SEMESTER – I (Curtailed Syllabus)

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
PHY501
Unit I Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations,
Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s Integral formula, Laurent series, Poles,
Residue theorem, Evaluation of integrals.
Unit II Linear Differential Equations: Second order linear differential equations;
Regular, regular singular and singular points; series expansion method.
Unit III Special Functions: Bessel and Laguerre differential equations with
properties of their solutions.
Unit IV Integral transforms: Fourier theorem, Fourier transforms.
Unit V Dirac delta function and Green’s function: Green’s function for Laplace
operator, Solution of Poisson’s equation.

CLASSICAL MECHANICS
PHY502
Unit I Variational Principles and Langrange’s Equations: Hamilton’s principle,
Calculus of variations, Langrange’s equations.
Unit II Hamiltonian formalism: Legendre transformations and the Hamiltonian
Equations of Motion, Cyclic coordinates.
Unit III Canonical Transformations: Canonical transformations, Poisson Bracket
Unit IV Hamilton – Jacoby Theory: Hamiltonian Jacoby equations; Hamiltonian
Jacoby theory
Unit V Small oscillations and normal modes: Normal modes and their frequencies,
Langrangian and Hamiltonian formalism of Classical Fields.

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
PHY503
Unit I Guided electromagnetic waves: Transmission Lines and Wave Guides,
Modes in a rectangular wave guide, Cavity resonators.
Unit II Tensor analysis: General coordinate transformation; contravariant,
covariant and mixed tensors; metric tensor; raising and lowering of indices;
contraction of indices.
Unit III Minkowsky space and Lorentz transformations: Geometry of space-time
in Special Relativity; Minkowsky metric; Light cone and principle of
causality; Invariance of Minkowsky metric under Lorentz

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 transformations;Lorentz group; Proper, improper and orthochronous
transformations; Pseudo-tensors.
Unit IV Covariant formulation of electromagnetism: Charge-current density four-
vector; Scalar and Vector potentials; Gauge invariance; Electromagnetic
potential four-vector; Electromagnetic field tensor.

QUANTUM MECHANICS –I
PHY504
Unit I Dirac’s Bra & Ket Notations, Hilbert Space, Vector Representations of
States, Projection Operators, Observables as Operators, Orthonomality and
Completeness of States, Relation between Ket and Wave-functions, Wave-
functions in Coordinate and Momentum Representations
Unit II Matrix Theory of Harmonic Oscillator, Uncertainty Relations,
Schrödinger, Heisenberg and Dirac Representations.
Unit III Orbital Angular Momentum, Angular Momentum Algebra, Spin, Addition
of Angular Momenta
Unit IV Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients, Explicit Addition of Angular Momentum
1/2 with Angular Momenta 1/2 and 1, Spherical Harmonics in Central
Field Problems, Spin-Orbit Coupling, Fine-Structure.

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 SEMESTER – II (Curtailed Syllabus)

QUANTUM MECHANICS –II

PHY505
Unit I Time-Independent Perturbation Theory and Applications, Variational
Method, WKB Method,
Unit II Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory, Constant and Harmonic
Perturbation, Transition probabilities, Fermi’s Golden Rule, Semi-
Classical Theory of Radiation, Einstein A and B Coefficients, Selection
Rules, Scattering,
Unit III Method of Partial Waves, Phase-Shifts, Born Approximation, Simple
Applications.
Unit IV Klein Gordon Equation and Free Particle, Solution, Dirac Equation, Dirac
Matrices, Covariance of Dirac Equation & Bilinear Covariants,

STATISTICAL MECHANICS
PHY506
Unit I A review of Gibbs ensembles, Partition function for Perfect Gas and
ensemble of Harmonic Oscillators, Partition Function for Gases containing
Monoatomic, Diatomic Molecules. Grand partition function,
Unit II Grand potential, FD and BE distribution in Grand Canonical ensemble
Degenerate Bose Gas, Momentum Condensation, Liquid He II, Two fluid
theory, Superfluidity.
Unit III Degenerate FD Gas, Conduction Electrons in a Metal, Fluctuations, One
dimensional Random walk, Gaussian Distribution, Fluctuation in energy
in canonical ensemble and concentration in Grand Canonical ensemble.
Unit IV Random processes, Markoff process, Langevin Equation, Correlation
functions, Fluctuations Dissipation Theorem, Weiner-Khintchine theorem.
Unit V Conditional probability, Fokker Plank Equation.

