1718˛¬ ÿm-]n-X-am-b- sk‚ v B‚-Wo-kv s^m-

tdm\ tZ-hme-bw A-Xn-cq-]-X-bn-se X-s∂b√, C-

¥y-bn-se X-s∂ hen-sbm-cp C-S-h-I-bmWv. Cu tZ-
hm-eb-sØ a-‰v ssZ-hm-e-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hy-Xy-
kv-X-am-°p∂Xv Cu tZ-hm-e-b-Øn-s‚ a-t\m-l-mcn-
X-bmWv. G-h-cp-sSbpw lr-Zb-sØ B-I¿-jn-°p-
hm≥ X-c-Øn-ep-≈-XmWv Cu -tZ-hm-e-b-Øn-se Nn-
{X-tc-J-Ifpw sIm-Øp-]-Wn-I-fpw, Xq-WpIƒ, cq-
]߃, Zo-]kv-Xw-`-߃, am-tΩmZok sXm´n, l-
∂m≥ sh-≈-sXm-´nIƒ, tKm-]p-c-߃, 1973˛¬ ]-
Wn-Xo¿-Ø am-fn-I, a-Zp-_-l-bn-sebpw ]-≈n-®p-a-
cp-I-fn-se ap-gp-h≥ Nn-{X-∏-Wn-Iƒ, C-sX√mw "Nn-
∂-tdm-abpsS' a-t\m-lmcn-X hn-fn-t®m-Xp-∂-h-bmWv.

Nn-∂-tdma
H√q¿ C-S-h-I-bn¬ 3000 Øn-\p ap-I-fn¬ Ip-Spw-
_-ßf - pv, Xr-iq¿ A-Xn-cq-]X
- ÿm-]n-Xa
- m-bX
- n-\p ti-
jw 1923 ¬ B-Zy-am-bn {]-Jym]n-°-s∏´ 4 s^m-
tdm-\ ]-≈n-Ifn-sem-∂m-WnXv. tI-c-f I-tØm-en-
°mk-`-bp-sS N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ ]-e kp-{][m-\ Xo-cp-
am-\-߃-°v h-gn sX-fn-®n-´p-≈ C-S-h-I-bm-WnXv.
AXp-sIm≠-v Iq-Sn-bm-Wv H√q¿ "Nn-∂-tdm-a" F-∂-
dn-b-s∏-Sm≥ Im-c-W-am-bXv.
am-em-Jbp-sS Xn-cp-\mƒ
1837 ap-X¬ H√q¿ C-S-h-I-bn-se d-mt^¬ \m-a-
[m-cn-Ifm-b G-Xm-\pw t]¿ Iq-Sn-t®¿-∂v h¿jw-
tXmdpw H-tŒm-_¿ 23, 24 Xn-ø-Xn-I-fn¬ BtLm-
jn-°p-hm≥ Xp-Sßn-. t\¿-®`-£W - hn-Xc - W
- hpw Xn-
cp-\mƒ I-gn-°epw A-∂pw C∂pw h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw
{]-kn-≤-amWv. ]-e ta-J-e-I-fn¬ \n-∂p-≈ h-f-sb-
gp-∂-≈n-∏v 1960 ap-X-em-Wv B-cw-`n-®Xv. h-f F-gp-∂-
≈n-∏v hn. d-∏m-tb¬ am-em-J-bp-sS Xn-cp-\m-fns‚
{][m-\ B-tLm-jß - f- n¬ H-∂m-bn am-dn-bn-cn-°p∂p.
