BIOMEDICAL

PERSPECTIVE GENDER
AND SEXUALITY
 Human experience various
physical and emotional changes
from childhood to adulthood.
these changes are gradual and
progress at different ages and
speed in different people. these
stages are based on human
growth and development from
childhood, adoloscence,
adulthood and old age.
 THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
The study of body stracture in relation to body
parts. the female sexual anatomy is designed
for the production and fertilization of ovium as
well as carrying and delivering infant offspring.
Puberty signals the final development of
primary and accessory organs the support
reproduction.
THE FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA CONSIST
OF THE FOLLOWING
Vulva - all the external genitals structures taken together.
Mons veneris - pads of fatty tissue between pubic bone
and skin.
labia majora- outer lips surrounding all the other
structures.
prepuce- clitoral hood ( foreskin above and covering
clitoris)
clitoris - glans ( head) shaft , and clura ( root ), the clitoris
is particularly sensitive to stimulation.
labia minora - inner lips surrounding the
vestibule wheres sweaet and oil glands ,
extensive blood vessels, and nerve endings are
located.
vestibule- areas surrounding the urethral opening
and vagina, which is highly sensitive with
extensive blood vessel and nerve ending.
urethral opening - end of tube connecting to
bladder and used for urination
vaginal opening- also called ( introitus)
perimium - area of skin seperating the genitalia
from the anus : distance is less in females than
males
FEMALE INTERNAL
REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
vagina - collapsible canal extending from vaginal opening
back and upward into body to cervix and uterus. During
arousal, it is engorged with blood. This aids its expansion
and triggers the release of lubricants from vaginal mucosa;
cervix - small end of uterus to which vagina leads. It is the
opening in cervix leading to interior of uterus; •
uterus - womb, organ within pelvic zone where fetus is
carried; •
fallopian tubes - carry egg cells from ovaries to uterus, this
is where fertilization occurs; and
ovaries - produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen
influences female sex characteristics and initiates
menstrual cycle. Progesterone aids in regulation of
menstrual cycle and promotes mature development of
uterine lining to allow for zygote implantation. Also
produce ova, egg cells, and bring them to maturity.
Puberty The menstrual cycle marks
the beginning of puberty in females.
The first episode occurs between il
to 15 years of age referred to as
menarche. Menstruation pertains to
the sloughing off of the uterine
lining if conception has not
occurred. It may last within two to
six days which follows a cycle
ranging from 24 to 42 days.
Regardless of the length of the cycle,
menstruation begins about 14 days
after ovulation (plus or minus one to
two days).
 Follicular Phase
Menstruation
When the pituitary gland
Lining of the uterus is
releases hormones that stimulate
shed, resulting in the
the growth and development of
release of blood and
4
5 6
7 ovarian follicles
tissue from the body 3 8
through the vagina 2 9

1 10

Stages of
28 11

27
the 12

26 Menstrual 13

25 Cycle 14

24 15

23 16
22 17
Luteal Phase 21
20 19
18 Ovulation Phase
Empty ovarian follicle becomes When a mature egg is
the corpus luteum, producing released from the ovary
hormones that prepare the uterus
and is ready for potential
for possible embryo implantation
fertilisation
Menstrual phase- This occurs if the ovum is not
fertilized and does not implant itself into the
uterine lining. The continued high levels of
estrogen and progesterone causes the pituitary to
stop releasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Proliferative phase- It occurs when the

hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to
release FSH that stimulates the ovaries to produce
estrogen and causes ova to mature in the ovarian
follicles. Endometrium is repaired, thickens, and
becomes well-vascularized in response to
increasing levels of estrogens.
Secretory phase- It occurs
when the pituitary gland
releases IH that causes the
ovary release a mature ovum
and causes the remaining
portion of the follicle to develop
into the corpus luteum.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MENSTRUATION INCLUDE:

