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IAS AI3021 Unit 5 Full

It in agriculture system

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1K views35 pages

IAS AI3021 Unit 5 Full

It in agriculture system

Uploaded by

ziegenbalgbenjamin2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Expert systems, decision support systems, Agricultural and biological databases, e-commerce, e business systems & pplicetions, Technology enhanced learning systems and Solutions, € learning, Rural development and information society. S$... EGOVERNANCE E-governance also known as electronic governance, refer: to the use of information and communication technologies [ICTS) to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and transparency of governance processes. Inthe context of agricultural systems, t-governance plays a crucial role in modernizing and enhancing various aspects of agricultural management, fom production fo marketing and beyond. Here are several ways e-governance is applied in agricultural systems: 5.1 Several ways e-governance is applied in agricultural systems 8) Information dissemination: E-governance facilitates the dissemination of crucial agricultural information to farmers, extension workers, and other stakeholders. This includes information about ‘weather forecasts, market prices, crop management practices, pest and disease control measures, and {government schemes and subsidies. By providing timely ‘and relevant information through online portals, mobile apps, SMS alerts, and other digital platforms, e- governance helps farmers make informed decisions, leading to improved productivity and income. » ° ® ‘Online services: E-govornance enables the delivery of various services online, reducing the need for physical ‘government offices and minimizing bureaucratic Farmers ean access services such as applying for. ‘obtaining agricukural inputs, accessing credit registering for training programs, and sul agricultura-related documents through web-based This enhances convenience, efficiency, and trans in service delivery. Market linkages: E-governance facilitates the creation of digital pl for agricultural marketing, connecting farmers ‘with buyers, wholesalers, retailers, and exporters. ‘marketplaces enable farmers to showease their negotiate prices, and arrange for transportation payments. Ths helps farmers access larger markets, better prices for their produce, and reduce de traditional middlemen, Decision support systems: E-governance supports the development and deploy ‘of decision support systems (DSS) for agriculture. systems utilize data analytics, remote sensing, and technologies to provide farmers with persons recommendations and insights for optimizing cf ‘management practices, water usage, soil health, resource allocation. DSS can also help policymakers. agricultural authorities in planning and simples ‘evidence-based interventions. ‘Monitoring and evaluation: E-governance facilitates real-time monitoring and valuation of agricultural programs and projects. Through digital platforms and data analytics tools, policymakers ‘and government agencies can track the progres, impact, ‘and effectiveness of various initiatives, identify bottlenecks, and make timely adjustments as needed, This enhances accountability, transparency. and the overall efficiency of agricultural governance, Capacity building and training: E-governance supports capacity building and training initiatives for farmers, extension workers, and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector. Online training modules, webinars, video tutorials, and e-learaing platforms enable individuals to acquire new knowledge fand skills related to crop cultivation, livestock ‘management, agribusiness, and sustainable farming practices. This helps improve the productivity, resilience, ‘and livelihoods of agricultural communities. In summary, e-govermance plays vital role in transforming agricultural systems by leveraging digital technologies to teahance information access, service delivery, market access, ‘decision-making, monitoring, and capacity building. By harnessing the power of ICTs, governments and stakeholders can address various challenges facing the agricultural sector and ‘promote inclusive and sustainable development. 52. EXPERT SYSTEMS Expert systems play a significant role in IT agricultural systems by providing intelligent decision support based on domain-specific knowledge and rules, Here's how Systems are utilized in agricultural contests: 5.21 Crop Management Expert systems assist farmers in making decisions {0 crop management practices such as planting, ivy fertilization, and pest control. These systems integrate data ‘aous sources suchas weather forecasts, sil conditions, growth stages, and historical records to recommend ‘actions. For example, an expert system might provide gui ‘on the timing and dosage of pesticides based on the 1, ‘op, prevailing weather conditions and pest infestation 5.22 Disease and Pest identification Expert systems help farmers identify and diagnose diseases. pests, and nutrient deficiencies. By analy 4 Precision Agriculture Expert systems support precision agriculture techniques analyzing spatial and temporal data to optimize resource use ‘maximize yield. Through integration with sensors, drones, Satelite imagery, these systems generate detailed field maps, Yield predictions, and