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SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS
PHY507
Unit I P-N Junction Diode: Rectifier with LC Filter, Electronic regulator. Bipolar
Junction Transistors: h-parameters, inter conversion in different
configurations, low frequency transistor amplifier, thermal stability and
bias stabilization.
Unit II Field Effect Transistors: Small signal model and dynamic parameters, CS
and CD amplifiers. Multistage Amplifiers: BJT at high frequencies,
frequency response of gain and phase shift, frequency response of RC
coupled amplifier.
Unit III Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators: Different negative feedback
amplifiers, stability and Nychist criteria.
Unit IV Power and Radio Frequency Amplifier: Large signal amplifier and
distortions, push-pull amplifier, single tuned amplifiers.
Unit V Modulation: Frequency and phase modulation.

ATOMIC & MOLECULAR PHYSICS

PHY508
Unit I Quantum states of an electron in an atom, Spectrum of Hydrogen and
Helium atom, fine structure Spectra of Alkali atoms; energy level
diagrams, Sharp, Principal, Diffuse and fundamental series.
Unit II Width of spectral lines, X-ray spectroscopy, Spectroscopic terms; LS & JJ
couplings, Hyperfine structure
Unit III Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect, Electron spin resonance, Nuclear
magnetic resonance, chemical shift
Unit IV Spectra of Diatomic Molecules Rotational Spectra (rigid rotator and non
rigid rotator model) Vibrational Spectra (harmonic and enharmonic model)
Unit V Raman Spectra (Quantum mechanical and classical approach) Electronic
Spectra-vibrational structure of band system

Semester I and II laboratory course code

General Lab PHY531
Electronics Lab PHY532

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 SEMESTER – III (Curtailed Syllabus)

Paper - I CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

PHY601
Unit I Electron band theory: one electron band theories. Plane wave like and
localized wave functions. Nearly free electron approximation. Elementary
discussion of orthogonalized Plane Wave (OPW) and Pseudo potential
methods, Variation of Fermi energy in extrinsic semiconductors, de-Hass-
van Alphen effect experiment to investigate Fermi surface.
Unit II Superconductivity: Meissner effect, isotope effect, type I and II
superconductors. Cooper pairs. Elementary ideas of BCS theory,
Approximate estimate of transition temperature, superconducting energy
gap , Measurement of energy gap by infrared absorption and electron
tunneling methods, Elementary ideas about Josephoson effect and high Tc
superconductors.
Unit III Ionic lattice in presence of infrared field, dielectric constant, L.S.T.
relation, LO and TO modes.
Unit IV Diamagnetism, Langevin diamagnetic equation, Quantum theory of
paramagnetism rare earth ions and iron group ions. Ferromagnetism, Curie
temperature, Heisenberg model, Temperature dependence of saturated
magnetization.

Paper - II NUCLEAR PHYSICS

PHY602
Unit I Deuteron, n-p scattering, charge symmetry of nuclear forces.
Unit II Shell Model, Extreme Single particle picture and angular momentum,
magnetic moment, quadrupole moment of nuclei, Collective model
(qualitative discussion)
Unit III Compound Nucleus, Breit Wigner Formula.
Unit IV Fundamental types of Interactions, General Classifications of Elementary
Particles, Isospin, Strangeness ,Conservation Laws , Symmetries (C, CP,
CPT),
Unit V Alpha and beta decay.

