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Training Module 1.0

Securities Market

Share Market Kya Hai:

Share market ek aisa jagah hai jahan companies ke shares (hisse) kharida ya becha ja sakta hai.
Jab aap kisi company ke share kharidte hain, toh aap uss company ka hissa lete hain.

Shares Kaise Kaam Karte Hain:

Jab aap kisi company ke shares kharidte hain, aap uss company ke malik ka ek chhota hissa ban
jaate hain. Agar woh company acchi tarah se chal rahi hai, toh uske shares ki keemat badhti hai
aur aapko profit hota hai. Lekin agar company mein koi problem aati hai, toh share ki keemat
ghat sakti hai aur aapko nuksan ho sakta hai.

Bulls aur Bears:

Share market mein logon ko aksar "bulls" aur "bears" kehte hain. Bulls woh log hote hain jo
sochte hain ki market mein rate badhne wale hain, aur unka aim hota hai shares ko buy karke
future mein bechne ka. Bears woh log hote hain jo market mein giravat ki or believe karte hain,
aur unka aim hota hai shares ko sasta karke future mein kharidne ka.

Stock Exchange:
Shares ko kharidne aur bechne ke liye ek platform hota hai, jise stock exchange kehte hain. India
mein popular stock exchanges hain BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) aur NSE (National Stock
Exchange). Yeh exchanges share market ko regulate karte hain.

Indices (BSE Sensex, NSE Nifty):

BSE Sensex aur NSE Nifty India ke do pramukh stock market indices hain. Inmein kuch top
companies ke shares ka average diya jata hai, jisse market ka overall performance measure hota
hai.

Investment Tips:

Research karein: Kabhi bhi shares kharidne se pehle company aur market ki acchi tarah se
research karein.

Diversify karein: Apna investment alag-alag companies mein spread karein taki risk kam ho.

Long-term thinking: Shares mein long-term ke liye invest karna zyada behtar hota hai.
Yeh kuch basic concepts hain. Share market mein invest karne se pehle, acche se samajhna
important hai.

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Calculation

Fayda aur nuksan ko calculate karne ke liye, aapko kuch basic formulas aur concepts samajhne
padenge. Chaliye ek example ke saath samjhe:

1. Fayda (Profit) Calculation:

Fayda ko calculate karne ke liye, aapko pehle samajhna hoga ke aapne ek share kitne price par
khareeda aur kitne price par becha.

Fayda = (Beche Gaye Price - Khareede Gaye Price) * Number of Shares

Example: Aapne ek company ke 10 shares khareede hain ₹100 per share par aur baad mein
unhe ₹120 par share bech diya. Toh aapka fayda hoga:

Fayda = (₹120 - ₹100) * 10 = ₹200

Isme aapka fayda ₹200 hua.

2. Nuksan (Loss) Calculation:

Nuksan ko calculate karne ke liye bhi aapko same formula use karna hoga.

Nuksan = (Khareede Gaye Price - Beche Gaye Price) * Number of Shares

Example: Agar aapne wohi 10 shares ₹120 per share par khareede the aur baad mein unhe
₹100 par share par bech diya, toh aapka nuksan hoga:

Nuksan = (₹100 - ₹120) * 10 = -₹200

Isme aapka nuksan ₹200 hua, lekin kyunki nuksan hota hai, isliye yeh value negative hogi.

3. Return on Investment (ROI) Calculation:

Return on Investment (ROI) batata hai ki aapke invest kiye gaye paise mein kitna profit ya
nuksan hua hai.

ROI = ((Fayda ya Nuksan) / Kharch Kiya Gaya Amount) * 100

Example: Agar aapne total ₹1000 kharch kiye the shares khareedne aur aapka fayda ₹200
hua, toh ROI hoga:

ROI = (₹200 / ₹1000) * 100 = 20%

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Yeh batayega ki aapke invest kiye gaye paise mein 20% profit hua.