prescription maps for variable-rate ications of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and irigation Wvater. By precisely targeting inputs based on site-specific Fonditions, expert systems enable Farmers to achieve higher siicieney, profitability, and environmental stewardship, 12.5. Livestock Management Expert systems aid in the management of livestock by ‘providing recommendations on feeding regimes, breeding Mategies, disease prevention, and health monitoring, By fanalyzing factors such as animal genetics, nutritional ‘quirements, growth rates, and environmental conditions, these systems help farmers optimize production outcomes while cnsuring animal welfare and sustainability, 52.6 Market Analysis and Decision-making Expert systems support farmers and agribusinesses in ‘making informed decisions related to market trends, price forecasting, supply chain management, and risk assessment, By svalyzing market data, trade policies, consumer preferences, and ‘slobal economic indicators, these systems offer insights into ‘market opportunities and risks, helping stakeholders devise marketing strategies and mitigate uncertainties 5.2.7 Knowledge Transfer and Extension Expert systems serve as educational tools for knowledge (ransfer and extension services in agriculture. By capturing and arly detection and containment of outbreaks, minimizing, tosses and reducing the reliance on chemical inputs, 5.23 Soll Health Management Expert systems provide recommendations for soil te futrient management, and soil conservation practices, analyzing sol samples and historical dats, these systems Personalized advice on fetiization strategies, crop rot Plans, and erosion control measures tailored tothe specie ‘nd conditions of cach farm. This helps improve soll Productivity, and sustainability while minimizing envio impacts codifying expert knowledge from agronomists rese ‘experienced farmers, these systems disseminate best pr troubleshooting tips, and innovative solutions to a audience through online platforms, mobile apps, and imerfaces. In summary, expert systems in IT agricultural leverage artificial intelligence, data analytics, and di expertise to provide intelligent decision support across aspects of crop production, livestock management, soil and market analysis. By augmenting human expertise ‘computational capabilities, these systems help farmers opti resource use, improve productivity, and enhance sustains in agriculture. 5.3 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) in IT agricultural syst are computer-based tools that provide farmers, agri experts, and policymakers with valuable information insights to make informed decisions about various aspects agricultural management. Here's how DSS are utilized agricultural contexts 5.3.1 Crop Planning and Management DSS assist farmers in planning and managing production activities more effectively. By integrating data as sol characteristics, weather forecasts, crop growth ‘and market demand, these systems help farmers make decisi regarding crop selection, planting schedules, irrigat strategies, and input usage, DSS can also optimize plant ‘densities and crop rotations to maximize yield and proital Precision Agriculture _DSS support precision agriculture techniques by analyzing jal and temporal data collected from sensors, drones, lites, and other sources, These systems generate detailed maps, yield predictions, and prescription maps for variable- tions of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and ‘optimize resource use while improving crop yields and lity. Pest and Disease Management DSS aid in the early detection and management of pests, and weeds. By analyzing data from pest traps, disease Js, satellite imagery, and field observations these systems wide alerts and recommendations for timely interventions ‘as pesticide applications, erop rotations, and biological trol measures. DSS help farmers minimize crop losses, luce chemical inputs, and adopt more sustainable pest DSS support water resource management by optimizing igaton scheduling and water usage efficiency. By integrating from soil moisture sensors, weather forecasts, crop water Fequirements, and icrigation infrastructure, these systems fecommend optimal irrigation timings, frequencies, and volumes lailored to specific crop growth stages and soil moisture levels. DSS help farmers conserve water, reduce energy costs, and. nitigate enviconmental impacts associated with irrigation, 535, Market ata tien ere AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL DATABASES: SS provide insights into market trends, price supply chain dynamics, and risk assessment to support. ‘Agricultural and biological databases play a crucial role storing, organizing, and disseminating vast amounts of data ated to crops, livestock, genetics, biodiversity, and other pects of agriculture and biology. These databases serve as ible resources for researchers, policymakers, farmers, and Sali areal charg cabs Saeeg aca icieeectn es cadena el ends ibe tho ej a pe talhacke itn ie ahagsraactoagtehe Fes spit mv uneven DSS ules tals ffored decane totais potty ad tert ran otc 5.36 Policy Planning and Fvaiation ‘These databuss str infomation tout geet sores hiatal ahs emcee: crops vesock, and other agiclaal organisms, Thy Pte aren eae fade peotie data noch as DNA sequences en0yp ad Programs. By analyzing socio-economic