chief of the Unit or Command
and to other key personnel for accounting, orientation, and other purposes.

b. New Year's Call

The PNP members pay a New Year's call on their commanders and/or key official in their respective areas of
responsibility.
c. Promotion Call
Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this occasion, they are usually given duly recognition and
congratulations by their peers for such deserved accomplishment.
d. Exit Call
PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in the unit or command when relieved or reassigned out of the said unit
or command.
e. Courtesy of the Post
The host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the command or unit.
f. Rank has its own Privilege (RHIP)
PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks carry with them corresponding privileges.
1. Flag Raising Ceremony The PNP members honor the flag by hoisting it and singing the National Anthem before the
start of the official day's work.
2. Flag Lowering Ceremony- At the end of the official day's work, the PNP members pause for a moment to salute the
lowering of the flag.
3. Half-Mast - The flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the command.
4. Funeral Service and Honors Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP members are
given vigil, neurological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell.
5. Ceremony Tendered to Retirees - In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service tothe PNP, a testimonial
activity is tendered in their honor.
6. Honor Ceremony-Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with
the grade of Chief Superintendent, and above and AFP officers of equivalent grade, unless waived.
7. Turn-over Ceremony - of command or key position is publicly announced in a turn- over ceremony by the outgoing
and incoming officers in the presence of the immediate superior or his representative. Outgoing commander/ director
should not leave his post without proper turn-over. Turn-over includes turnover of properties or equipment and human
and material resources.
8. Wedding Ceremony - During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with the participants in uniform
and swords drawn
9. Anniversary - The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an anniversary
ceremony.
Police Customs on Social Decorum
1. Proper Attire - PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the occasion.
2. Table Manners - PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
3. Social Graces PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people during social functions.
4. Uniform/Appearance-The public looks upon PNP members as distinctively a man among men. It is a welcome sight
when PNP members wear their uniform properly wherever they may be. Since disciplined PNP members are best
exemplified, by those who are neat in appearance and wearing the prescribed uniform, they must therefore observe the
following:
a. Wearing of prescribed uniform awards, and decorations earned should be in accordance with the prescribed rules and
regulations.
b. Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.
5. Manner of Walking - Every PNP member is expected to walk with pride and dignity.
Other Police Customs
1. Visiting the Sick - PNP members who are sick in the hospital, their residence, or any place of confinement is visited by
their immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit in order that their needs are attended to.
2. Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members When PNP members die, a survivor officer is designated to render
maximum assistance to their legitimate bereaved family until all benefits due shall have been received.
3. Visiting the Religious Leaders The PNP officers visit religious leaders in their area of assignment to establish or
maintain rapport and cooperation between the different religious leaders and the PNP.
4. Athletics-All PNP members participate in physical fitness activities to ensure that their proper physical appearance
and bearing are maintained with the waist line measurement always smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity
with the standard set forth by organization.
5. Happy Hours - Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather together at their
PNP club for a light hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.
Tradition
 Refers to a body of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation with the
effect of an unwritten law. Some of these trations are:
1. Spiritual Beliefs The PNP members are traditionally religious and God loving persons. They attend religious services
together with the members of their family.
2. Valor - History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of the valor in defending the
country from aggression and oppression. They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom
they have pledged to serve.
3. Patriotism-The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of country with a pledge
of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.
4. Discipline - The discipline of PNP members are manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and through
spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms.
5. Gentlemanliness The PNP members are upright in character, polite in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere
in their concern to their fellowmen.
6. Word of Honor - The PNP members' word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it.
7. Duty The PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who perform their tasks
with a deep sense of responsibility and self- sacrifice.
8. Loyalty The policemen are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by history and practice.
9. Camaraderie - The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to
the people they serve, is manifested by the PNP members deep commitment and concern to one another.