PHILIPPINE - the term indigenous refers

to any ethnic group that

EXILE - forced migration of
populations
POPULAR CULTURE resides in its original location
ENCULTURATION,
Hanna Mae L. Bondoc 5. HIGH CULTURE - it ACCULTURATION, AND
emphasizes and ASSIMILATION
CHAPTER 1: PERSPECTIVE encompasses the cultural
IN PHILIPPINE POPULAR objects of aesthetic value ENCULTURATION - refers to
that a society considers to be the process of learning and
CULTURE: NATURE AND
representative of their internalizing their culture's
DEFINITIONS OF values, norms, beliefs, and
culture
POPULAR CULTURE behaviors
CULTURE - refers to the ACCULTURATION - is the
pattern of human activity adaptation process that
and the symbols that give occurs when two or more
significance to them CULTURAL PRESERVATION cultures come into contact
- word "culture" derives from CULTURAL HERITAGE - does not require rejection of
a French term, which in turn PRESERVATION - means your home culture
derives from the Latin keeping the artifacts and
"colere" which means 'to traditions of a community ASSIMILATION - involves
tend to the earth and grow', intact taking on the traits and
or 'cultivation and nurture’ customs of the dominant
CULTURAL HERITAGE - is culture while simultaneously
- according to Raymond central to protecting our rejecting your traditional
Williams, culture is one of the sense of who we are culture
two or three most
How to Preserve Your Culture - often demanded of new
complicated words in the
English language. He 1. Participating in Traditions immigrants to a society
suggested three broad
 Share your culture's DIASPORA CULTURE - derived
definitions:
art and technology from Greek verb
1. To refer to a general  Attend or organize “diasperien”, meaning 'to
process of intellectual, major event sow over' or a 'scattering or
spiritual and aesthetic  Spend time with other sowing of seeds'
development members of the - used to refer to the
community scattering of people across
2. To suggest a particular
 Speak your ancestral spaces, borders, and nations
way of life, whether of a
language
people, a period or a group
2. Recording Your Culture
3. To refer to the works and
practices of intellectual and CHAPTER 2: FOREIGN
 Choose a focus
especially artistic activity  Decide on a medium INFLUENCES ON FILIPINO
 Conduct interviews CULTURE
- has been called "the way of
 Use your records to
life for an entire society” SPANIARDS
fight for your culture
FORMS OF CULTURE  Accept change - The Spanish colonization of
the Philippines lasted for 333
1. POPULAR CULTURE - FUSION AND DIFFUSION OF years.
culture that is widely favored CULTURES
or well-liked: it has no FERDINAND MAGELLAN
CULTURAL FUSION - it is a
negative connotations (1480-1521) - a Portuguese
phenomenon which emerges explorer who organized the
2. MASS CULTURE - emerges when two or more cultures Spanish expedition, resulting
from the centralized inter-mingle and produce a in the first circumnavigation
production processes of the new culture of the Earth
mass media
- process through which JUAN SEBASTIAN ELCANO
3. FOLK CULTURE - refers to a newcomers to a culture (1476-1526) - the one who
culture traditionally practiced adopt behaviors/traits of the continued and completed the
by small, rural group dominant culture expedition after the death of
- often associated with CULTURAL DIFFUSION - the Magellan
tradition, historical word diffusion is derived RUY LOPEZ DE VILLALOBOS
continuity, sense of place, from the Latin word, (1500-1546) - gave the name
and belonging "diffundere", which means LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS to honor
"to spread out"
4. INDIGENOUS CULTURE - Philip Il of Spain
culture that is native or - it is the ability to borrow of LANGUAGES
traditional culture
Filipino/ Spanish
EXILE AND CULTURE Tagalog
 Kutsara Cuchara and indigenous populations FOOD
Kumusta Como Esta at the bottom
Trabaho Trabajo  Hamburgers
Tsuper Chofer OTHER INFLUENCES  Hot dogs
Kotse Coche  Sandwiches
Patriarchal Politics & Culture -  Oatmeal
Tsinelas Chinela
Mansanas Manzanas the Philippine government  Ketchup
Lakwatsa La Cuacha was dominated by male
Intindi Entiende servants ENGLISH