data, agrict notypic date, podigrecs, and ponchank scocesions, Examples Se etc ioe the GenBank for DNA segues, the Crop Genebank ‘evidence-based decision-making and resource allocation. Pksowledge Base (CGKB) for crup germplasm collections, and help governments monitor the effectiveness of agricul b> Asai! TT See vehement tach sairelties nay teers teptornmetjand 542 crop Databases ole pears wallet Sema Se Crop databases contain information om varios crop specie nding the taxonomy, morphology, srononi as Inipereetx Dag Sypet Rises (DSS) trogrpticarbution weeding istry and genetic very, rusia role in TT agrultral stem by baressing alll Examples inclade the International Maize and Wheat Sui eaten ie ain Improvement Cener CIMMYT database or maize and wheat {ctonble insights and resonmendation for opinizng SA eres the Internal Rice Informatio System (IIS), and production, resource management, pest contol, markiglll the Cibal Biodversy Information Fality (GBIF for érop Foriegn ape crs SIE EEL ea ‘make informed decisions that enhance productivity, profita p43 ,careeecss Detaneet Siaee means Livestock databases sore dita om diferent Hvestock species, teed, produtonsyems, eforance tris, elt ‘Tord, and ceding valu. Exam inde the Food and ‘Agriculture Organization (FAO) Domestic Animal Dis Information System (DAD-IS) for livestock breeds, the Ar Genome Size Database for genome size information, }47 Agricultural Statistics Databases ‘These databases compile statistical data on agricultural tion, trade, consumption, prices, land us, and other socio. nomic indicators. They provide insights into trends, pattems, dynamics of agricultural systems at lca, national, ad global es, Examples include the FAOSTAT database maintained by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), national agricultural nsus databases, and commodity-specifie databases ‘These databases catalog information on plant patho including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, asoci ‘with crop diseases. They provide data on pathogen taxor host range, symptoms, epidemiology, control measures, ‘genetic sequences. Examples include the Fungal nd Ooms Genomics Resource (FungiDB), the Inernational Society Plant Pathology (ISPP) database, and the NCBI Pathos Detection database. 5.45 Entomological Databases Entomological databases store information on insect beneficial insects, pollinators, and other arthropods relev agriculture. They include data on insect taxonomy, morphol life history, distribution, behavior, and interactions with cx Examples include the Integrated Pest Management ( databases, the National Insect Collection database, and Global Invasive Species Database. 5.4.6 Ecological Databases Ecological databases contain data on biodiver ‘ecosystem services, habitat types, climate patterns, ‘environmental factors relevant to agricultural ecosystems. support research on biodiversity conservation, ecosyst ‘management, and sustainable agriculture practices. Exar include the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBI the Long-Term Ecological Research Network (LTER), and Ecological Data Wiki ‘These are just a few examples of the lay a vital role in advancing research, education, policy -velopment, and practical applications in agriculture and logy by facilitating data sharing, analysis, and decision- 1 AcT0SS various disciplines and stakeholders. E-commerce in IT agricultural systems refers to of electronic platforms and technologies o conduct bu selling of agricultural products, inputs, and services. It significant role in modernizing agricultural markets, im clfciency, increasing market access for farmers, ander ‘transparency in transactions. Here’s how e-commerce is applied in IT agricul systems: 55.1 Online Marketplaces E-commerce platforms facilitate direct transat between farmers and buyers, such as wholesalers, ret processors, and consumers, These online marketplaces 4 digital space for listing. agricultural products, negot prices, and completing transactions. Farmers can showcase ‘produce, specify quantities, quality standards, and pricing, ‘buyers can browse listings, place orders, and arrange for or pickup. 55.2 Agri-input Sales E-commerce platforms enable farmers to. purc agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pestci ‘machinery, and equipment online. Agr-input companies suppliers offer their products through digital catalogs, {farmers to compare options, place orders, and make pa ‘conveniently, This eliminates the need for physical visit ‘agricultural supply stores and enhances access to a wider ‘of products, including niche and specialized inputs 55.3 Financial Services E-commerce platforms integrate financial services as digital payments, credit facilities, and insurance products fgricultural transactions, Farmers can make payments for purchases, receive payments for sales, and access credit or ‘insurance services online. Digital payment solutions, mobile Inking, and fimech platforms facilitate secure and efficient Jinancial transactions, reducing the reliance on cash and ‘improving financial inclusion for rural communities. 