Share price live kaha par dekhna hai –

Indian share market ke live prices aap multiple platforms par dekh sakte hain. Yahan kuch
popular sources hain:
1. Stock Brokerage Websites:
 Agar aap kisi stock brokerage firm ke customer hain, toh unki official website ya
trading platform par live share prices milte hain.
2. Stock Market Apps:
 Kai stock market apps available hain jinhe aap apne smartphone par install karke
use kar sakte hain. Example ke liye, Moneycontrol, ET Markets, Zerodha Kite,
Upstox, etc.
3. Financial News Websites:
 Financial news websites jaise ki Moneycontrol, Economic Times, Bloomberg
Quint, etc., bhi live stock prices provide karte hain.
4. Stock Exchanges Websites:
 BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) aur NSE (National Stock Exchange) ki official
websites par bhi live stock prices milte hain.
5. Google Finance:
 Google Finance ek online platform hai jahan aap live stock prices, market news,
aur related information dekh sakte hain.
6. TV Channels:
 Business news channels jaise ki CNBC, ET Now, Bloomberg, inme bhi live stock
prices milte hain.
7. Stock Market Widgets:
 Aap apne computer ya smartphone ke home screen par stock market widgets
add karke bhi live prices dekh sakte hain.
Dhyan rahe ki live stock prices har kuch seconds ya minutes mein change hote hain, isliye
regularly update karte rahna important hai.

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Stock Future Ya Derivative Market -

Stock Futures ek financial instrument hai jo future mein kisi particular stock ka kharid ya bechne
ka contract hai. Yeh ek tarah ka derivative instrument hai, jo ki underlying stock par based hota
hai. Chaliye isse asaan bhasha mein samjhe:

**1. Derivative Instrument: Stock Futures ek tarah ka derivative instrument hai, jo ki ek asal
stock ya index ke value se derive hota hai. Yeh future contract hota hai, jisme aap commitment
karte hain ki aap future mein kisi specific stock ko ek agreed price par kharidenge ya bechenge.

**2. Buy aur Sell: Aap Stock Futures mein do tarah ke positions le sakte hain - "Buy" aur "Sell".
 Agar aap "Buy" karte hain, toh aap future mein us stock ko higher price par kharidne ka
commitment karte hain.
 Agar aap "Sell" karte hain, toh aap future mein us stock ko lower price par bechne ka
commitment karte hain.

**3. Margin Trading: Stock Futures mein aapko poora stock ka paisa upfront pay karne ki
zarurat nahi hoti. Aapko sirf ek small percentage, jo ki margin hoti hai, deni hoti hai. Isse aapko
leverage milta hai, lekin yeh risky bhi ho sakta hai.

**4. Hedging: Traders Stock Futures ka use apne existing stock portfolio ko protect karne ke liye
bhi karte hain. Yeh unko market ke fluctuations se bachane mein madad karta hai.

**5. Expiration Date: Stock Futures contracts ka ek expiration date hota hai. Is date tak aapko
apne commitment ko pura karna hota hai, ya phir aap use roll-over kar sakte hain (naye
expiration date ke liye extend kar sakte hain).

Example: Maan lijiye aap sochte hain ki ek certain stock, jise aapne "X" naam diya hai, ki price
badhegi. Toh aap Stock Futures mein "Buy" position le sakte hain. Agar aap sahi hote hain aur
future mein "X" ka price badhta hai, toh aap profit kama sakte hain. Lekin agar aap galat hote
hain aur price ghat jati hai, toh aapko loss ho sakta hai.
Stock Futures mein trading karte waqt, risk ka dhyan rakhna important hai. Aapko market trends
ko samajhna aur sahi samay par decisions lena chahiye.