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 Special Papers
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Paper – III CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
PHY651
Unit I Ewald’s method, Lorentz field
Unit II Phonons in perfect-crystals: General theory of lattice dynamics of non-
primitive lattice, normal coordinate description
Unit III Phonon concept, Ionic crystals
Unit IV Quantization of lattice vibrations.
Unit V Inelastic scattering of slow neutrons by crystals for study of phonons.

Paper – IV CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

PHY652
Unit I Dielectric constant of ionic crystals. first order Raman scattering, second-
order Raman scattering,
Unit II Elementary ideas of the study of phonons by Raman scattering.
Unit III Excitation in imperfect crystals: Definition of classical Green functions,
application to one dimentional harmonic oscillator, principle of causality.
Double-time quantum Green functions, correlation functions, spectral
density.
Unit IV Static Green function (Fourier transform), application to lattice vibrations
and electron energy states.
Unit V Point defect in one-dimensional lattice, localized, gap and resonance
modes. Elementary ideas of extension to impurity electron energy states,
gap states.

ELECTRONICS
PAPER – III: ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
PHY653
Unit I Wide band amplifier: Review of BJT at high frequencies. Hybrid pi-
equivalent model, Junction capacitance, Base spreading resistance,
Laplace Transform. RC Amplifier (CE BJT case only), transient response
using Laplace Transforms. Effect of an emitter bypass capacitor on low
frequency response. High and low frequency compensations.

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Unit II Operational Amplifier: Ideal op-amp. Emitter coupled differential
amplifier. CMRR, Effect of constant current source IC op-amp (emitter
follower, level translation and out put device). Off – set error voltage and
current and there balancing circuits. Temperature drifts, measurement of
op-amp parameters.
Unit III Linear Analog System: Basic op-amp Applications: Inverter, Scale
changer, phase shifter, adder, voltage to current converter, current to
voltage converter, d.c. voltage follower, differential dc and bridge
amplifier, a.c voltage follower, analog integration and differentiation,
analog compensation, solution of simultaneous and differential equations
upto second order, amplitude and time scaling. Active filter, Butterworth
filter, active resonant band pass filter.
Unit IV Digital Electronics (TTL Based): Review upto combination logic, Flip
Flop: DSR, JK, Master slave, Registers and counters: Shift Register, ripple
counter, up down ashynchronous and synchronous counters, ring counter
and sequence generators.

PAPER – IV: MICROWAVES

PHY654
Unit I Cylindrical W/G, two conductor system and TEM mode, discontinuity
reflection coefficient and SWR, Scattering coefficients of multiple
junction, directional coupler, hybrid T, cylindrical cavity resonator ; S.O.
of a cavity resonator, wave meter, attenuator, slotted line, magnetic
properties of Ferrites, Faraday rotation, Gyrator and Isolator, Microwave
Integrated circuits.
Unit II Vacuum Tube Microwave Generators: Velocity modulation and density
modulation, small signal theory of bunching, two cavity klystron amplifier
and multiplier, two cavity klystron Oscillator, Reflex klystron: Theory of
bunching, optimum power, effect of repeller voltage, electronic
admittance, efficiency, electronic tuning.
Unit III Magnetron: Travelling wave magnetron, modes of oscillations, output
power.
Unit IV Travelling wave tube: Description, dynamic of electron beam, coupling of
beam and slow wave structure, waves in periodic structure, TWT amplifier
and BWO.

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 LASER AND SPECTROSCOPY
Paper – III: LASER SPECTROSCOPY
PHY655
Unit I Fixed-frequency and Tunable lasers, YAG, Argon Ion, Excimer, Dye,
Semiconductor Lasers
Unit II Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF),
Laser Optogalvanic Spectroscopy
Unit III Laser Raman Spectroscopy (CARS, SRS, SERS), Time Resolved
Spectroscopy
Unit IV Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Laser Isotope Separation, Medical
Applications of Laser.