55.4 Market information Services E-commerce platforms provide farmers with acees to real time market information, including prices, demand trends, supoly chain dynamics, and market forecasts. Through online dashboards, mobile apps, and SMS alerts, farmers can stay informed about market conditions and make data-driven decisions regarding erop selection, production planning, and ‘marketing strategies. Market information services enhance ‘uansparency and efficiency in agricultural markets, empowering farmers to negotiate beter prices and optimize thei marketing forts, 555 Logistics and Transportation E-commerce platforms offer logistics and transportation services forthe delivery of agricultural products from farm 10 ‘market. Integrated logistics solutions enable farmers to strange for transportation, track shipments, and manage logistics ‘operations online. This steamlines the supply chain, reduces transportation costs, minimizes post-harvest losses, and improves market access for farmers in remote or underserved 55.6 Valueadded Services E-commerce platforms provide value-added services such 8 agronomic advice, market linkages, and extension support to farmers. Agr-tech startups and agricultural service prov leverage digital platforms to offer personal recommendations, trai resilience, and profitability in agriculture by leveraging ‘analytics, remote sensing, and other technologies. 55.7 Quality Assurance and Traceability E-commerce platforms integrate quality assurance traceability mechanisms to ensure the authenticity, safety, wceability of agricultural products. Through di certifications, labeling systems, and traceability tools, cons ‘can verify the origin, production methods, and quality st ‘of agricultural products This builds trust and confidence: ‘consumers, strengthens food safety measures, and sug sustainability initiatives in agriculture. In summary, e-commerce in IT agricultural syst ‘transforms the way agricultural products are bought, sold, marketed by leveraging digital platforms, online transact ‘and value-added services. It enhances market efficie improves market access for farmers, facilitates fina inclusion, and promotes transparency and sustainability agricultural supply chains. E-commerce is poised to play increasingly important role in shaping the future of agricul bby hamessing the power of technology to address key and opportunities in agricultural markets. 5.6 E-BUSINESS SYSTEMS & APPLICATIONS E-business systems and applications in IT agricul systems encompass a range of digital tools and platfo designed to streamline agricultural operations, enh: efficiency, and improve decision-making processes. systems leverage information technology to facilitate various aspects of agricultural management ‘marketing. Here are several e-business systems and applications ‘commonly used in IT agricultural systems from production to Fig: 42 Features of ERP 5.6.1 Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems ‘SCM systems in agriculture integrate and automate processes related to the sourcing, production, storage, and distribution of agricultural products. These systems optimize supply chain logistics, inventory management, and procurement processes, ensuring timely delivery of inputs and products while ‘minimizing costs and wastage. 5, 5.62 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems [ERP systems integrate core business functions such as finance, human resources, inventory, and operations into a single ‘unified platform, In agriculture, ERP systems help orgar manage resources more efficiently, track production ‘monitor inventory levels, and streamline administrative across various departments and locations. 5.63 Farm Management Information Systems (EMIS) MIS are software applications designed to support ‘management activities, including planning, monitoring, decision-making, These systems collect and analyze data toctop production, livestock management, weather condi soil health, and resource usage, enabling farmers to of inputs, inerease yields, and improve sustainability. 5.464 Precision Agriculture Technologies Precision agriculture technologies everage data ‘emote sensing, and geospatial tools to optimize resource and enhance decision-making at the field level. technologies include GPS-guided tractors, drones, sat imagery, soil sensors, and variable rate application (VI systems, which enable farmers to precisely manage inputs as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides based on site-s ‘conditions 5.65. Marketplaces and Trading Platforms E-marketplaces and trading platforms connect buyers sellers of agricultural products, inputs, and services ina marketplace. These platforms facilitate online transacti tenable price discovery, and provide access to a wider markets and buyers, thereby improving market efficiency ‘transparency for agricultural producers and traders. 