Superiority Complex – it is an English began to be taught in

RELIGION ideology that one is more the schools, and this is the
powerful than anyone else language that the teachers
- Before the Spaniards came would use.
to the Philippines, Filipinos Religious Fanaticism - refers
were Pagans - their gods and to the extreme and fanatic  Cake = Keyk
goddesses were embedded agreement and belief of a  X-ray = Eksray
in nature religious doctrine  Cookie = Kukis
- Perhaps the most notable  Ballpen = Bolpen
Mañana Habit - to do a  Interview = Interbyu
influence of the Spaniards to certain thing in a later time
the Filipino culture is  Computer =
Christianity. Today, there are Sabong – a bloody fight of Kompyuter
more than 600,000 churches two cocks to death  Biscuit = Biskwit
in the Philippines
AMERICANS JAPANESE
Other Religious Influences:
GOVERNMENT Discipline and Work Ethic -
 Festivals Japanese culture emphasizes
 Simbang Gabi - is a  3 Branches of the discipline, hard work, and
devotional nine-day Government: perseverance
series of Masses held Executive, Legislative,
daily from December and Judiciary. Appreciation for Art and
16-24  Democratic Aesthetics - this influence
 Semana Santa (Holy can be seen in Filipino
Institutions
week) employees' dedication to
EDUCATION delivering high-quality work.
CUISINE
- The impact of the Spanish  First teachers were
influence on local cuisine is called: Thomasites
 Medium of Instruction: OTHER INFLUENCES:
very much evident during
religious feasts, especially at English Removing Slippers – this is in
Christmas  Schools Established: fact an Asian custom that the
University of the Filipinos learned from the
Examples:
Philippines, Philippine Japanese
 Adobo Normal College, and
 Asado other agricultural Martial Arts - any of several
 Menudo schools arts of combat and self-
 Mechado defense (such as karate and
 Pochero Free Education - Americans judo) that are widely
 Afritada introduced the idea of free practiced as sport.
 Caldereta education to the Philippine
 Lechon Calisthenics - radio
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM - when calisthenics refer to the
EDUCATION the United States took over broadcasting of exercise
the Philippines, the people music through radio stations
- The education system was
began to be free to join
primarily shaped by religious
orders and focused on whatever religion they Kite flying - considered part
religious instruction. wanted of a Filipino's childhood.

- Spanish friars played a role CLOTHING Curfew – a regulation

in teaching Catholicism, requiring people to remain
 Belts indoors between specified
Latin, and Spanish
 Suspenders hours, typically at night
SOCIAL STRUCTURE  Polo Shirts
 Tennis shoes CHINESE
- Spanish colonization  Short skirt/dresses
introduced a hierarchical  Bonnets/hats - China was already
social structure, with  High heels interacting with Filipinos ever
European elites at the top  Make-up since 9th century. Chinese
traders went to Philippine  Wearing red or 1. Bayanihan - system or
shores to have a barter. something bright on spirit of kinship and
celebrations camaraderie
- Overtime, the Chinese
married Filipinos and they SOUTH KOREANS - a group of individuals
were called as mestizo de extends a helping hand
sangley. Korean diaspora - refers to without expecting any
the migration of Koreans in remuneration
LANGUAGE the Philippines.
2. Damayan System -
Mandarin - is the most Reasons: World War II and sympathy for people who lost
spoken language having 920 War with North Korea their loved ones
million native speakers. 3. Close Family Relation - a
- Korean Pop Culture started
Filipino trait of giving highest
Hokkien - is spoken in the hitting around 2008-2009 in
importance to family above
southern seaward quarter of the Philippines.
other thing
Fujian, southeastern
Zhejiang. Primarily spoken TV AND MOVIE INFLUENCES 4. Fun-Loving Trait - a trait
vernacularly by Chinese - In the early 2000s, TV that makes them unique that
Filipinos in the Philippines dramas and movies rose in even in time of calamities
and other challenges in life,
Hokkien Chinese Borrowings the Philippines
they always have something
in Tagalog K-POP MUSIC INFLUENCES to be happy about
 bimpo = bin-po - Philippines is known to be 5. Hospitality - being
 hikaw = hee-kaw one of the biggest countries receptive, welcoming and
 susi = so-see generous to guests
who love and support Korean
 pechay = pe-tsai artists and their songs 6. Compassionate - being
 bakya = bak-ia sympathetic to others even if
- Filipinos created their own the person is a stranger.
RELIGION: BUDDHISM AND genre of music called P-Pop
TAOISM 7. Regionalism - giving more
FASHION INFLUENCES priority in giving favors to his
Buddhism - is a faith founded province mate before others
by Siddhartha Gautama Fashion is very huge in
(Buddha) Filipino culture and is shifting 8. Friendly
from a Western look to a
Taoism - "tao" means the more Asian one like the rest 9. Flexible - the ability of
way. It is a Chinese Filipinos to ride on or adjust
of the world
philosophy attributed to Lao to the norms of the other
Tzu CUISINE group