A-¤p-X-ao≥ k-a-¿-∏Ww
h¿-j-߃ ]n-d-In-te-°p Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ Cu
Xn-cp-\m-fn-\v G-sd-°p-td am-‰-߃ h-∂-Xm-bn Im-
Wm≥ I-gn-bpw. F-∂m¬ A¤p-X {]-h¿-Ø-I\m-
b hn-ip-≤ d-∏m-tb¬ am-em-J-bp-sS km-∂n-≤yw C-
∂pw \-Ωt- fm-sSm-∏w am-bm-sX \n-e\
- n¬-°p∂p. tXm-
_n-bm-kn-s‚ Ip-Spw_-sØ B-]-Øn¬ \n-∂pw c-
£n-® hn-ip-≤ d-∏m-tb¬ amem-J \-Ωp-sS h-gn-I-
fnepw Iq-´m-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p∂p. A¤p-X "ao≥ k-
a¿-∏-Ww" 1984 ¬ B-Wv B-cw-`n-®Xv. a-’y-Øn-s‚
N¶pw I-cfpw I-bv-]-bp-sa-Sp-Øv tXm-_n-Øn-s‚
I-Æp-Iƒ ku-Jy-am-°n-bXp-t]m-se H-´-\h-[n
4
a-\p-jy-sc tcm-K-]o-V-I-fn¬-\n∂pw hn-ip-≤ d-∏m-tb¬ sS h-gn-I-fn¬ Xmßpw X-W-ep-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\v \-sΩ i--
amem-J kp-Js - ∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-nc
- n-°p∂p. bm-{X-bn¬ Iq´m- {Xp-I-fn¬-\n∂pw c-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \-Ωp-sS h-gnI-sf
b amem-J hn-]¬-L-´-ß-fn¬ F∂pw k-lm-bn®p-sIm- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\pw am-em-J-bpsS A\p{Klw, "Zm-
≠n-cn-°p∂p. hn-hm-l-{]m-b-sa-Øn-bn´pw hn-hm-lw \-S- k≥˛ Zmkn" k-a¿∏-Ww h-gn e-`n-°p-sa-∂v hn-iz-kn-
°m-Ø-h¿-°v am-em-J-bp-sS am-≤y-ÿ-Øm¬ [m-cm-fw ®p-h-cp∂p.
t]¿-°v aw-K-ey-ku-`mKyw \¬-In am-em-Jm A-\p-{K- \r-Ø-kwKo-X A-c-t߉w
ln-®p sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. k-¥m-\-ku-`m-Ky-an√m-Ø-h¿- hn-ip-≤ d-∏m-tb¬ amem-J h-gn e-`n®p-sIm-n-cn-°p-
°v k-¥m-\-߃ \¬-In amem-J A-\p-{K-ln-°p∂p. ∂ A-\p-{K-lß - ƒ-°v \-μn A¿-∏n®p-sIm-mW - v {In-kvXo-
km-ºØn-I _p-≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿-°v b B-Nmc-ß-tfm-Sp Iq-Sn \r-Ø kwKo-X A-c-tß-‰w
amem-J h-gn ]-cn-lm-cw e-`n®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. in-Yn- h-gn hn-izm-knI-sf amem-J h-gn ssZ-h-Øn-¶-te-°v Iq-
e-am-bn sIm≠-n-cn-°p-∂ Ip-Spw-_- _-‘ß-sf amem- Sp-X¬ A-Sp-∏n-°p∂p. kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ hn-cn-am-dn-te-°v
J Iq-´n-bn-W-°p∂p. A-t\-I-sc -am-Sn hn-fn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv ssZhw. ssZ-h-kv-
Zm-k≥ ˛ Zmkn hm-gn°¬ t\-lØ - ns‚ Hm-tcm Xp-≈nbpw \mw A-\p-`h - n-®d
- n-bp∂-
2013 ¬ B-cw-`n-® "Zmk≥˛ Zmkn" hm-gn-°¬ hn- Xv Aƒ-Øm-c-bn-se Xn-cp-_-en-bn-emWv. hn-ip-≤ d-∏m-
izm-knIsf "am-em-J" h-gn ssZ-h-Øn-¶-te-°p A-Sp-∏n- tb¬ am-em-J-bp-sS kw-c-£-W-Øn¬ A-t\-Iw a-°ƒ-
°p∂p. h¿-jw tXmdpw am-em-J-bp-sS Xn-cp-\m-fn-\v X- °v ssZ-h-kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ A-\p`-hw ]-I-cp-∂p. 185˛mw
teZn-h-kw (22˛mw Xn-øXn) D-®-I-gn-™v 4 a-Wn-°p-≈ Xn-cp-\mƒ Iq-Sp-X¬ B-Vw-_-c-tØm-Spw, {]uVn-
B-tLm-jam-b Zn-hy-_-en-bn¬ h-®mWv "Zm-k≥ ˛ tbmSpw Iq-sS B-tLm-jn-°p-hm≥ \-ap-°v km-[n°-
Zmkn" k-a¿-∏-W-Øn-s‚ ip-{iq-j \-S-°p-∂Xv. \-Ωp- s´ F∂pw {]m¿-∞n-°mw.