Paper – IV: ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF DIATOMIC MOLECULE

PHY656
Unit I Review of electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, Deslander’s table,
Franck Condom Principle
Unit II Classification of Molecular States, Multiplet Structure, Coupling and
Uncoupling phenomena, Selection Rules for Electronic Transitions,
Unit III Building up Principles. Electronic Configuration in diatomic molecule,
Molecular Orbital Theory.
Unit IV Basic concept of continuous and diffused spectra, Determination of heats
of dissociation.

NON-LINEAR OPTICS
COHERENCE THEORY AND ELEMENTARY NONLINEAR OPTICS
PHY657
Unit I Representation of Polychromatic Field by Analytic Signal. Mutual and Self
Coherence Functions. Degree of Coherence.
Unit II Van Cittert Zernicke Theorem, Degree of Coherence of Thermal Circular
Thermal Source,
Unit III Free Electron in Plane Electromagnetic Wave, Drift Acceleration of
Electron, Second Harmonic Generation in Scattering of Plane
Electromagnetic Wave (elementary discussion)
Unit IV Nonlinear Polarization, Classical Model of an Anharmonic Oscillator,
Susceptibilities and Miller’s Rule.

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Unit V Simple explanation of Kerr Effect, Elementary Discussion of Harmonic
Generation in Dielectric and Phase Matching.

QUANTUM STATES OF RADIATION

PHY658
Unit I Coherent States of Radiation and their Properties, Coherent State as wave
packet, Expansion of States and Operators in Terms of Coherent States.
Unit II Density Operator of Radiation, Sudarshan-Glauber Representation,
Density Operators of Coherent and Chaotic Radiation, Coherence and
Characteristics Functions.
Unit III Polarization and Stokes Parameters, Annihilation and Creation Operators
for Modes with General Polarization.
Unit IV Photoelectron Counting Distribution, Hanbury Brown and Twiss
Experiment, Bunching and Antibunching, Example of pure Fock State for
Antibunching of Photons,
Unit V Quantum Behaviour of Optical Fields, Squeezed States of Radiation
(Elementary Discussion)

X-RAY AND ION BEAM

Paper- III: (X-RAY PHYSICS AND INSTRUMENTATION):

PHY659
Unit I General X-Ray Physics: Energy spectrum, continuous and characteristic
X-ray spectra. Dispersion theory and refraction of X-rays.
Unit II Theory and observation of photoelectric effect and secondary Spectra.
Screening doublets and X-ray energy level diagrams. Forbidden lines.
Unit III Relative intensities of X-ray lines, Theory of fine structure of absorption
edges and absorption discontinuity.
Unit IV X-Ray Generators: Types of X-ray tubes. Sealed source, Detection of X-
Rays: Photographic and electronic detectors
Unit V X-Ray Spectroscopic Techniques: One crystal and ruled gratings in X-ray
spectroscopy. Soft X-rays spectroscopy and valence band spectra, XPS,
AES, EXAFS, XANES.

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Paper- IV: (BEAM PHYSICS AND INSTRUMENTATION)
PHY660
Unit I General Concepts: Emittance and brightness, Effects of space charge in
charged particle sources; Interaction of particles with matter, cross section,
survival probability, free path length, energy loss of heavy particles

Unit II Beam Sources: Survey of beam sources and some applications: Ion
extraction and focusing geometries, positive & negative ion sources, radio
frequency sources, ECR-source, atomic/molecular beam sources
Unit III Overview of accelerator types, beam manipulating elements, beam
acceptance, betatron motion, lattice functions, tune, phase stability,
luminosity, beam cooling.
Unit IV Detection and Controls systems: Transition radiation, detector
characteristics (sensitivity, response, efficiency, dead time), gas detectors,
calorimeters, semiconductor detectors.
Unit V Interface buses for control instrumentation, CAMAC, current trends in data
acquisition.

NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

Paper – III: Advanced Nuclear and Particle Physics – I
PHY661
Unit I Review of Theoretical Techniques I: Rotational invariance in 3-dimesions,
eigen values and eigen functions of angular momentum operators, addition
of angular momenta, C.G. coefficients
Unit II Review of Theoretical Techniques I: Spherical tensors, Wigner Eckart
theorem and its applications. Occupation number representation,
calculation of the matrix element of one-and-two body type symmetric
operators.
Unit III Nuclear Shell Model: Common potential V(r) in spherical shell model,
wave function, quantum numbers. Two-particle outside a closed core,
residual interaction and configuration mixing, effective interaction and
operators. Transformation to center-of-mass and relative coordinates,
Moshinsky transformation brackets, Mean Field models: Nuclear mean
field, Hartree-Fock theory, Hartree-fock Bogolieubov , Pairing plus
quadrupole interactions
Unit IV Energy level calculations. Spectra of closed shell nuclei, lp-lh excitations,
three or more particles outside a closed core, coefficient of fractional
percentage. Shell model Monte Carlo methods

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Unit V Collective models: Nuclear vibrations, isoscalar vibrations, sum rule in
vibration model, Giant resonances. Collective model of Bohr and
Mottelson

Paper IV: Advanced Nuclear and Particle Physics – II

PHY662
Unit I Symmetries and conservation laws, Noether theorem, Parity, Charge
Conjugation and Time Reversal, CPT theorem, G-Parity, SU (2) of isospin
Unit II SU (3) and the quark model, meson and baryon spectra
Unit III Elementary particles as fields, Recapitulation of the quantization of free,
scalar and electromagnetic fields
Unit IV Dirac equation, helicity and chirality, quantization of Dirac fields
Unit V Interaction Hamoltonian in normal form, chronological products, Wicks
theorem, S-matix formulation, Feyman digrams, propagators, Feynman
rules.

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 SEMESTER – IV (Curtailed Syllabus)
Paper - I
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES & CONTROL SYSTEMS
PHY603
Unit I Data Interpretation and Analysis: precision and accuracy, error analysis,
propagation of errors, least squares fitting, linear and non linear curve
fitting, chi-square test.
Unit II Optoelectronic Devices and Detectors: Solar cells, Photo-detector,
Transducers (Temperature , Pressure, Vacuum pumps and Gauges)
Unit III Measurement and Control systems: Signal conditioning and recovery
impedance matching. Ideal operational amplifier, characteristics and
applications; Inverting and non inverting amplifier, integrator,
differentiator, adder and comparator.
Unit IV Analogue v/s digital data: Statement of sampling theorem, A/D converters
(Flash converters, single slope, double slope and successive approximation
converter), D/A converter(R-2R ladder type and weighted resistor type
converter), Digit filter ( tapped delay line filter)

ELECTIVE PAPER
Paper - II
Elective – I
PROGRAMMING FOR NUMERICAL METHODS
PHY663
Unit I C++ keywords: various data types, implicit conversions, for loop, while
and do-while loop, break and continue statements, switch statement, if else,
conditional operator, functions with default arguments, function
overloading.
Unit II ++ and – operators, Arrays, Structures, Pointers, Compound assignment.
Unit III Basic concept of OOP: definition of class and object, declaration of classes
and objects, simple applications.
Unit IV Programming in C++ for the following: Newton Raphson method, Iterative
method, Integration by Trapezoidal and Simpson 1/3 rule, Interpolation,
Matrix manipulations.
Unit V Programming in C++ for Euler’s method, Runge Kutta (second order and
fourth order) method, phase space trajectory, equilibrium points, stability
analysis.

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 Elective – II
ELECTROYNAMICS AND SECOND QUANTIZATION
PHY664
Unit I Radiation from a Moving Charge: Solution of Inhomogeneous Wave
equation, Greens Functions, Lienard Wiechert Potentials and Field from a
moving charge, Larmor’s formula and its Relativistic Generalization
Unit II Angular Distribution of Radiation from an Accelerated Charge,
Unit III Radiation Reaction and Self-Force: Radiation Reaction Force from
Conservation of Energy, Line Width and Level Shift of an Oscillator.
Unit IV Covariant Lagrangian Formalism, Noether’s Theorem, Energy-
Momentum, Angular Momentum Tensors, Current Density Four Vector.
Unit V Second Quantization of Scalar field and of Electromagnetic Field in
Radiation Gauge and of Dirac Field, Simple Problems on Algebra of
Annihilation and Creation Operators.