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

180-95% of women experience),
Dysmenorrhea
Amenorrhea

At menopause (usually around age

45-50), a woman stops
menstruating as ova are no longer
brought to maturity.
FEMALE SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARACTERISTICS EMERGE AFTER PUBERTY:
1. widening of hips and pelvis -
accommodates giving birth, but also
results in downward shift in center of
gravity.
2. enlargement of breasts - at
puberty, both the glandular and fatty
tissues of the breasts develop
considerably. Differences in breast
size between women are primarily
due to differences in the amount of
fatty tissue. It is also not uncommon
for one of a woman's breasts to be
slightly larger than the other.
 THE BIOLOGICAL MALE
The male sexual anatomy is designed
for the production and delivery of
sperm for fertilization of the female's
ovum. Puberty signals the final
development of primary and
accessory organs that support
reproduction
THE MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA CONSIST
OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES
Prepuce - foreskin covering head of penis, removed in male circumcision;
Penis - glans (head), shaft, and root. The glans is particularly sensitive to stimulation.
Running the length of the penis is the urethra surrounded by the spongy body and
two cylindrical chambers known as the cavernous bodies. During arousal, these
become engorged with blood, resulting in erection;
Corona - rim of glans where it arises from shaft;
Frenulum - thin strip of skin connecting glans and shaft on underside of penis;
Scrotum - sac that encloses the two compartments housing the testes;
Urethral opening - found on head of penis this is the end of tube connected to
bladder and used for urination. It is also tube to which internal structures deliver
semen by which male ejaculates; and
Perineum - area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus, distance is greater in
males than females.
Frenulum - thin strip of skin connecting glans and shaft on underside of penis;
Scrotum - sac that encloses the two compartments housing the testes;
Urethral opening - found on head of penis this is the end of tube connected to
bladder and used for urination. It is also tube to which internal structures deliver
semen by which male ejaculates; and
Perineum - area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus, distance is greater
in males than females
 THE MALE INTERNAL
REPRODUCTIVE
• testes - produce
ORGANS
androgen, particularly large sigmoid colon

quantities of testosterone, bladder

pubic bone rectum
which greatly influence suspensory ligament of penis
seminal vesicle
puboprostatic ligament
male development and perineal membrane
ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
external urethral sphincter
drive sexual motivation; penis
cowper's gland
anus
also produce sperm cells in corpus
cavernosum vas deferens
virtually unlimited quantity glans penis
epididymis
foreskin
over the entire course of urethral
testis

opening scrotum
the lifespan;
 vas deferens - travels from testicle toward urethra
carrying sperm;
seminal vesicles - two glands that produce alkaline fluid
rich in fructose sugar. comprising some 70% of semen
volume. Alkaline nature may stimulate sperm n start self-
propulsion and sugar may provide sperm nutrients. Ducts
carry fluid and connect with vas deferens forming
ejaculatory ducts;
ejaculatory ducts - connect vas deferens to urethra;
prostate - gland producing alkaline secretions that
account for about 30% of semen volume. Alkaline nature
may help counteract otherwise, acidic environment of
urethra and vagina making them more hospitable for
sperm. Fluid passes through a series of ducts along wall of
urethra; and
urethra - tube within penis that carries sperm and semen
the rest of the way to the opening of the penis.
MORE MALE CHARACTERISTICS
generally taller and greater proportion of body
weight composed of water;
proportionately larger heart and lungs,
presumably to handle greater blood fluid
volume; •
exposure to greater levels of testosterone
resulting in heavier body and facial hair, but also
increased frequency and degree of baldness;
and
single X chromosome resulting in sex-linked
conditions such as colorblindness and
hemophilia.
 MALE HORMONES
The testosterone is the major male hormone
produced mainly by the testes, but there are other
glands called the adrenal glands that also
produce some testosterone. In case a man has lost
his testes, these glands would continue to
produce testosterone to support the male
physical appearance. Testosterone is responsible
for the growth and development of a boy during
adolescence and for the development of sperm
and secondary sexual characteristics.
MALE SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARACTERISTICS THAT EMERGE AFTER
PUBERTY:
no monthly cycle;
elongation of vocal
cords (lower voice);
broader shoulders;
and
deeper chest cavity.
 SUMMARY
Humans experience various physical changes from
childhood to adulthood. The adolescent stage is
characterized by dynamic changes in physical and
behavioral traits. Despite differences in physical
appearance, the sexual organs of men and women
arise from the same structures and fulfill similar
functions. Each person has a pair of gonads; ovaries
are female gonads; testes are the male gonads. The
gonads produce germ cells and sex hormones. The
female germ cells are ova (egg) and the male germ
cells are sperm. Ova and sperm are the basic units of
reproduction; their union can lead to the creation of a
new life.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING