NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHEDPUR
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Assignment- 2
B. Tech 5th Semester, Engineering and Computational Mechanics
Course Code: CM-1501 Course Title: Finite Element Methods
Course Faculty: Dr. Deepak Kumar Last Date of Submission: 27/09/2024
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Attempt ALL Questions. Write all parts of a question in continuation.
2. Submission after given date may reduction in marks.
3. Missing data, if any, may be assumed suitably.
Q1. Consider the bar shown in Fig.1 Cross-sectional area 𝐴2 =1 in2 , and Young modulus
𝐸 = 2.3 × 106 psi. If q1 = 0.05 in. and q1 = 0.06 in., Determine the following (by hand
calculation):
Figure 1
(a) the displacement at point P
(b) the strain 𝜖 and the stress 𝜎
(c) the element stiffness matrix, and
(d) the strain energy in the element.
Q2. A finite element solution using one-dimensional, two noded elements has been obtained for a rod
as shown in Fig 2.
Figure 2
Displacements are as follows: Q = [−0.4, 0, 0.8, −0.3]T mm, 𝐸 = 2 × 105 N/mm2,
Area of each element = 5 mm2 , L1−2 = 25mm, L2−3 = 50mm, L3−4 = 80mm.
(a) According to finite element theory, plot displacement 𝑢(𝑥) 𝑣𝑠. 𝑥.
(b) According to finite element theory, plot strain 𝜖(𝑥) 𝑣𝑠. 𝑥.
(c) Determine the B matrix for element 2-3.
(d) Determine the strain energy in element 1-2.
Q3. Answer concisely:
(a) Element stiffness matrices [k] are always nonsingular- true or false? Make your choice and justify.
1
(b) The strain energy in a structure, 𝑈 = 2 𝑄 𝑇 𝐾𝑄 is always > 0 for any Q, provided
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(Fill in the blanks.)
(c) A finite element model of a rod is given a displacement Q = [1,1, … ,1]𝑇 . The associated strain
1
energy 𝑈 = 2 𝑄 𝑇 𝐾𝑄 equals zero. What can you conclude regarding the stiffness matrix K?
(d) Consider a rod fixed at its ends, x=0 and x=1, respectively. It is axial displacement field
𝑢 = (𝑥 − 1)2 “kinematically admissible”?
Q4. Express the height h(x) in Fig.3 in terms of three unknown coefficients.
Figure 3
Q5. Consider a finite element with shape function 𝑁1 (𝜉) and 𝑁2 (𝜉) used to interpolate the
displacement field within the element (Fig.4).
Figure 4
Derive an expression for the strain displacement matrix B, where strain 𝜖 = Bq, in terms of 𝑁1 and
𝑁2 . (Do not assume any specific form for 𝑁1 or 𝑁2 ). (Note: q= [𝑞1 , 𝑞2 ]𝑇 )
Q6. Consider the bar shown in Fig.5. Determine the nodal displacements, element stresses, and
support reactions.
Figure 5
Q7. The rigid beam in Fig.6 was level before the load was applied. Find the stress in each vertical
member. (Hint: The boundary condition is of the multipoint constraint type.)
Figure 6
Q8. Determine the stress in the 4 in. long bar Fig.7, using the following models:
(a) One linear element.
(b) Two linear elements. (Note: x in, T kips/in.)
Figure 7
Q9. A two element finite element solution for a rod in Fig.8 has been obtained as
[1−𝜉]2 [1+𝜉]2
Q = [0, 0.5, 0.25]T mm. If the element shape functions used were 𝑁1 = 4
, 𝑁2 = 4
.
Evaluate the displacement u at the midpoint of element 1-2.
Figure 8
Q10. The one-dimensional rod shown in Fig.9 is subjected to a linearly varying body force 𝑓 = 𝑥.
Assume a displacement field as 𝑢 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 , and use the Rayleigh-Ritz method to find the
displacement field 𝑢(𝑥) and stress field 𝜎(𝑥). Hence compute the displacement at the tip, and plot
𝜎(𝑥) 𝑣𝑠 𝑥. Take E= 100, A=1, and L=1.
Figure 9
Q11. The structure in Fig.10 is subjected to an increase in temperature ∆𝑇 = 80°𝐶. Determine the
displacements, stresses, and support reactions. Solve this problem by hand calculation, using the
elimination method for handling boundary conditions.
Figure 10
