TERM 3 - 2024
GEOGRAPHY
FORM 1 MARKING SCHEME
1 (a) Types of environment
Physical environment
Human environment [2x1=2mks]
(b) Areas of study in physical Geography
The earth and the solar system
Structure of the earth
Internal land forming processes
External land forming processes
Weather and climate
Vegetation
Drainage
Soils [3x1=3mks]
(c) Relationship between Geography and Mathematics
Mathematics formulaes are used in geography to calculate distances/areas/population density
Geographical techniques are applied in calculating direction/bearing in mathematics
Geography information can be analysed/presented accurately through the application of
mathematical techniques
[1x2=2mks]
(d) Social sciences studied in geography
Economics
History
Demography [3x1=3mks]
2.(a) Theories that explain the origin of the solar system
Nebula cloud theory
Creation theory [2x1=2mks]
(b) The passing star theory
A star with greater gravitational pull than the sun passed close to the sun.
The star drew off a stream of materials in form of gas from the sun.
The materials splitted, cooled and condensed to form the planets set in orbit by the passing star.
The moons and other heavenly bodies moving around the sun were formed in a similar manner.
[3x1=3mks]
(c) i) Parts marked
(i) P - Atmosphere
(ii) Q – Crust
(iii) S – Inner core [3x1=3mks]
(ii) Discontinuities marked
R – Mohorovic discontinuity/Moho discontinuity
Z – Gutenberg discontinuity [2x1=2mks]
(b) Minerals that make up the layer marked Q
Silica
Aluminium
Magnesium [3x1=3mks]
(d) First three planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth [3x1=3mks]
(e) Rotation is the spinning of the earth on its own axis while revolution is the movement of the earth
around the sun on its orbit. [1x2=2marks]
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[4x1=mks]
(f) Components of the solar system
The sun
The planets
The moon
Asteroids
Meteors
Comets
Meteolites [any 3x1=3mks]
(g) Main layers of the atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere [2x1=2mks]
3(a) Weather
This is the condition of the atmosphere of a given place at a specific or over a short period of time
[1x2=2mks]
(b)
Temparative
Humidity
Precipitation
Air pressure
Wind
Cloud cover
[Any 3x1=3 marks]
(c) Substances suspended in the atmosphere
Dust particles
Gases
Smoke
Salt particles/Sodium chloride [2x1=2mks]
(d) (i) Factors considered when classifying clouds
Height
Shape/Form
Appearance [2x1=2mks]
(e)
Formation of Relief rainfall
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A water body is heated causing evaporation of water
Warm, moist air from the sea comes across a mountain barrier and is forced to rise
Forced ascent, causes the air to expand, then cools. The moisture in it condenses giving rise to
clouds that yield rainfall on the windward side of the mountain
NB: Last bit: windward side must be mentioned for maximum score. Text = 4, Diagram max. 2mks
(Total 6mks)
(f) (i)preparation for the field study
Reading from secondary sources
Conducting reconnaissance/pre-visit
Seeking permission from the relevant authorities
Collecting the relevant tools
Dividing participants/students into groups
Preparing a working schedule
Identifying the method of collecting data
Formulating hypothesis/objectives [3x1=3mks]
(ii) Methods of recording data
Filling-in questionnaire
Note taking
Tabulation
Taking photographs
Tape recording /Video recording
Drawing sketches [3x1=3mks]
(iii)Secondary sources of information
Journals
Maps
Magazines
Newspapers
Textbooks
Periodicals
Census reports
Statistical abstracts [3x1=3mks]
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4.(a) (i)Total production
2,344,000 tonnes [2marks]
(ii) Average production
2,344,000/5=468,800 tonnes [2marks]
(b)
(i)
Title 1mark
Labelled axes 2marks
Scale 1mark
Correct plotting and drawing, max 4 marks
NB: Do not penalize if the candidate does not leave spaces between the bars.
(ii) Advantages of bar graph
It is easy to draw
It gives clear visual impression
It is easy to read and interpret
It allows comparison of different quantities [4x1=4mks]
5.(a) Types of maps
Topographical maps
Sketch maps
Atlas maps
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(b) Marginal information found on maps
Key
Scales
Map series
Sheet name and title
Sheet index Number
Grid systems
Latitudes and longitudes
Compass direction
Magnetic Variation
Edition, Publisher and copyright
Index to adjoining sheets
Administrative boundaries [4x1=4mks]
6 (a) Rock
Naturally occurring aggregate of mineral particles forming part of the earth’s crust [1x1=1mk]
(b) Classification of rocks
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks [3x1=3marks]
(c)Significance of rocks to man
Rocks are source of valuable minerals
Rocks store underground water
Rocks provide good sceneries for tourist attraction
Rocks provide construction materials eg sand, cement
Rocks are source of income/employment
Marking of artifacts [3x1=3mks]
7.(a) (i) mining
This is the process of extracting variable minerals from the earth’s crust [1x1=1mk]
(ii) Methods of underground mining
Drift/Adit mining
Shaft mining
Solution method
Drilling method [2x1=2mks]
b) (i) Factors considered before exploitation of minerals
Value of the mineral-Minerals with high value are more likely to be exploited
Size of the mineral deposit-small sized minerals are not economically viable for extraction
Quality of the ore-high quality ores are preferred
Method of mining-the cheapest method of exploitation suitable for a mineral is employed
Technology-advanced technology is used
Availability of capital-mining is capital intensive
[2x2=4mks]
Problems facing mining in Kenya.
inadequate capital for prospecting and mining minerals
insufficient skilled personel makes Kenya import.
when mines collapse miners are buried alive hence dying
stiff competition from developed countries which exploit some minerals
remoteness and poor transport network hinder exploitation of minerals
small minerals deposits which are uneconomical hence remaining largely unexploited.
[3x2=6 marks]
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