SHORING
Shoring
✓ Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support temporarily an
unsafe structure. These support walls laterally.
✓ They can be used under the following circumstances:
1. When walls bulge out
2. When walls crack due to unequal settlement of foundation and repairs are to
be carried out to the cracked wall.
3. When an adjacent structure needs pulling down.
4. When openings are to be newly made or enlarged in a wall.
✓ In multistory work, The shoring which supports freshly placed concrete is
necessarily supported by lower floors which may not yet have attained their full
strength, and which may not have been designed to carry loads as great as those
imposed during construction,
✓ Therefore shoring must be provided for enough floors to develop the needed
capacity to support the imposed loads without excessive stress or deflection.
✓ Whether permanent shores or reshores are used at the several required lower
floor levels depends on job plans for reused of materials as well as the rate of
strength gain in the structure.
✓ There are several types of adjustable individual shores. The simplest of these, is
based on clamping device which permits the overlapping of two 2x4 members.
✓ A portable jacking tool is used to make vertical adjustments. Metal shore jack
fittings are available to fit over the end of 4x4 or 6x6 wood shore, thus
transforming the piece of lumber into an adjustable shore. These devices are
capable of varying the shore height as much as 12 in.
SHORING
A number of patented shoring systems have been developed with adjustable legs
which eliminate cutting, close fitting, and wedging.
Scaffold-Type Shoring
✓ When tubular steel frame scaffolding was first introduced, it was designed to
support the relatively light loads involved in getting workers to the work area.
✓ Later contractors began to try out the scaffolding as a support for formwork
because of the apparent advantages of its modular assembly and system of jacks
for leveling and adjusting elevations.
✓ End frames assembled with diagonal braces to form typical shoring “tower”.
SHORING
Types of shoring
1. Raking shores (figure 1 to 3)
2. Flying shores (figure 4 and 5)
3. Dead shores (figure 6 and 7)
RAKING SHORES
✓ In this method, inclined members known as Rakers are used to give lateral
supports to walls.
✓ A raking shore consists of the following components:
• Rakers or inclined member
• Wall plate
• Needles
• Cleats
• Bracing
• Sole plate
SHORING
The following points are to be kept in view for the use of the raking shores:
✓ Rakers are to be inclined between and to the ground. For tall
buildings, the length of the raker can be reduced by introducing rider raker.
✓ Rakers should be properly braced at intervals.
✓ The size of the rakers is to be decided on the basis of anticipated thrust
from the wall.
✓ The centre line of a raker and the wall should meet at floor level.
SHORING
✓ Shoring may be spaced at 3 to 4.5m spacing to cover longer length of the bar.
✓ The sole plate should be properly embedded into the ground on an inclination
and should be of proper section and size.
✓ Wedges should not be used on sole plates since they are likely to give way
under vibrations that are likely to occur.
SHORING
FLYING SHORES
✓ It is a system of providing temporary supports to the party walls of the two
buildings where the intermediate building is to be pulled down and rebuilt.
✓ All types of arrangements of supporting the unsafe structure in which the shores
do not reach the ground come under this category.
✓ They flying shore consists of wall plates, needles, cleats, horizontal struts
(commonly known as horizontal shores) and inclined struts arranged in different
forms which varies with the situation. In this system also the wall plates are
placed against the wall and secured to it.
✓ A horizontal strut is placed between the wall plates and is supported by a system
of needle and cleats.
✓ The inclined struts are supported by the needle at their top and by straining
pieces at their feet.
✓ The straining piece is also known as straining sill and is spiked to the horizontal
shore. The width of straining piece is the same as that of the strut.
SHORING
✓ When the distance between the walls (to be strutted apart) is considerable, a
horizontal shore can not be safe and a trussed framework of members is
necessary to perform the function of flying shore.
Figures – 4: Flying Shore
Figure – 5: Flying shore when the distance between two walls is considerable
SHORING
DEAD SHORES
✓ This is the system of shoring which is used to render vertical support to walls
and roofs, floors, etc when the lower part of a wall has been removed for the
purpose of providing an opening in the wall or to rebuild a defective load bearing
wall in a structure.
✓ The dead shore consists of an arrangement of beams and posts which are
required to support the weight of the structure above and transfer same to the
ground on firm foundation below.
Figure – 6: Dead Shore
SHORING
✓ When opening in the wall are to be made, holes are cut in the wall at such a height
as to allow sufficient space for insertion of the beam or girder that will be
provided permanently to carry the weight of the structure above.
✓ Distance at which the holes are cut depends upon the type of masonry and it
varies from 1.2m to 1.8m centre.
✓ Beams called needles are placed in the holes and are supported by vertical props
called dead shores at their ends on either side of the wall.
✓ The needles may be of timber or steel and are of sufficient section to carry the
load above.
Figure – 7: Section of the elevation showing arrangement of dead shores for making
an opening in an existing wall
SHORING
✓ The dead shores stand away from wall on either side so as to allow for working
space when the needle and the props are in position.
✓ The props are tightened up by folding wedges provided at their bases while the
junction between the prop and the needle is secured with the help of dogs.
✓ Before the dismantling work is started, all the doors, windows or other openings
are well strutted.
✓ In order to relieve the wall of load of floors and roof above, they are
independently supported.
✓ Vibrations and shocks are bound to occur when wall cutting is done as such a
measure of safety raking shores are sometimes erected before commencement
of wall cutting operation.