 KimchiBibimbap 10. Pakikisama - submitting

BELIEF
 SamgyeopsalKimbap oneself to the will of the
Feng Shui - refers to the group for the sake of
 Bingsu
Chinese system of camaraderie and unity
 Tteokbokki
positioning a building  Double-Fried chicken 11. Religious - most Filipinos
 Japchae possess strong conformance
 Bulgogi of their religious belief in
action and in words

CUISINE 12. Respect to Elders - being

courteous both in words and
Dishes such as lumpia and in actions to the people of
pancit became staples in older people
festivals and celebrations
13. Remedyo Attitude - being
OTHER INFLUENCES: creative and resourceful
CHAPTER 3: FORMS OF
 Frugality - it is the POPULAR CULTURE: 14. Matiyaga - Filipinos are
practice of careful MUSIC, ART AND known for their tenacity and
LITERATURE strong determination in
spending of money or
every undertaking
other resources
CULTURAL VALUES
 Love for bargain 15. Utang na Loob - a feeling
 Fireworks or - these are core principles or of obligation to repay
firecrackers ideals that an entire someone
 Giving cash as gifts community or society is
based around Negative Filipino Cultural
 Fruit grafting Values
 Setting up 12 round Positive Filipino Cultural
fruits during new year Values 1. 'Bahala Na' Attitude -
characterized by retreating
or withdrawal from certain monster (manananggal) or have taken place in human
undertaking and leaving even animals like pig, cat, or history.
everything to God to a dog
interfere Examples of Legends in the
2. Bakunawa - a mythical Philippines:
2. Love For Gambling - serpentine creature that is
characterized by love and represented as a gigantic sea 1. The Turtle and the Monkey
over use of betting or serpent - considered the first
gambling children's story in the
- a beautiful diwata of the Philippines
3. Blue-Seal Mentality - a sea.
Filipino value of showing high - authored by Jose Rizal
admiration and preference to 3. Berberoka - it ensnares
victims by drinking enough 2. The Legend of Maria
foreign produced goods over Makiling - considered the
local ones water in a pond to cause fish
to appear in the surface most popular diwata in
4. Crab Mentality - Philippine mythology, Maria
characterized by an attempt 4. Bungisngis - a one-eyed Makiling protects the bounty
to "pull down" someone giant that lives in forests and resources of the
mountain for the Laguna
5. Filipino Time - attitude of 5. Diwata ("Devada") - townspeople
impreciseness towards time referred as lesser god or
goddesses 3. The Legends of Sarimanok
6. Gaya-Gaya Attitude - - this legendary bird is
attitude of imitating or - colloquialized in modern considered a symbol of good
copying other times as fairies or fortune, and is used in many
enchantress. emblems of the tribe
7. Kapalaran Values -
accepting his fate by 6. Duwende - they are 4. The Legend of the
believing that everything is goblins, elves, or dwarves Pineapple - once upon a
written in his palm - "tabi-tabi po" or time, there was a woman
"makikiraan po" who lived with her daughter
8. Mañana Habit - delaying a Pina in a tiny hut in the
certain task assigned on the - they are little creatures who village
next day provide good or bad fortune
5. The Legend of Banana -
9. Ningas-Cogon - being 7. Kapre - it is a filthy giant Among her suitors, Juana
enthusiastic only during the who likes to smoke huge rolls chose a young man with
start but ends dismally in of cigars brawny arms and fingers to
accomplishing be her fiancé. But one of her
8. Manananggal - an aswang spurned suitors became
10. Tsamba Lang - simplicity that can fly after separating
by declaring that his/her envious and made a drastic
itself from the lower half of move — the reason why the
accomplishments are results its body
of luck and not from banana came about
perseverance and ability 9. Mangkukulam - also called 6. The Legend of the Cashew
as bruha (witch) Nut
11. Amor-Propio - means self-
love, ego-defensiveness, or 10. Sigbin - a dog-like 7. The Legend of Name
personal pride creature that is visible only Durian
to its owner
SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEFS 8. The Legend of the Garlic
11. Sirena/Siyokoy - regarded
- a belief or practice resulting as mermaids (female) and 9. The Legend of Lanzones
from ignorance, fear of the mermen (males)