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Lot size

Stock Futures me "lot size" ek fixed quantity of shares ko represent karta hai, jo aap ek single
futures contract ke through khareed ya bech sakte hain. Yeh ek standardized quantity hoti hai, jo
exchange dwara decide ki jaati hai. Isse sabhi traders ke liye ek consistent trading unit banta hai.
Chaliye isse samajhne ke liye ek example dekhe aur lot size calculate karein.

Example:
Maan lijiye ki ek company ke stock ka lot size 100 hai. Agar aapne ek Stock Futures contract
kharida aur us stock ka lot size 100 hai, toh aapne essentially 100 shares ka contract khareeda
hai.

Calculation:
Lot Size * Number of Contracts = Total Shares Traded

Suppose, aapne 2 Stock Futures contracts khareede hain, toh total shares traded honge:

Lot Size * Number of Contracts = 100 * 2 = 200 shares

Iska matlab hai ki aapne 200 shares ka futures contract khareeda hai.

Market Value Calculation:

Market Value of the contract calculate karne ke liye aapko ab current stock price ka pata hona
chahiye. Maan lijiye, current stock price ₹150 hai.

Market Value = Lot Size * Current Stock Price

Market Value = 200 * ₹150 = ₹30,000

Yeh batata hai ki aapke 2 contracts ka market value ₹30,000 hai, lekin aapne iske liye sirf margin
pay kiya hoga, jo exchange aur broker dwara decide kiya gaya hai.

Lot size ko samajh kar aap ye determine kar sakte hain ki aapko kitne shares ka futures contract
kharidna ya bechna hoga aur isse aapko trading positions ke manage karne mein madad milti
hai.

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Stock Option -

Stock Options ek financial instrument hain jo stock market mein trade kiye jaate hain. Ye ek
tarah ke derivatives hote hain, jo underlying stock (moolyaankan stock) par based hote hain.
Chaliye isse asaan bhasha mein samjhe:

1. Option Kya Hota Hai: Option ek aisa contract hai jisme ek party (buyer) dusri party (seller) se
agreement karta hai ki woh ek specific samay tak ya specific price par ek stock ko khareedne ya
bechne ka adhikar rakhega. Iske liye buyer seller ko ek premium pay karta hai.

2. Call Option aur Put Option:

 Call Option: Agar aap ek stock ke price badhega mante hain, toh aap call option
khareed sakte hain. Is option ke through aap future mein agreed price par stock khareed
sakte hain.
 Put Option: Agar aap ek stock ke price ghatne ka mante hain, toh aap put option
khareed sakte hain. Is option ke through aap future mein agreed price par stock bech
sakte hain.

3. Premium: Option khareedne ke liye, aapko ek premium pay karna padta hai. Yeh premium
option ke moolyaankan ko lene wale (seller) ko milta hai. Premium ka amount option ke factors
par depend karta hai, jaise ki stock ka current price, volatility, aur expiration date.

4. Expiration Date: Har option ka ek expiration date hota hai, jiska matlab hai ki option ke
adhikar ko execute karna ya expire kar dena padta hai us date tak. Expiration ke baad, option
khatam ho jata hai.

5. In-the-Money, At-the-Money, Out-of-the-Money:

 In-the-Money (ITM): Jab stock price option ke strike price se jyada hoti hai (call option
ke case mein) ya kam hoti hai (put option ke case mein), toh option "in-the-money" hota
hai.
 At-the-Money (ATM): Jab stock price option ke strike price ke barabar hoti hai, toh
option "at-the-money" hota hai.
 Out-of-the-Money (OTM): Jab stock price option ke strike price se kam hoti hai (call
option ke case mein) ya jyada hoti hai (put option ke case mein), toh option "out-of-the-

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money" hota hai.

6. Option Trading Strategies: Traders various option trading strategies ka use karte hain jisme
multiple options ko combine kiya jata hai taki risk manage kiya ja sake aur profit banaya ja sake.
Stock Options trading me risk hota hai, isliye beginners ko samajhne ke liye thoda time lag sakta
hai. Sahi samay par sahi decision lena aur market trends ko samajhna important hai.

Profit Loss Calculation -

Chaliye ek example ke through samjhe ki Indian stock options se kaise fayda aur nuksan ho
sakta hai.
Example: Maan lijiye aapne ek IT company ke stock "XYZ Ltd." ka call option khareeda hai. Iss
option ka strike price (tay kiya gaya kharidne ka price) ₹150 hai aur aapne iske liye premium ₹5
pay kiya hai. Iss option ka expiration date ek mahine baad hai.

Scenario 1: Stock Price Increases (Fayda): Agar stock price badhta hai aur option expiration
date tak ₹180 ho jaata hai, toh aapko fayda hoga. Aapne option mein ₹150 ka right purchase
kiya tha, lekin market mein stock ₹180 par hai. Is case mein aap option ko exercise karke stock
ko ₹150 par khareed kar market price par ₹180 par bech sakte hain.

Calculation: Fayda = (Current Premium - Premium Paid)=(₹10 -₹5) = ₹5 per share

Total Profit for 1 Option Contract (100 shares): Total Profit = ₹5 * 100 = ₹500

Scenario 2: Stock Price Decreases (Nuksan): Lekin agar stock price ghat jaata hai aur
expiration date tak ₹140 ho jaata hai, toh aapko nuksan hoga. Aapne option ke liye ₹150 ka
right purchase kiya tha, lekin market mein stock ₹140 par hai. Iss case mein aap option ko
exercise nahi karenge, kyun ki aap market se sasta stock ₹150 par purchase nahi karna
chahenge.
Calculation: Nuksan =Current Premium - Premium Paid = ₹4-₹5 = -₹1
Total Loss for 1 Option Contract (100 shares): Total Loss = ₹1 * 100 = ₹100

Important Points to Remember:

 Option trading mein aap sirf premium amount pay karte hain, lekin potential fayda ya
nuksan underlying stock price ke fluctuations par depend karta hai.
 Options ka trading speculative hota hai aur risk bhara hota hai. Market trends ko
samajhna aur sahi samay par decisions lena important hai.
 Options trading ke liye proper research karna aur risk management strategies use karna
important hai.
Yeh example dikhata hai ki stock options ke through aap fayda ya nuksan utha sakte hain, lekin
yeh risky bhi ho sakta hai. Isliye, options trading mein shuruaat karne se pehle acche se
samajhna aur seekhna important hai.

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FnO Expiry

Indian stock futures aur stock options ke expiry dates predefined hoti hain aur inka schedule
clear hota hai. Stock futures aur options contracts ke expiry dates ko exchange decide karta hai
aur yeh market participants ko advance mein pata chal jata hai. Yeh dates har month mein fix
hoti hain.

1. Stock Futures Expiry: Stock futures contracts ka expiry har month mein hota hai. Usually,
stock futures contracts ke expiry dates market ke exchange (BSE - Bombay Stock Exchange aur
NSE - National Stock Exchange) decide karta hai. Expiry dates har month ke last Thursday ko
hoti hain, lekin agar last Thursday ko market holiday hota hai toh expiry date preponed ya
postponed ki ja sakti hai.

2. Stock Options Expiry: Stock options contracts ke bhi expiry dates fix hoti hain aur exchange
inko decide karta hai. Stock options ke expiry dates bhi har month ke last Thursday ko hoti hain,
lekin agar last Thursday ko market holiday hota hai toh expiry date adjust ki ja sakti hai.
Yeh expiry dates trading calendar ke part hote hain, aur traders ko in dates ka dhyan rakhna
important hai kyunki expiry ke din positions automatically settle ho jaati hain. Expiry ke din,
traders ko apne open positions ko close karna hota hai ya phir unhe roll-over karna hota hai,
agar woh future months ke contracts mein interested hain.
Yadi aap specific expiry dates ke liye jaankari chahte hain, toh aap exchange ke official website
ya apne broker se contact karke current expiry dates ka pata laga sakte hain, kyun ki yeh dates
time to time update hoti rehti hain.

