20/09/2022
UNIT 3:
GEOGRAPHY
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20/09/2022
GROUP DISCUSSION (5 minutes)
1. Why do British people prefer talking about the weather? (Group 1)
2. What kinds of pollution do British people face with? (Group 2)
3. Why is London an alpha ++ city? (Group 3)
4. Why does Southern England have the reputation of being ‘commuter land’?
(Group 4)
5. Who were ‘the Lake Poets’? Why did they have these names? (Group 5)
6. What are two major cities of Scotland well-known for? (Group 6)
CONTENTS
01 02 03 04
Climate Land and The environment London
Settlement and pollution
05 06 07 08 09
Southern Midlands of Northern Scotland Wales and
England England England Northern Ireland
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01 CLIMATE
01 The UK is warmed by the North Atlantic Drift.
C The climate in general: temperate mild and wet.
L Britain: unpredictable and changeable weather.
The further west, the more rain
I
M Drought: a serious threat to British rivers and reservoirs.
Fog: not a common occurrence.
A
The temperature rarely reaches extremes of heat or cold.
T Average temperate: 60°F (15°C) 40°F (5°C)
E
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02 LAND &
SETTLEMENT
02 Land & Settlement
Does not have towering mountain ranges,
large rivers or forests.
Has a greater proportion of grassland than
any other country in Europe except Ireland.
The SOUTH AND EAST of the country are
comparatively low-lying, consisting of either
flat plains or gently rolling hills.
Mountainous areas are found only in the
NORTH AND WEST.
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THE
03 ENVIRONMENT
& POLLUTION
03 The Environment & Pollution
: The Great Smog of London in
1952 caused 4,000 - 8,000 deaths
: 1960s, people who fell into
the Thames were rushed to hospital to have
their stomachs pumped
Global warming → rising sea levels
→ low-lying coastal areas are threatened
Flooding through tidal surges along the
Thames → London is in special danger
In 1953, a tidal surge killed 300 people
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04 LONDON
01 OVERVIEW
The capital of the UK - on the Thames river - the largest
city/ EU - an Alpha ++ city
Home to: The headquarters of all government departments
The country’s parliament (now)
Its major legal institutions
The monarch
7x Larger than any other city in the country
1/5 Total population of UK lives in the wider London area
Famous places: Buckingham Palace, the London Eye,
LONDON
Piccadilly Circus, Big Ben, Tower Bridge and Trafalgar Square
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02 HISTORY
In Roman times, named Londinium, a trade center
Today, London covers a vast area, with millions of inhabitants
London began on two small patches of dry land in the middle of a march
on the north bank of the Thames.
The original walled city of London was quite small. It did not contain
Parliament or the royal court.
It was in Westminster that these national institutions met.
03 CLIMATE
Has a temperate oceanic climate, like much of the British Isles, with warm
summers and cool winters.
The city seldom sees extremely
high or low temperature
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04 AREAS OF LONDON
Well-known areas of London:
- the West End: many theatres, cinemas and expensive shops
- the East End: poorer, residential area
05 POPULATION
The majority of ‘Londoners’ live in its suburbs, millions of them travelling
into the centre each day to work.
More than 300 languages are spoken there in London
Its restaurants offer cuisine from more than 70 different countries
Nearly a third of the people in London were born outside Britain
London has the greatest cultural and racial variety in all of Britain’s cities
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The Population of London from 1950-2022
05 SOUTHERN
ENGLAND
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Southern England - The most densely populated area in the UK,
millions of its inhabitants travel into London to
The commuter land work every day.
East Anglia,
The county of The Downs, a The West where its flatness
Kent is known as series of hills in country has an and dry climate,
‘the garden of a horseshoe attractive image has made it the
England’ because shape to the of rural beauty main area in the
of the many kind south of London, in British country for the
of fruit and are used for people's minds. growing of wheat
vegetables grown sheep farming.
and other arable
there.
crops.
06 MIDLANDS OF
ENGLAND
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06 Midlands of England
Birmingham - Britain’s 2nd largest city.
Birmingham & the area to its north and west developed into the country’s
major engineering centre
Other industrial areas in Midlands:
notably the Potteries and several
towns further east such as Derby,
Leicester, and Nottingham.
06 Midlands of England
The Grimsby - once one of the world's greatest
fishing ports, has become the country's major
fish processing centre
Midlands is famous for:
Stratford-upon-Avon Shakespeare’s birthplace The legend of Robin Hood
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07 NORTHERN
ENGLAND
07 Northern England
Pennine Hills
On either side, the large deposits of coal
and iron ore enabled these areas to lead
the Industrial Revolution
Western side – the Manchester area was the
world’s leading producer of cotton goods.
Eastern side – towns such as Bradford and
Leeds became the world’s leading producer
of woolen goods.
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07 Northern England
Further south, Sheffield became a centre for the production of steel goods.
Further north around Newcastle, shipbuilding was the major industry.
Further away from the main industrial areas, the north of England is
sparsely populated.
In the north-western corner of the country is the Lake District. The
Romantic poets Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey (the ‘Lake
Poets’) lived here and wrote about its beauty.
The Lake Poets
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08 SCOTLAND
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08 Scotland
Scotland has three fairly clearly marked regions.
Just north of the border with England are
the southern uplands small towns, quite
far apart from each other.
Further north, there is the central plain.
Finally, there are highlands consisting of
mountains and deep valleys including
numerous small island off the west coast.
08 Scotland
Is associated with heavy industry and some of the worst housing conditions
in Britain.
Has a strong artistic heritage
GLASGOW
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08 Scotland
Is associated with scholarship, the
law, and administration.
Is the capital of Scotland and the
seat of its parliament
EDINBURGH
Balmoral Castle -
Scottish residence
of the Royal Family
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WALES &
09 NORTHERN
IRELAND
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09 Wales & Northern Ireland
Cromlech Stone of Destiny
symbol of sovereignty on the Hill of Tara,
the first Welsh stone
Northern Ireland
09 Wales
Most people in Wales live in a small part of it.
In the Welsh case, it is the south-east of the country that is most heavily
populated.
Most of the rest of Wales is mountainous.
Each parts of Wales has closer contact
with its neighboring part of England than
it does with other parts of Wales
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09 Northern Ireland
The Northern Ireland is largely agricultural.
It has several areas of spectacular natural beauty, such as the Giant’s Causeway
on its north coast.
THANK YOU
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