unknown, trust in magic or 10. The Legend of Spider
chance, or a false conception - they are sea creatures with
of causation a human upper body and a FILIPINO CUISINE
fish tail instead of lower 1. Adobo - it's in Mexican
- a belief on certain events or extremities alike to humans
things will bring good or bad origin characterized by
luck 12. Tikbalang - usually cooking pork/chicken with
demon horses that is vinegar and soy sauce added
- these are sets of knowledge depicted as a half-man, and with other spices
and customs concerning half-horse
about luck and hex 2. Lechon - it is the most
13. Tiyanak - taking the form invited visitor in Filipino
MYTHICAL CREATURES AND of an infant child and crying festivals
LEGENDS IN THE PHILIPPINES like one too 3. Sisig - in the culinary
1. Aswang - they are LEGEND capital of Pampanga, they
shapeshifters turn pork cheeks, head and
- a genre of folklore that liver into a sizzling dish
- typically transform as a consists of a narrative
large bird with long tongue featuring human actions,
(tiktik), a half-bodied believed or perceived to
4. Crispy Pata - this pork - talks about how war ● Eddie Garcia - known for
knuckle is simmered, drained affected the lives of two his versatility
and deep fried until crisp aristocratic families
● Sharon Cuneta - she gained
5. Chicken Inasal - refers to 5. Shake, Rattle, And Roll - it fame as a teen star and went
grilled chicken is divided into three (3) story on to become a pop culture
episodes: "multo", "kulam", icon in the 1980s
6. Bulalo - a dish served on and "aswang"
broth with rich flavors ● Vice Ganda - known for his
seeped from beef after BEAUTY PAGEANTS (50'S TO witty humor
boiling for hours PRESENT)
● Eraserheads - a pioneering
7. Kare-kare - it is an oxtail - a beauty pageant or Filipino rock band
stew made from ground contest is a competition that
roasted rice and crushed has traditionally focused on ● Francis Magalona -
peanuts judging and ranking the pioneering Filipino rapper
physical attributes, and actor
8. Sinigang – it is often personalities, talents, and
accompanied by vegetables intelligence of the
like kangkong and string contestants.
beans
Major Beauty Pageants
9. Longaniza - it is a pork
sausage with different - the term beauty pageant is
versions across the country largely referred to the
● Regine Velasquez - known
10. Balut - this 17-day-old as the "Asia's Songbird"
duck embryo is boiled,
served with rock salt or spicy ● Apl.De.Ap (Allan Pineda
vinegar Lindo) - a member of the
Grammy award-winning
11. Bibingka - they are rice group The Black Eyed Peas.
cakes made from soaking the
rice overnight, grinding it ● Arnel Pineda - the lead
with mortar stone and mixing singer of the popular
it with coconut milk and American rock band Journey
sugar ● Charice Pempengco -
12. Halo-halo - it is shaved women. In the old times, described by Oprah as "the
ice drowned in milk and they received a lot of most talented girl in the
served with generous criticisms due to the world"
amounts of banana, pinipig, conservatism of some ● Manny Pacquiao - an iconic
leche flan, ube, etc. countries boxer and politician
FILIPINO MOVIES (50'S TO POPULAR CULTURAL ICONS ● Hidilyn Diaz - a weightlifter
PRESENT) (50'S TO PRESENT) who made history by winning
1. Himala - it is a 39-year-old ● Lea Salonga - is a the first-ever Olympic gold
classic movie that become renowned singer and actress medal for the Philippines in
famous and critically- who gained international 2021
acclaimed from different recognition for her role as ● Carlos Edriel Yulo - a
nations Kim in the musical "Miss Filipino artistic gymnast
Saigon"
- it stars Nora Aunor on a
topic about supernaturalism ● Nora Aunor - known as the
and belief on God "Superstar"
2. Ang Tatay Kong Nanay - it ● Vilma Santos - she is often
stars Dolphy and Nino referred to as the "Star for All
Muhlach that delves into the Seasons" Chapter 4: EVOLUTION
themes of homosexuality and OF FASHION TRENDS,
single parenting ● Freddie Aguilar - singer- AND MUSIC IN THE
songwriter known for his
PHILIPPINES (1950s-
3. Gaano Kadalas Ang Minsan influential folk and protest
- it stars Dindo Fernando, songs PRESENT)
Vilma Santos and Hilda Lesson 1: Evolution of
Koronel that talks about the ● Fernando Poe Jr. - dubbed
the "King of Action Movies" Fashion Trends in the