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Index Future

Indian Index Futures market ka matalab hota hai ki aap ek nishchit index ki future trading kar
rahe hain. Yeh market India ke pramukh stock indices jaise ki Nifty aur Sensex par adharit hota
hai. Chaliye ise asaan bhasha mein samjhe:
1. Index Kya Hota Hai: Index ek aisa measure hota hai jo stock market ka overall performance
batata hai. India mein pramukh do indices hain - Nifty jo National Stock Exchange (NSE) par
based hai, aur Sensex jo Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) par based hai. In indices mein kuch top
companies ke stocks ka average diya jata hai.
2. Index Futures Kya Hote Hain: Index Futures ka matlab hota hai ki aap ek future date par ek
index ka contract le rahe hain. Aap soch rahe hain ki future mein index badhega ya ghathega aur
uske hisab se trading kar rahe hain.
3. Trading Mechanism: Index Futures trading ka process kuch is tarah se hota hai:
 Aap decide karte hain ki aap kis index ke liye future contract lena chahte hain, jaise ki
Nifty ya Sensex.
 Fir aap decide karte hain ki aap future mein index ko kharidna chahte hain (Long
Position) ya bechna chahte hain (Short Position).
 Aapko ek specific expiration date aur price (jo ki futures contract ka price hota hai) fix
karna padta hai.
 Aap apne broker ke through index futures contract kharidte ya bechte hain.
4. Leverage: Index Futures trading mein leverage ka use hota hai. Leverage ka matlab hai ki
aapko poora contract ka paisa upfront pay karne ki zarurat nahi hoti. Aapko sirf ek small
percentage, jo ki margin hoti hai, deni hoti hai.
5. Profit aur Loss: Aapki profit ya loss index ke movement par depend karegi. Agar aapne sahi
direction mein position li hai, toh aapko fayda hoga, lekin agar galat direction mein li hai toh
nuksan ho sakta hai.
Example: Maan lijiye aapne Nifty ke index futures contract ka Long position liya hai, jiska
expiration date ek mahina baad hai. Agar after one month Nifty ka index badh gaya, toh aapko
fayda hoga. Lekin agar index ghat gaya, toh aapko nuksan ho sakta hai.
Index Futures trading mein risk hota hai, isliye careful planning aur research karna important hai.
Aapko market trends aur economic factors ka dhyan rakhna padega.

1. BANKNIFTY Kya Hota Hai: BANKNIFTY ek aisa measure hai jo dikhata hai ki kaise Indian
stock market ke banking sector ke top stocks perform kar rahe hain. Isme kuch badi banks ke
stocks shamil hote hain, jaise ki State Bank of India (SBI), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, aur doosre
banks.
2. BANKNIFTY Futures Kya Hote Hain: BANKNIFTY Futures ka matlab hota hai ki aap ek future
date par BANKNIFTY ke index ka contract le rahe hain. Aap soch rahe hain ki future mein
BANKNIFTY index badhega ya ghathega aur uske hisab se trading kar rahe hain.