2007-˛08 2011˛12 2015-˛16 2018-˛19
tkhy¿ Im´q-°m-c≥ sdbv\n samb-e≥ tPmbv s]cn-t©cn tSmWn I√q-°m-c≥
kÆn H√q-°m-c≥ {^mt¶m I≈n-bØv {^mt¶m I≈n-bØv tPmk^v Imc-°S
jmPp ]mtey-°c tdmbv s]mt¥-°≥ s_∂n Noc-°pgn tPmkv D{Im≥
t]mfn ]ø-∏n≈n kt\mPv Im´q-°m-c≥ tUhn ]Sn-°e sPbvk¨ Xøm-e-°¬
2008-˛09 2012-˛13 2016-˛17 2019˛20
t__n aq°≥ tZhkn B‰-Ød kn Un eqbokv C.-sP.B‚Wn Fep-h-Øn-¶¬
tPmkv IqØq¿ tUhnkv sIm≈-∂q¿ PnΩn A∏m-S≥ Fw.-]n. tXmakv tat®cn
tSmWn- G-t\m-°m-c≥ tUhnkv Np¶Øv tPmPp \oe-¶m-hn¬ B‚Wn Fcn-t™cn
hn≥k¨ A°c tPmbv sh≈n tXmakv Iqf ent‰m tUhnkv
2009-˛10 2013-˛14 2017-˛18 2020-˛21
tPm¨ ]mtey-°c tPmbv ]mtey-°c tPmk^v amtdm°n kn. Sn. d∏mbn
Nm°pÆn ]Sn-°e tUhnkv sIm≈-∂q¿ tPm¨k¨ Ipcp-Xp-Ipfßc tPmkv s\√n-t»cn
tPm_n sNdp-h-Øq¿ jmPp ]Sn-°e PmIvk¨ A°c tPmkv tIm\n-°c
t]mƒ hmg-°me kmwk¨ Fcn-t™cn kn. ]n. d∏mbn jmPp ]Sn-°e
2010-˛11 2014-˛15
sPbv°_v Ip‰n-°mSv tSmWn I√q-°m-c≥
tPmkv Gt\m-°m-c≥ B‚Wn Fcn-t™cn
AUz. tUhokv t]mƒ tPmkv D{Im≥
dm^n IShn B‚Wn s]cp-am-S≥

5
6
\{ºv t]cv CS-hI `c-W-Imew
1. dh. ^m. atcm-´n-°¬ ]utemkv 1718
2. '' Gdp-¶m-c≥ Koh-dp-Kokv Ac-Wm-´p-Ic 1821-˛1828
3. '' ]mdbv° At¥mWn ]g-bqcv 1828-˛1832
4. '' sImf-ßm´p NpΩm¿ sImt´-°mSv 1832-˛1836
5. '' Ip≠p-Ip-f-ßc ina-Hm≥ ]d-∏q¿ 1836-˛1841
6. '' Nn‰n-e-∏n≈n Ctømhv ]d-∏q¿ 1841-˛1842
7. '' Ad-ßm-t»cn tXma ]d-∏q¿ 1842-˛1844
8. '' ]d-º≥ Koh-dp-Kokv Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿ 1844-˛1847
9. '' ]n°nWn hmdpÆn ]≈p-cpØn 1847-˛1852
10. '' I√-d-bv°¬ ]utemkv h√Ø 1852-˛1855
11. '' ]p®q-S≥ Koh-dp-Kokv A¶-amen 1855-˛1857
12. '' I√-d-bv°¬ ]utemkv h√Ø 1857-˛1860
13. '' ]√n-t»cn ]utemkv H√q¿ 1860-˛1862
14. '' IpSp-°-{i aØmbn ]mem 1862-˛1864
15. '' Im´q-°m-c≥ C·m-kn-bqkv H√q¿ 1864-˛1865
16. '' Ipgp-then kvIdnb ]mem 1865-˛1866
17. '' ]\-©nbv° Hutk∏v Ipd-he- ß
- mSv 1866-˛1867
18. '' ]≈n-{]Øp Koh-dp-Kokv ss]ßpfw 1866-˛1867
19. '' sImS-°{i aØmbn ]mem 1867-˛1868
20. '' B‰-Ød Hutk∏v theq¿ 1868-˛1869
21. '' ]√m´v am≠n B\-°√v 1869-˛1870
22. '' ap≠-a-‰Øv tXma Cucm-‰p-]pg 1870-˛1872
