Directing and 5) Controlling. G Planning} Planning is a very important function of management, ft is the most basic or primary function. It is a mental process requiring the use of intellectual faculties, foresight. imagination and sound judgment. Three important aspects of planning are forecasting, decision making and problem solving. It decides in advance what to do, how, to do, when to to and who is to do {it} Planning involves systematic thinking about the manner in which specified objectives are to be achieved in future. The planning process involves the following steps: a. Determination of the goal or mission of the organisation, ) ) b. Forecasting the future based on Past and present activitie:¢& Selection of best course of action from different alternatives and formulation of plans 4. Formulation of policies, procedures, budgets ete., to achieve the objectives, Determining the actual performance. (C2 Organi “Organising establishes harmonious relationships among the members of an organisation by once plans have been established, the neghstage is that of organising. providing them with adequate authority and responsibility. It clearly specifies the task of cach individual and the extent to which he ean camry it out. According to Louis A. Allen, “cst les enieon nd gwpng ie acts wo poms dividing thet among the individuals and creating authority and responsibility relationships tone don ete canine fitter i elon wa at ning denis eas he ernest he ns tamer teachin aos hein be rm in a thy ea evo aor nd exons among ten se runs be ‘A good organisation helps avoid ovetaping and dpition of woke process involves the following steps: I {identification apd analysis of activities required for the achievement of objectives ‘(Grouping of activites according tothe requiremen) ofthe organisations ce, (assignment of dutids to the individuals concerned) aC Detepingaaboiy tothe subedints and hereby Hing responsi or performance; and ) «-(Enabishing prope aor elsonhptowghot he organ’)©. \ Establishing proper authority relationship throughout the organisation )> 3. ewe is another important function of Management. The best form of planning and organizing will yield no result without manpower. The function of staffing fills this gap\"Nhelps in trying to put the right man in the right job. The staffing function involves recruitment, selection, training, development and appraisal of personnel) The staffing function has gained importance, with the growing size of an organisation, improvement in technology and recognition of the human factor in industry (4 Directing: Directing may be defined as a function of management with is related with instructing, guiding and inspiring the human factor in an organisation to achieve its objectiv ves Not only orders and instructions with those activities which deal with guiding, Supervising, influencing and motivating the subordinates in theit jobs. Thro management initiates action. It is a function that is direction, vied out throughout the 9organisation. ( Direction consists of three important sub-funetions or elements, namely motivation, leadership and a) Through motivation subordinates are stimulated to work effectively, through leadéfship they are influenced and guided and ‘through communication they are provided with proper information to vary out their activities to accomplish the results. (Note:- These three elements of Direction are discussed in detail in units 5 and 6). Controlling: Controlling as a function of management deals with checking and Verifying the activities that have been performed against the pre-determined standards. Controlling helps to take corrective action if the results do not conform to plans already established, According to Henri Fayol, control consists in verifying whether everything occurs in conformity with the plans adopted instructions issued and principles established. (he following are the steps involved in the controlling process: a. Establishment of standards b, Measurement of actual performance . Comparison of actual performance against the standards established 4. Determining the reasons for deviation €. Taking corrective action £. Feedback in order to determine actual performance | Another important function of management is coordination. In ensures unity of action. Though some management experts consi tion of ler coordination as a separate f ‘anagement, its more appropriate to say that coordination is the essence of management