Conjunctions Notes
Definition:
• A conjunction is a word that connects clauses, sentences, or words in the same
clause. They play a crucial role in sentence structure and coherence.
Types of Conjunctions:
1. Coordinating Conjunctions:
o Connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal rank.
o The acronym FANBOYS helps remember
them: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So.
o Examples:
▪ She wants to go to the park, but it’s raining.
▪ He likes chocolate and vanilla ice cream.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions:
o Connect an independent clause with a dependent clause, indicating
relationships such as time, cause, condition, and contrast.
o Common subordinating conjunctions
include: although, after, because, before, if, since, while, unless.
o Examples:
▪ Although it was cold, we went for a walk.
▪ You can go to the party if you finish your homework.
3. Correlative Conjunctions:
o Pairs of conjunctions that work together to connect equivalent
elements.
o Common correlative conjunctions
include: either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, both…and.
o Examples:
▪ You can either stay home or come with us.
▪ He is not only talented but also hardworking.
Functions of Conjunctions:
• Joining Words: Connect similar parts of speech (e.g., nouns, verbs).
o Example: I like apples and oranges.
• Joining Phrases: Link phrases that provide additional information.
o Example: The book is on the table and the chair.
• Joining Clauses: Combine independent and dependent clauses to create
complex sentences.
o Example: She went to the store because she needed milk.
Importance of Conjunctions:
• Conjunctions are essential for creating complex and compound sentences,
which enhance writing style and clarity.
• They help in avoiding sentence fragments and run-on sentences by
establishing logical connections between ideas.
Examples of Usage:
1. Coordinating:
o I wanted to buy a new phone, but I didn’t have enough money.
o She studied hard, for she wanted to pass the exam.
2. Subordinating:
o When it started to rain, we went inside.
o You must leave early if you want to catch the bus.
3. Correlative:
o Both the manager and the team agreed on the new strategy.
o Neither the cat nor the dog went outside.
Common Mistakes:
• Confusing coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
• Using conjunctions that are not appropriately paired (especially with
correlative conjunctions).
• Omitting commas when necessary, especially in compound sentences.
Tips for Writing:
• Use a variety of conjunctions to improve the flow of your writing.
• Pay attention to the relationship between clauses to choose the appropriate
type of conjunction.
• Ensure clarity by not overloading sentences; use conjunctions judiciously.