intricacies of marriage and Philippines. (50’s to
adultery ● Dolphy (Rodolfo Vera Present)
4. Oro, Plata, Mata - it is a Quizon Sr.) - was a beloved
comedian and actor and FASHION - is a form of self-
collaboration of powerhouse expression and a way of
cast (Joel Torre, Cherie Gil, widely regarded as the
country's "King of Comedy" individuals to showcase their
Sandy Andolong, and Kuh personal style and creativity
Ladesma.)
1950’s boys. It was a straight
hairstyle that has a middle
• By the late 1950s, women parting at the center 1970s-1980s
started to wear dresses and
with floral prints and fuller 2000s • This period saw the rise of
knee-length skirts OPM (Original Pilipino Music)
• 2000s fashion was with artists like Freddie
• The style was inspired by considered a mash up of Aguilar, Ryan Cayabyab, and
Christian Dior's “New Look” different styles Hotdog. OPM incorporated
collection Filipino themes and
• Men still followed the instruments into pop music,
1960s 1990s fashion fostering a sense of national
• A new kind of dress 2010s identity.
invented by Mary Quant, • The country's first
called the miniskirt, mini • Most of the women began
wearing Tumblr inspired songwriting competition,
dresses started to become Metro Manila Popular Music
popular clothes
Festival, was first established
• Hair became very stylish • Women became interested in 1977
in 1960s fashion
• Men's fashion shifted 1990s
towards a more youthful vibe • Men also began wearing
preppy clothes • Pop music in the Philippines
1970s became more diverse with
• Skinny jeans and shorts the emergence of boy bands
• More modest clothing such proved to be popular among like Smokey Mountain and
as maxi skirts were known the men female pop groups like
Sexbomb.
• Vintage clothing from the • In 2013, skater skirts
Victorian Era of the west also became popular among • It was also the era of ballad
became popular teenage girls singers like Regine Velasquez
and Martin Nievera.
• Men also started to grow • Denim pants was replaced
their hair long by skirts and leggings 2000s
• The turtle neck became 2020s • Pop music continued to
popular as well as sweater evolve with the introduction
vests • There has been no style of pop- rock bands like
that has specifically stood Parokya ni Edgar and
• Denim jeans also started to out Rivermaya.
emerge, as well as
sweatshirts • Today, younger generations • The Philippines also
have put a fresh take on the embraced K-Pop and other
1980s Y2K trend international trends.
• Young adults, also started • Small pieces were also all 2010s
to wear clothes with shoulder the rage back then
pads while teenagers started • Social media played a
wearing neon-colored clothes • Y2K was also all about significant role in the success
oversized flared pants and of Filipino artists like Sarah
• Most women had their hair chunky platform shoes Geronimo, Yeng Constantino,
curled and Moira Dela Torre.
• Y2K in the 2020s is more
• Men and teenage boys toned down 2020s
started to wear brightly
colored t-shirts or polo shirts Lesson 2: Evolution of • Whether it was a song that
Music in the Philippines. made us dance, a track that
• Sportswear also became (50’s to Present) captured our collective rage,
popular or soothed our collective
1950s-1960s
1990s anxiety, Filipino artists came
• The post-war era saw the through.
• This decade saw the emergence of Filipino pop
beginning of the influence of stars like Diomedes Maturan • From the influence of K-pop
rock music to mainstream and Sylvia La Torre. and J-pop, a new era of Pinoy
fashion. pop was born as P-Pop.
• The music was heavily
• Men started to wear dark, influenced by American pop • In May 2020, in the midst
simple and mostly oversized and crooners. of pandemic, Star Hunt
clothes Academy led by Laurenti
• It was also during this time Dyogi introduced new Pinoy
• Women also wore loose, that the “kundiman” genre, a pop idol groups trainees in
simple and casual clothing traditional Filipino love song, public, composed of 8 SHA
remained popular. Girls (now collectively known
• Also, a hairstyle called as Bini) and 5 SHA Boys (now
cachupoy was considered collectively known as BGYO).
popular among teenage
• On February 14, 2021, Viva
Entertainment introduced
their newest P-pop group
Alamat.