Islamic University of Technology
Lab Report
Course Code: ME-4782
Course Title: Automotive Technology Lab
Experiment Number: 3
Experiment Title: Study of cooling and lubrication systems in automotive
engines.
Name: Nifat Mouddit Nizhum
Student ID: 200011119
Department: MPE
Proggrame: ME
Date of Experiment: 02-10-2024
Date of Submission: 02-10-2024
Pre Work
1. To keep the engine from becoming too hot, a radiator is an essential part
of every vehicle’s cooling system. It does this by transferring heat from
the engine coolant to air. The radiator’s fins expose the coolant to air
as it flows through narrow tubes. To keep the engine running at peak
efficiency, the radiator dissipates the heat carried by the coolant as it runs
past it. In contrast, any component that allows the movement of heat
from one system to another, whether it be liquids or gases like air, is
collectively known as a heat exchanger. A variety of heat exchangers are
used in many applications such as heating systems, air conditioning, and
industrial settings; radiators are a subset of this larger category that is
specifically developed for use in automobiles. Just to sum up, while heat
exchangers in general are radiators, not all heat exchangers are radiators.
2. Engine coolant normally consists of a 50/50 combination of water and
ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. Engine temperatures may be properly
managed under harsh situations with the use of ethylene glycol, which
lowers the coolant’s freezing point and raises its boiling point. In order
to prevent corrosion and preserve the engine and cooling system’s interior
components, coolants also include dyes that help them stand out from
other fluids. It is common practice to modify the chemical makeup of
coolant in colder areas (like Canada) so that it can endure the severe cold.
For example, in Canada, the glycol percentage might be raised to 60-70%,
which gives better protection against freezes. To further shield the engine
from freezing and sub-zero corrosion, cold-weather additives may be used.
3. Reducing friction, preventing wear, and ensuring smooth operation of mov-
ing components are all key functions of an engine’s lubrication system.
Heat and friction are produced as engine components move and touch
with one another. Lubricating oil creates a barrier between the surfaces,
reducing friction and protecting them from fast wear and damage caused
by direct metal-to-metal contact. In addition to keeping the engine from
overheating, oil also helps to control the temperature by removing heat
from friction. It helps keep the engine clean by capturing debris and metal
particles before they may build up on moving components. The engine’s
efficiency and longevity are both preserved by the lubricating oil’s ability
to prevent corrosion and oxidation.
4. Lubricating oils usually include basic oils and a number of additives that
boost performance. Most of the oil is base oil, which may be made of
mineral components, synthetic components, or a combination of the two.
Detergents keep the engine clean, antioxidants keep the oil from break-
ing down at high temperatures, anti-wear agents keep engine parts from
wearing down, and viscosity modifiers keep the oil’s flow properties con-
sistent across a wide temperature range; these are just a few examples of
the additives used to improve the oil’s performance in various situations.
1
Lubricating oils have a number of characteristics, one of which is its vis-
cosity, which indicates how thick the oil is and how it changes in flow at
various temperatures. Low-viscosity oils are better suited to lower tem-
peratures and have a smoother flow, but high-viscosity oils are thicker and
provide greater protection under heavy loads. Thermal stability, resistance
to oxidation, and protection against rust and corrosion are other crucial
features.
5. To dissipate heat, the cooling system relies on the radiator; to circulate
coolant, it uses the water pump; and to control the flow of coolant de-
pending on the engine’s temperature, it uses the thermostat. The system
is completed by the heater core, which utilises engine heat to warm the
vehicle’s interior, the expansion tank, which allows the coolant to expand
and contract with temperature changes, and the coolant hoses. Oil pumps,
oil pans or sumps, and oil filters are essential parts of the lubricating sys-
tem because they transport oil around the engine, store it, and filter out
impurities. In addition to oil galleries or channels that guide oil flow to
different engine components, the system could include an oil cooler that
keeps oil at the ideal temperature. The engine’s effective and safe running
depends on both systems, which keep it cool, greased, and protected from
wear and damage.
