University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Internship - High Level Design
On
Sentiment Analysis for Social Media Posts
Team members:
Name Roll No
Guided by:
Mr. Sumit Shukla
Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Scope of the document...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Intended Audience............................................................................................................................ 6
1.3. System overview............................................................................................................................... 6
2. System Design............................................................................................................................ 6
2.1. Application Design........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. Process Flow...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3. Information Flow............................................................................................................................... 7
2.4. Components Design........................................................................................................................... 8
2.5. Key Design Considerations…............................................................................................................ 8
2.6. API Catalogue.................................................................................................................................... 8
3. Data Design............................................................................................................................... 8
3.1. Data Model......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2. Data Access Mechanism.................................................................................................................... 9
3.3. Data Retention Policies...................................................................................................................... 9
3.4. Data Migration................................................................................................................................... 9
4. Interfaces………………………………….……………………………………………………9
5. State and Session Management.................................................................................................10
6. Caching……………………………………………………………………………………….10
7. Non-Functional Requirements…….........................................................................................10
7.1. Security Aspects...........................................................................................................................10
7.2. Performance Aspects....................................................................................................................10
8. References.............................................................................................................................11
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope of the Document
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the Sentiment Analysis for Social
Media Posts project. It covers the system's design, architecture, data handling processes,
interfaces, state management, and non-functional requirements. The purpose of this
document is to serve as a reference for understanding the system's technical and
functional aspects.
1.2 Intended Audience
The intended audience for this document includes:
● Project Managers: To oversee the project's progress and ensure it meets business
requirements.
● Developers: To understand the system architecture and implement necessary
features.
● Data Scientists: To grasp the data flow and analytical components.
● Quality Assurance Teams: To design and execute test cases for system
validation.
● End Users: To gain insights into the system's capabilities and use cases.
1.3 System Overview
The Sentiment Analysis for Social Media Posts system aims to collect, process, and
analyze data from various social media platforms. The system categorizes posts into
positive, negative, or neutral sentiments, providing insights through a web-based
dashboard. The system comprises the following key components:
● Data Ingestion Service: Gathers data from social media platforms.
● Pre-Processing Module: Cleans and structures the raw data.
● Sentiment Analysis Engine: Applies machine learning algorithms to determine
sentiment.
● Visualization Layer: Displays analyzed data in a user-friendly format.
The system is designed to be scalable and can handle a high volume of data. It also
supports real-time processing, allowing for timely insights into public sentiment trends.
2. System Design
2.1 Application Design
The system follows a microservices architecture, where each component is an
independent service that communicates with others through APIs. This design allows for
modularity, scalability, and ease of maintenance. The main services include:
● Data Ingestion Service: A microservice responsible for collecting data from
social media APIs like Twitter.
● Pre-Processing Service: Cleans and normalizes the data, handling tasks such as
tokenization, stopword removal, and lemmatization.
● Sentiment Analysis Service: Implements machine learning models to classify
posts into different sentiment categories.
● Visualization Service: Provides a web-based dashboard for users to explore the
sentiment data.
2.2 Process Flow
The process flow of the system is as follows:
1. Data Ingestion: The Data Ingestion Service fetches posts from social media
platforms using their respective APIs. This service handles rate limiting, retries,
and error logging.
2. Pre-Processing: The collected data is sent to the Pre-Processing Service, which
performs data cleaning operations such as removing duplicates, handling missing
values, and text normalization.
3. Sentiment Analysis: The pre-processed data is passed to the Sentiment Analysis
Service, where machine learning models (e.g., BERT, SVM, Naive Bayes) analyze
the text to determine sentiment.
4. Data Storage: The analysis results are stored in a database, indexed by various
factors like date, sentiment, and source.
5. Visualization: The Visualization Service fetches data from the database and
presents it in the dashboard, providing features like sentiment trend graphs, word
clouds, and detailed analysis of specific posts.
2.3 Information Flow
The information flow between components is managed through RESTful APIs. The
system ensures secure and efficient data transfer using HTTPS and token-based
authentication. The flow is as follows:
● Data Collection to Pre-Processing: Raw data is passed from the Data Ingestion
Service to the Pre-Processing Service for cleaning and structuring.
● Pre-Processing to Sentiment Analysis: Cleaned data is forwarded to the
Sentiment Analysis Service for classification.
● Sentiment Analysis to Database: The results are stored in a database, with
metadata for efficient querying.
● Database to Visualization: The Visualization Service retrieves data from the
database and renders it on the dashboard.
2.4 Components Design
● Data Ingestion Service: Uses the Twitter API to fetch real-time data. It handles
authentication, error handling, and data parsing.
● Pre-Processing Module: Implements text processing techniques like
tokenization, stopword removal, and lemmatization. It uses libraries like NLTK
and SpaCy.
● Sentiment Analysis Engine: Utilizes pre-trained models and fine-tuned
classifiers. The engine is designed to be extendable, allowing for the integration of
new models.