5.5 BExtension Services, E-extension services deliver agricultural information, Araning, and advisory services to farmers and rural communities ‘hough digital channels such as websites, mobile apps, and SMS alerts, These services provide access to agronomic advice, ‘weather forecasts, market prices, pest management strategies, and best practices, empowering farmers to make informed decisions and adopt sustainable farming methods 56.7 Traceability and Certification Systems ‘Traceability and certification systems track the origin, production methods, and quality standards of agricultural products throughout the supply chain. These systems use technologies such as barcodes, RFID tags, and blockchain to provide transparency ad assurance to consumers regarding the authenticity, safety, and sustainability of agricultural products, 568 E-Learning and Training Platforms E-learning and training platforms provide educational resources and professional development opportunities for farmers, agricultural professionals, and extension workers These platforms offer online courses, webinars, tutorials, and Interactive modules covering topies such as crop management, snimal husbandry, agribusiness, and sustainable agriculture practices ‘In summary, e-business systems and applications play a vital role in IT agricultural systems by leveraging technology to optimize processes, improve productivity, enhance market access, and promote sustainability throughout the agricultural value chain. These systems enable stakeholders to harness the power of data, connectivity, and digital tools to adress key challenges and unlock opportunities in agriculture. 5.7 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING SYSTEMS AND In recent years, technology has significantly transfor agricultural systems, making them more efficent, sustai and productive. IT (Information Technology) plays a crucial in this transformation by providing learning systems solutions tailored to the agricultural sector. Here are some! technologies and solutions used in IT agricultural systems: 57.1 Data Analytics and Al Agricultural data analytics and AI technologies en farmers to make data-driven decisions for better ‘management, pest control, and resource allocation. Mac learning algorithms ean analyze large datasets from satellites, and other sources to provide insights into crop he soil conditions, and weather patterns. 5.1.2 Remote Sensing Remote sensing technologies, such as drones and satel capture high-resolution images of farmland, allowing f to monitor crop growth, detect diseases, and as ‘environmental conditions. These images can be analyzed AA algorithms to provide actionable insights in real-time. 5.7.3. Precision Farming Precision farming techniques leverage IT solutor ‘optimize the use of resources, such as water, fertilizers, pesticides. GPS-guided tractors and machinery enable planting, irigation, and harvesting, reducing waste increasing yields. 5.74 Internet of Things loT) Io devices, such as soil moisture sensors, wes stations, and crop monitoring systems, collect real-time vv the field. Tis data is transmitted to cloud-based platforms analysis allowing farmers to monitor and manage ther crops Blockchain technology can improve transparency and ceabilty in the agricultural supply chain, By recording Jansactions and data at each stage of production and }ribution, blockchain enables farmers to track the origin of products and ensure food safety and quality 17.6 Farm Management Software Farm management software platforms provide tools for Joning, scheduling, and monitoring agricultural activities. se solutions often integrate data from various sources, such weather forecasts, market prices, and crop yields, to help ‘optimize thei operations and maximize profitability. 1777 Mobile Apps Mobile applications offer farmers access to valuable mation and services on their smartphones or tablets. From, eather forecasts and market prices to ctop management tips 1 pest identification, mobile apps provide on-the-go support ‘The agricultural sector has Seen arse in agr-tech startups innovation hubs focused on developing IT solutions for rmers. These startups often collaborate with research tutions, government agencies, and industry partners to create Overall, IT solutions and learning systems revolutionizing the agricultural industry, enabling f imereae productivity, reduce cost, and minimize environ impact, As technology continues to evolve, we can expect advancements in IT agricultural systems, lea ‘sustainable and resilient food production systems. 5.8 ENHANCED LEARNING SYSTEMS INIT ‘SYSTEMS Enhanced learning systems in IT agricultural s leverage advanced technologies to improve decision- ‘optimize resource utilization, and enhance overall product in farming operations. Here are some key components ‘examples of enhanced learaing systems in IT agricult systems: Fig: 5.3 Enhanced Leaing Systems. 58.1 Machine Learning and Predictive Analytics Machine learning algorithms analyze large datasets 10 identify patterns and make predictions about erop yields, pest ‘outbreaks, and weather conditions. By continuously learning from new data, these systems can provide more accurate forceasts and recommendations to farmers 582 Decision Support Systems (DSS) Decision support systems integrate data from various sources, such as weather forecasts, sil sensors, and erop models, to assist farmers in making informed decisions. These systems often include user-friendly interfaces and visualization tools to help farmers interpret complex data and choose the best course of action, 5.83 Digital Twins Digital win technology creates vietual replicas of physical assets, such as crops, livestock, and agricultural equipment. By simulating different scenarios and interventions, farmers can test strategies and optimize their farming practices in a rsk- {ree environment before implementing them inthe real word 5.84 Smart Sensors and IoT Devices ‘Smart sensors and loT devices collect real-time data from. the field including soil moisture levels, temperature, and crop Dealt indicators. By monitoring these parameters, farmers can

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