Chapter 1 Introduction to steel structures
Civil Engineering Structures could be one of the following types:
steel structure,
reinforced concrete (RC) structure,
concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) structure, steel-RC composite
structure.
Steel structure: a structure which is made from organized combination of structural
STEEL members designed to carry loads and provide adequate rigidity. Steel
structures involve sub-structure or members in a building made from structural steel.
Structural member is physically distinguishable part of structure with independent
structural function, e.g. member, element, cable and their combination.
Advantages of Steel Structures
1- High strength
The high ratio of strength to weight (the strength per unit
weight)
2- Excellent ductility and seismic resistance
It withstands extensive deformation without failure even under
high tensile stress.
3- Elasticity, uniformity of material
Predictability of properties, close to design assumption
Ease of fabrication and speed of erection
4- Technology
Accurate and automatic fabrication
5- Economy
Less construction time and less structural weight.
6- Environment
Less wet work, Reuse, Reduce & Recycle / removable
Disadvantages
1- Susceptibility to corrosion
Maintenance costs / thin-walled structure.
2- Loss of strength at elevated temperature
Fireproofing costs.
3- Susceptibility to buckling
Slender member in compression.
4- Fatigue and brittle fracture
Applications of steel structures
Long-span structures
Multi-storey & high-rise buildings
Buildings of heavy duty plants
Tower & mast structures
Portal frames
Bridges
Infrastructures
Long-span structures
Airport
Train
Theatre
Stadium
Exhibition
Buildings of heavy duty plant
Tower & Mast structures
TV Eiffel TV
Portal Frames
Bridges
Infrastructures
Agricultural buildings
Main structural types
Buildings Bridges
Truss structures
Bar or truss members beam bridge
Frame structures truss bridge
Beams and columns truss members
Grids structures arch bridge
latticed structure or dome cable-stayed bridge
Arch structures suspension bridge
Truss Structures
Frames Structures
Grids/domes Structures
Truss bridges
Arch bridges
Cable-stayed bridges
1- Suspension structures
Design concept & rationale
Possible failure modes
brittle / ductile fracture of steel members or connections.
global buckling of structures/members.
local buckling.
excessive development of plastic deformation.
loss of geometry stability.
fatigue failure.
Global buckling of structures/members
your task: Prevent all these failure modes