Elective - III
GROUP THEORY PHY665
Unit I Group theory and its application: Abstract definitions: Group,
Multiplication Table, Sub-groups, Isomorphism and homomorphism,
complexes, Cosets and classes, Indirect-group, Direct product of groups.
Unit II Theory of Representation :Linear vector space, basis, matrix representation
of operators, unitary space, Unitary matrices, representation of group,
characters, reducible and irreducible representations, Invariant subspaces,
Schur’s Lemmas
Unit III Orthogonality theorem for irreducible representation and characters
Regular representation, occurrence of, an irreducible representation in a
reducible representation.
Unit IV Theorem for possible number of irreducible representations of a group.
Direct product of representations. Relationship to Quantum mechanics:
Symmetry transformations, degeneracy and invariant subspaces,
projection operators, transformation of functions.
Unit V Applications to molecular and crystal symmetry, Fundamental point group
operations and nomenclature, construction of thirty-two point groups and
character tables for their irreducible representations.

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CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS PHY666
Paper – III Condensed Matter Physics
Unit I Transport Theory : Phenomenological coefficient Lij and their physical
inter reaction. General Boltzmann equation and its linearization.
Relaxation time solution of Boltzmann equation.
Unit II Electronic contributions of thermal and electrical conductivities and to
Peltier, Seeback coefficient.
Unit III Magnetism :Classical and Semi Classical Theories : Failure to explain
large internal fields. Exchange interaction. Ising Model. Bragg William
Approximation. Explanation of lerge external fields. Non-existence of
ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Ising Model. Two sub-lattice Model.
Unit IV Second Quantized Theory :Ferromagnetic Hiesenberg Hamiltonian,
Holstein-Primakoff transformations and their application to Heisenberg
Hamiltonian for small fractional spin reversal. Ferromagnetic magnons,
Magnon heat capacity and saturation magnetization at small temperatures.
Antiferromagnetic Hamiltonian and its reduction using Holstein Primakoff
transformation, Antiferromagnetic magnons. Zero point sub-lattice
magnetization.
Unit V The Magnetic Phase Transition :Order parameter, Landau’s theory of
second order phase Transitions. Elementary qualitative ideas about critical
exponents and scaling.

Paper – IV Condensed Matter Physics PHY667

Unit I Many Electron Systems :Second quantization for Fermions, field
operators, electron density operator, Hamiltonian for two particle
interactions in second quantized form : Coulmbian interaction and
screened Coulombian interaction.
Unit II Linear Response Theory :Dielectric response analysis, dielectric constant
for electron gas in self consistent approximation, Lindhard formula,
dielectric constant. Dielectric screening of a point charge impurity.
Unit III Electron-Phonon Interaction :Long wavelength limit, deformation
potential interaction, Born approximation, deformation potential
perturbation Hamiltonian, Normal processes, polaron. Number of phonons
accompanying electron.
Unit IV Electron-electron interaction via phonons, Attractive interaction, Cooper
pairs, Reduced Hamitonian for superconducting state. Bogoliubo-Valatin
tranformation, Diagonal and non-diagonal terms.

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Unit V Superconducting ground state energy, nature of ground state, excited
states, Temperature dependence of energy gap, Transition temperature,
Simple treatment of Meissner effect and flux quantization.

ELECTRONICS

PAPER – III: MICROPROCESSOR

PHY668
Unit I Microprocessor: Microprocessor 8085, Instruction set, Simple programs,
Unit II Memory organization and mapping, I/O devices Chip select and
interfacing in I/O mapped and memory mapped I/O schemes.
Unit III Hardware description of 8085.
Unit IV PIA 8255 Handshaking via interrupt and polling, CMOS devices as RAM
and ROM. Memory refresh.