● Visualization Layer: Built with React.js for the frontend and Flask for the
backend. It offers interactive elements like charts, filters, and search
functionalities.
2.5 Key Design Considerations
● Scalability: The system is designed to handle a large volume of data, with each
component being horizontally scalable.
● Modularity: The microservices architecture allows for easy maintenance and the
addition of new features.
● Real-Time Processing: Ensures that sentiment analysis results are up-to-date,
enabling timely decision-making.
2.6 API Catalogue
● Twitter API: Used for fetching tweets. It provides endpoints for searching tweets,
retrieving user timelines, and streaming real-time data.
● Sentiment Analysis API: A custom API that accepts text inputs and returns
sentiment scores. It supports batch processing for efficiency.
3. Data Design
3.1 Data Model
The data model includes the following entities:
● Post: Represents a social media post, with attributes like post_id, user_id,
content, timestamp, and platform.
● User: Contains information about the user who made the post, including
user_id, username, and location.
● SentimentAnalysisResult: Stores the results of the sentiment analysis, with fields
such as post_id, sentiment_score, and sentiment_label.
The data model also includes relationships like User-Post and
Post-SentimentAnalysisResult, allowing for efficient querying and data
retrieval.
3.2 Data Access Mechanism
The system uses an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) layer to interact with the
database, simplifying data access and manipulation. The ORM handles SQL query
generation, transaction management, and data validation.
3.3 Data Retention Policies
The system follows strict data retention policies to comply with privacy regulations. Raw
data is retained for a specified period (e.g., 30 days) before being anonymized or deleted.
Processed data, such as sentiment analysis results, is retained for longer periods to
support trend analysis and historical research.
3.4 Data Migration
Data migration processes are implemented to handle schema changes, system upgrades,
or scaling. The migration strategy includes:
● Versioning: Each schema version is documented, and changes are tracked.
● Backups: Regular backups are taken to ensure data safety.
● Validation: Data integrity checks are performed post-migration to ensure no data
loss or corruption.
●
4. Interfaces
The system includes multiple interfaces for interaction:
● User Interface (UI): A web-based dashboard that displays sentiment analysis
results. It includes features like real-time data updates, customizable charts, and
filters for exploring data by time range, sentiment, and platform.
● API Interface: Exposes RESTful endpoints for external systems to interact with
the sentiment analysis service. This interface allows other applications to submit
text for analysis and retrieve sentiment scores.
5. State and Session Management
The system manages user sessions and application state using secure methods. For the
web application, sessions are managed using JWT (JSON Web Tokens), ensuring secure
and stateless authentication. The state is maintained using client-side storage (e.g.,
localStorage) and server-side caching for scalability.
6. Caching
Caching is implemented at various levels to improve system performance:
● Database Caching: Frequently accessed data and results are cached to reduce
database load and improve response times.
● API Caching: API responses are cached to prevent redundant processing and
reduce latency.
● Frontend Caching: Client-side caching is used for static assets and previously
fetched data, enhancing the user experience by reducing load times.
7. Non-Functional Requirements
7.1 Security Aspects
● Data Encryption: All sensitive data, including user information and API keys, is
encrypted both in transit and at rest. HTTPS is enforced for all data transfers.
● Access Control: Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is implemented to restrict
access to sensitive data and functionalities based on user roles.
● Audit Logging: Security events, such as login attempts and data access, are
logged for auditing and monitoring purposes.
7.2 Performance Aspects
● Latency: The system aims to provide sub-second response times for most
operations, including data retrieval and sentiment analysis.
● Throughput: The system is designed to handle a large number of concurrent
requests, ensuring consistent performance during peak usage periods.
8. References
● Neri, F., Aliprandi, C., & Cuadros, M. (2012). Sentiment analysis on social
media. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230758119_Sentiment_Analysis_on_So
cial_Media
● Zulfadzli, & Khalid, H. (2019). Sentiment analysis in social media. Procedia
Computer Science, 161, 707-714. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091931885X
● Rupavate, S. M., Bhagat, S. B., Dhameliya, P. J., Darji, H. K., & Chhaya, V. M.
(2021). Sentiment analysis of social media data for emotion detection. Journal of
Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(47A), 220-228. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603338/#:~:text=The%20classif
ication%20of%20the%20block,in%20the%20market%20or%20not.
● Brand24. (2021). Social media sentiment analysis: Definition, tools, and
examples. Retrieved from
https://brand24.com/blog/social-media-sentiment-analysis/#:~:text=Social%20me
dia%20sentiment%20analysis%20is%20a%20process%20of%20using%20natura
l,positive%2C%20neutral%2C%20or%20negative.
● Comparative study of Sentiment Analysis on trending issues on Social Media (feb
2018)
byhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/324602957_Comparative_study_of_S
entiment_Analysis_on_trending_issues_on_Social_Media
● Sentiment Analysis for Social Media (November 2013) by R. A. S. C. Jayasanka,
M. D. T. Madushani, E. R. Marcus, I. A. A. U.
Abeyratnhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/268817500_Sentiment_Analysi
s_for_Social_Media