23. '' sImSp-]m-SØv I.-Zn.-ap.-k. amØp ]pfn-¶p∂v 1872-˛1873
24. '' ]ø-∏p≈n Koh-dpKokv tKmXp-cpØn 1873-˛1874
25. '' shSp-a´ A¬t^m≥kv Nß-\m-t»cn 1873-˛1874
26. '' ]ø-∏n≈n Hutk∏v AI-∏-dºv 1873-˛1874
27. '' sImSp-]m-SØvI.-Zn.-ap.-k. amØp ]pfn-¶p∂v 1874-˛1875
7
28. '' ssIXm-cØv ]utemkv ]pØw-]≈n 1875-˛1879
29. '' hen-b-ho-´n¬ kvIdnb Acn-b{X 1879-˛1880
30. '' ]pØ≥]p-c-bv°¬ Hutk∏v ]mem 1880-˛1882
31. '' amWn-bv°-\m-º-d-ºn¬ tbml-∂m≥ sX°≥]-d-hq¿ 1882-˛1885
32. '' amtfy-°¬ ]utemkv Rmd-bv°¬ 1885-˛1886
33. '' NndbØv tIm\n-°c {]mwkn-kvtImkv ]pXp-°mSv 1886-˛1887
34. '' ]pXn-t»cn ]utemkv ]pØw-]≈n 1887-˛1888
35. '' amºp≈n Koh-dp-Kokv Rmd-bv°¬ 1888-˛1890
36. '' Be-∏m´v {]mwkn-kvtImkv FS-Øp-cpØn 1890-˛1902
37. '' Nnd-Ω¬ H√q-°m-c≥ amØp a‰w 1902-˛1904
38. '' ]pfn-bv°¬ entbm-t∏mƒZv ]pXp-°mSv 1904-˛1909
39. '' sX°n-\n-bØv fqhokv FS-Øp-cp-Øn 1910-˛1916
40. '' Ccn-º≥ butk^v ]qh-Øp-t»cn 1916-˛1923
41. '' amtfy-°¬ butk^v ]pØ≥Nnd 1923-˛1937
42. '' Nnd-bØv butk^v ac-Øm-°c 1937-˛1942
43. tam¨ t]mƒ Im°-t»cn 10.01.42-˛15.05.55
44. dh. ^m. B‚Wn amfn-tb-°¬ 16.05.55-˛05.10.59
45. dh. ^m. tPmk^v tXm´p-߬ 06.10.59-˛08.04.61
46. dh. ^m. tPm¨ Nnd-bØv 09.04.61˛24.05.65
47. dh. ^m. A{_lmw Ing-°q-S≥ 25.05.65˛17.05.68
48. dh. ^m. B‚Wn sX°n-\n-bØv 18.05.68˛26.02.72
49. dh. ^m. tPmk^v Ing-°pw-Xe 27.02.72˛23.0376
50. dh. ^m. tPm¿÷v Nn‰n-e-∏n≈n 24.0376˛29.09.78
51. dh. ^m. kndn-bIv a≠pw-ºme 30.09.78˛28.01.82
52. dh. ^m. tPmk^v Im°-t»cn 29.01.82˛18.03.88
53. dh. ^m. tPmk^v ]pfn-°≥ 19.03.88˛05.02.91
54. dh. ^m. dmt^¬ Nn‰n-e-∏n≈n 06.02.91˛12.01.95
55. dh. ^m. tPm¨ sNΩ-Æq¿ 13.01.95˛19.01.98
56. dh. ^m. t]mƒ ]ø-∏n≈n 19.01.98-˛04.02.04
57. dh. ^m. tPm¿÷v FS-°-f-Øq¿ 04.02.04˛06.02.08
58. dh. ^m. B‚Wn tat®cn 06.02.08˛09.02.11
59. dh. ^m. tXmakv hSt°-Øe 09.02.11˛31.12.11
60. dh. ^m. jmP≥ tX¿aTw 01.01.12-˛30.03.12
61. dh. ^m. tPm¿÷v tImºmd 31.03.12-˛05.02.14
62. dh. ^m. tPmk^v (t\m-_n) Aºq-°≥ 05.02.14-˛03.02.16
63. dh. ^m. tPm¨ Aø-¶m-\-bn¬ 03.02.16---˛30.05.18
64. dh. ^m. tPmkv tIm\n-°c (Jr.) 30.05.18