PAPER – IV: ELECTRONICS : SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

PHY669
Unit I Semiconductor Physics: Carrier concentration in intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, recombination process, current density and continuity
equations, decay of photo excited carrirs, steady state injunction, transient
and steady state diffusion.
Unit II P-n junction diode : Junction and diffusion capacitance, diode equation,
break downs, temperature dependence of voltage and current. Varactor
diode and parametric conversion and amplification,
Unit III Tunnel diode, V-I characteristics, tunnel diode as an amplifier and as an
oscillator.
Unit IV Gunn diode, modes of operation, power and frequency performance.
Impact: Static and dynamic characteristic, small signal analysis and
negative conductance, power and frequency performance, device design
and performance. Schottky effect and Schottky diode.

LASER AND SPECTROSCOPY

Paper – III: ADVANCED ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY

PHY670
Unit I Lamb – shift in hydrogen spectrum,
Unit II Complex Spectra and their interpretation, nitrogen, oxygen and manganese
as examples, Alternation of multiplicities, Inversion of states

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Unit III Breit’s Scheme for spectral term derivation, Rydberg atoms and Rydberg
states
Unit IV Photo electron spectroscopy (PES), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES),
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF).
Unit V Limitations of Optical Microscope and Electron Microscope, Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Tunneling Electron
Microscopy (STEM), Fluorescence Microscopy.

Paper – IV: IR & RAMAN SPECTRA OF POLYATOMIC MOLECULES

PHY671
Unit I Rotation and Rotational Spectra of Linear Polyatomic Molecules and
Symmetric Top Polyatomic Molecules, Energy Levels and Symmetry
Properties, Influence of Nuclear Spin and Statistics, Rotational Structure
in the Far Infrared, Rotational Structure in the Raman Spectra & Alteration
of Intensity.
Unit II Vibrational Motion, Motion in Cartesian Coordinates, Mass Weighted
Cartesian Coordinates, Normal Coordinates and Normal Modes of Motion;
Vibrational Energy, Infra-red and Raman Vibrational Spectra
Unit III Fermi Resonance, Several Potential Minima and Inversion in Ammonia
Molecule, Torsional oscillations, Active and Inactive IR and Raman
Fundamentals, Functional Group Analysis.
Unit IV Interaction of Rotation and Vibration, Rotation Vibration Spectra of Linear
Polyatomic Molecule, Energy levels and Symmetry Properties, Coriolis
Interaction, IR and Raman Spectra of Linear Polyatomic Molecule.

X-RAYS AND ION BEAM

Paper - III GEOMETRICAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION
PHY672
Unit I Symmetries and classification of crystals. Point groups and space groups.
Bragg’s Law, Reciprocal lattice, Laue equations.
Unit II Scattering of X-Rays by electron, Lorentz polarization factor, Atomic
scattering factor.
Unit III Powder diffraction, Laue, Rotation, Oscillation and Weissenberg methods.
Crystal structure analysis, Fourier method, phase problem, Patterson
function.
Unit IV Diffuse scattering of X-rays by gases, liquids, polymers and Amorphous
materials

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Unit V Low angle scattering, Electron and neutron diffraction.

Paper - IV ION BEAMS INDUCED MODIFICATION AND

CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
PHY673
Unit I GENERAL CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:
Energy loss of Mev Ions in Solids: Interaction of a particle with a free
electron gas, local density approximation in stopping power theory,
electronic stopping cross section. Nuclear and Electronic energy loss.
Theories of Energy transfer from Ion to matter: Thermal Spike, Coulomb
Explosion, Lateral Mass Transport.
Unit II Simulation of range distribution by Monte-Carlo methods (SRIM/TRIM),
Ion implantation, radiation damage and structure change, ion beam mixing,
radiation enhanced diffusion, diffusion by vacancies, self-diffusion and
impurity diffusion, impurity incorporation, silicide formation,
Unit III RBS and Channeling, ERDA, NRA, PIXE etc.
Unit IV ION BEAMS IN DEVICE MAKING: Amorphous superstructure and
hetero-junctions, band discontinuities and local structure, ion induced
amorphous to single crystal transition in silicon.
Unit V Polymer. Special features of the super conducting state - magnetization
M(H).

