i | COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICay ‘ Zero correction = + 0.05 em of Actual length will be 0,05 em more than the observed (measured) length, EXPERIMENT 1 |) OBJECTIVE To measure diameter of a small spherical/eylindrical body, using ver pers. APPARATUS Vernier callipers, a spherical body (pendulum bob) or a eylinder. THEORY Hf with the body between the jaws, the = of vernier scale lies ahead of Nth main seale, then main scale reading (M.S.R,) = If nth division of yernier scale mee with any division of main scale, then ve seale reading (VS.R.) re =nx(LC) (LC. is least count of vernier callipers) =nx(V.C.) (VC. is vernier constant of vernier ca ‘Total reading, TR. = MSR. + VSR. =N+nx (VG). DIAGRAM (Fig. 2.09) Sphere Fig. 2.09. Vernier callipers—Measuring diameter of a sphere, PROCEDURE (Stepwise) ae 1. Determine the vernier constant (VC.) ie. least count (L.C.) of the vernier callipers record it stepwise. 2, Bring the moyable jaw BD in close contact. with the fixed jaw AC and find the error. Do it three times and record them. If there is no zero error, then. error nil’.ENT OF LENGTH 31 . Open the jaws, place the sphere or cylinder between the two jaws A and B and adjust the jaw DB, such that it gently grips the body without any undue pressure on it. Tight the screw S attached to the vernier scale V. Note the position of the zero mark of the vernier scale on the main scale. Record the main scale reading just before the zero mark of the vernier scale. This reading (N) is called main scale reading (M.S.R.). . Note the number (n) of the vernier scale division which coincides with some division of the main scale. . Repeat steps 4 and 5 after rotating the body by 90° for measuring the diameter in a perpendicular direction (Fig. 2.10). Fig. 2.10. Measuring diameter in perpendicular directions. Mean diameter ABSED, 7. Repeat steps 3, 4, 5 and 6 for three different positions. Record the observations in each set in a tabular form. 8, Find total reading and apply zero correction, 9, Take mean of different values of diameter and show that in the result with proper unit. SERVATIONS 1. Determination of Vernier Constant (Least Count) of the Vernier Callipers 1MS.D.=1mm 10 V.S.D.=9 M.S.D. 9 1V.S.D. 70 MS.D. = 0.9 mm. Vernier Constant, V.C. = 1 M.S.D. - 1 V.S.D. = (1 - 0.9) mm = 0.1 mm = 0,01 cm. 2. Zero error (i)......cm, (Wi) Mean zero error (e) = cm. cm, (iii) cm. Mean zero correction (c) = — eCOMPREHENSIVE PRA (ay @AOB 1 ® oO @AOB 2 ® © (@AoB 3 0) oO | CALCULATIONS Mean corrected diameter D = Pla) + N)+ Dla) + Da(b) + Dy(a) + Ds) 6 RESULT The diameter of the given sphere/cylinder is PRECAUTIONS (to be taken) em. z 2 5. The body should be gripped between the jaws Sure on it from the jaws), 4, Observations shou different places. Idbe taken atright ‘angles at one place and taken at least as three SOURCES OF ERROR % he vernier acale may be loose on:inain ecgle a 2. The jaws may not be at right angles to the main seale.