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3. Trading Mechanism: BANKNIFTY Futures trading ka process kuch is tarah se hota hai:
 Aap decide karte hain ki aap BANKNIFTY ke liye future contract lena chahte hain.
 Aap decide karte hain ki aap future mein BANKNIFTY ko kharidna chahte hain (Long
Position) ya bechna chahte hain (Short Position).
 Aapko ek specific expiration date aur price (jo ki futures contract ka price hota hai) fix
karna padta hai.
 Aap apne broker ke through BANKNIFTY futures contract kharidte ya bechte hain.
4. Leverage: BANKNIFTY Futures trading mein bhi leverage ka use hota hai. Leverage ka matlab
hai ki aapko poora contract ka paisa upfront pay karne ki zarurat nahi hoti. Aapko sirf ek small
percentage, jo ki margin hoti hai, deni hoti hai.
5. Profit aur Loss: Aapki profit ya loss BANKNIFTY ke movement par depend karegi. Agar aapne
sahi direction mein position li hai, toh aapko fayda hoga, lekin agar galat direction mein li hai
toh nuksan ho sakta hai.
Example: Maan lijiye aapne BANKNIFTY ke index futures contract ka Long position liya hai, jiska
expiration date ek mahina baad hai. Agar after one month BANKNIFTY ka index badh gaya, toh
aapko fayda hoga. Lekin agar index ghat gaya, toh aapko nuksan ho sakta hai.

Lot Size –

NIFTY – 50
BANKNIFTY – 15
SENSEX – 10

Expiry –
Indian Index Futures ke contracts ka expiry date har month ke last Thursday ko hota hai. Yeh
expiry date market ke exchanges (National Stock Exchange - NSE aur Bombay Stock Exchange -
BSE) dvara fix ki jati hai. Hamesha yaad rahe ki agar last Thursday ko market holiday hota hai to
expiry date adjust ki ja sakti hai.

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Index Option –

1. Option Kya Hota Hai: Option ek contract hota hai jisme ek party (jo buyer kehlati hai) dusri
party (jo seller kehlati hai) se agree karta hai ki future mein ek specific price par ek specific index
ka buy ya sell karne ka adhikar hoga. Yeh adhikar kuch samay tak hota hai aur iske liye buyer
seller ko ek premium pay karta hai.

2. Call Option aur Put Option:

 Call Option: Agar aap sochte hain ki market upar jayegi, toh aap ek call option kharid
sakte hain. Is option se aap future mein agreed upon price par index ko khareed sakte
hain.
 Put Option: Agar aap sochte hain ki market niche jayegi, toh aap ek put option kharid
sakte hain. Is option se aap future mein agreed upon price par index ko bech sakte hain.

3. Premium: Option kharidne ke liye aapko ek premium dena hota hai, jo seller ko milta hai.
Premium ka amount option ke factors par depend karta hai, jaise ki current index price, volatility,
aur expiration date.

4. Expiration Date: Har option ka ek expiration date hota hai, jiska matlab hai ki option ke
adhikar ko execute karna ya expire kar dena padta hai us date tak. Expiration ke baad, option
khatam ho jata hai.

5. In-the-Money, At-the-Money, Out-of-the-Money:

 In-the-Money (ITM): Jab option ka strike price current index price se behtar hota hai
(call option ke liye) ya usse kam hota hai (put option ke liye), toh option "in-the-money"
hota hai.
 At-the-Money (ATM): Jab option ka strike price aur current index price ekdum barabar
hota hai, toh option "at-the-money" hota hai.
 Out-of-the-Money (OTM): Jab option ka strike price current index price se behtar nahi
hota hai (call option ke liye) ya usse kam nahi hota hai (put option ke liye), toh option
"out-of-the-money" hota hai.

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BANKNIFTY OPTION-

Chaliye ek example ke through samjhe ki kaise BANKNIFTY options ka use kiya ja sakta
hai:
Scenario: Maan lijiye aapko lagta hai ki BANKNIFTY index future mein upar jayega. Lekin,
aap itna sure nahi hain, aur aap apne risk ko control karna chahte hain. Is situation mein,
aap BANKNIFTY call option kharid sakte hain.
Details of the Trade:
1. Current BankNifty Index: 45,000
2. Your Expectation: Aapko lagta hai ki BANKNIFTY future upar jaayega.
3. Option Type: Call Option
4. Strike Price: 45,500 (Aap soch rahe hain ki future mein BANKNIFTY 45,500 tak badhega)
5. Expiration Date: Next Wednesday or Next Thursday(Last week of month)
Trade Execution: Aap call option kharidte hain jo BANKNIFTY ka strike price 45,500 par
hai aur aapko iske liye premium ₹200 ka milta hai. Aap is option ke liye ₹200 * Lot Size
(jaise ki 15) = ₹3,000 pay karte hain.