NON-LINEAR OPTICS
RESONANT INTERACTION OF ATOMS WITH RADIATION – I
PHY674
Unit I Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Broadenings, Semi-classical Theory of
Interactions of Two-Level Atoms with Radiation, Rotating Wave
Approximation and Description by a Pseudo-spin Vector.
Unit II Optical Bloch Equations, Comparison of Classical and Semi-classical
Descriptions, Elementary Ideas about Area of Pulses and Rabi solution of
Optical Bloch Equations. Phenomenological Introduction of Decay
Constants.
Unit III Solution of Optical Bloch Equations and Elementary Applications,
Elementary Ideas about Optical Nutation.
Unit IV Coupled Maxwell and Optical Bloch Equations, The Factorization
Assumption, Elementary ideas about Self-Induced Transparency
Unit V Elementary ideas about Mc Call Hahn Area Theorem and, Photon Echo
and its Direction

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RESONANT INTERACTION OF ATOMS WITH RADIATION– II
PHYS675
Unit I Two-Level Model of Atoms, Atomic Spin Operators and States and their
properties, Rotations in Atomic Spin Space.
Unit II Dicke’s Collective Atom Operators and States, Degeneracy of Dicke States
of an Assembly of Atoms, Holstein-Primakoff and Two-Boson Modes
Representations of Dicke Operators and States.
Unit III Elementary Ideas about Entanglement of Two Two-Level Systems and
their Use in Quantum Teleportation.
Unit IV Schrodinger, Heisenberg and Interaction Pictures. Hamiltonian for
Interaction of an Atom with Radiation. Relative Contributions of p.A and
A2 terms, Dipole Approximatiion, Rotating Wave Approximation.
Unit V Weisskopf-Wigner Approximation.

NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

Paper – III : ADVANCED NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
PHY676
Unit I Coincidence method, decay schemes, counters, statistics of counting,
Poisson and Gaussian distribution, statistical quality of data, chi-square
test
Unit II Nuclear Reaction: Compound nucleus model, Resonance, level density;
decay, cross-section, entrance channel effect, Statistical theory, Pre
equilibrium model
Unit III Direct reaction, Plane wave theory (Born approximation), general theory,
examples of direct reactions, nuclear spectroscopy from direct reactions,
Theory of average cross-section, optical model
Unit IV Heavy ion induced nuclear reactions, Features of medium and low energy
heavy ion elastic scattering, diffraction model, Coulomb excitation.
Unit V Exotic Nuclei: Nuclear structure at the extremes of stability, proton and
neutron drip lines, nuclear halos, neutron skins, proton rich nuclei and
beyond, decay modes of exotic nuclei, RI B as a new experimental
technique.

Paper – IV: ADVANCED NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

PHY677

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Unit I Basic relativistic kinematics, Mandelstam variables, Lorentz invariant
phase space, cross section for 2→2 processes, decay width for 1→2 and
for 1→3 processes
Unit II Lagrangian for electron-photon interaction, gauge invariance, e+e-→+-
Unit III Weak interaction, parity violation and (V-A) theory, amplitude and
calculation of decay width for pion and muon decays, Cabibbo angle,
Unit IV Brief overview of recent developments, qualitative introduction to deep
inelastic scattering, parton model and quantum chromodynamics,

PHY - Physics

Semester III and IV laboratory course code

Condensed Matter Lab

PHY631
Electronics Lab
PHY632
Laser & Spectroscopy Lab
PHY633
Non-Linear Lab
PHY634
X-rays & Ion Beam Lab PHY635

Nuclear & Particle Physics Lab PHY636

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