Scenario 1: Price Goes Up (Profit): Agar next Expiry tak BANKNIFTY ka index 45,500 ya
usse upar chala gaya, toh aapke call option ka value badhega. Maan lijiye ki BANKNIFTY
46,000 par pahunch gaya hai. Aapne call option ka strike price 45,500 par liya tha.

Profit Calculation: Profit = (Current Premium- Premium Paid) = (₹300 - ₹200 = ₹100

Total Profit for 1 Option Contract (Lot Size 15): Total Profit = ₹100 * 15 = ₹1500

Scenario 2: Price Stays Below Strike Price (Loss): Lekin agar BANKNIFTY ka index
45,500 par ya usse neeche rehta hai, toh aapke option ka value badhne ki koi guarantee
nahi hoti aur aapko premium me nuksan bhi ho sakta hai.
Loss Calculation: Loss = Current Premium- Premium Paid = ₹100-₹200 = -₹100

Total Loss for 1 Option Contract (Lot Size 15):

Total Loss = ₹100 * 15 = -₹1500
Is example se samajh aata hai ki call option kharidne ke through aap limited risk ke saath
market movement ka fayda utha sakte hain. Lekin yaad rahe ki options trading risk
bharpoor hoti hai, aur market conditions ka dhyan rakhna important hai.

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NIFTY OPTION-

Chaliye ek example ke through samjhe ki kaise Nifty options ka use kiya ja sakta hai:
Scenario: Maan lijiye aapko lagta hai ki Nifty index future mein upar jayega. Lekin, aap itna sure
nahi hain, aur aap apne risk ko control karna chahte hain. Is situation mein, aap Nifty call option
kharid sakte hain.
Details of the Trade:
1. Current Nifty Index: 21,000
2. Your Expectation: Aapko lagta hai ki Nifty future upar jaayega.
3. Option Type: Call Option
4. Strike Price: 21,200 (Aap soch rahe hain ki future mein Nifty 21,200 tak badhega)
5. Expiration Date: Next Thursday
Trade Execution: Aap call option kharidte hain jo Nifty ka strike price 21,200 par hai aur aapko
iske liye premium ₹150 ka milta hai. Aap is option ke liye ₹150 * Lot Size (jaise ki 50) = ₹7,500
pay karte hain.
Scenario 1: Price goes Up (Profit): Agar next Thursday tak Nifty ka index 21,200 ya usse upar
chala gaya, toh aapke call option ka value badhega. Maan lijiye ki Nifty 21,500 par pahunch gaya
hai. Aapne call option ka strike price 21,200 tha, Toh ab premium ₹150 se badkar 200 ho gayi.
isliye aapko ab ₹200 - ₹150 = ₹50 ka profit milta hai.

Profit Calculation: Profit = (Current Premium - Premium Paid) = (₹200 - ₹150) = ₹50

Total Profit for 1 Option Contract (Lot Size 50): Total Profit = ₹50 * 50 = ₹2,500

Scenario 2: Price Stays Below Strike Price (Loss): Lekin agar Nifty ka index 21,200 par ya usse
neeche rehta hai, toh aapke option ka value badhne ki koi guarantee nahi hoti aur aapko
premium me nuksan bhi ho sakta hai.
Loss Calculation: Loss = Current Premium - Premium Paid = ₹100-₹150 = -₹50

Total Loss for 1 Option Contract (Lot Size 50): Total Loss = ₹50 * 50 = -₹2,500

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Training Module 1.1

Algorithmic Trading Software

Algorithmic Trading, jo ki algotrading ke roop mein bhi jaana jaata hai, ek tarah ka automated
trading hai jisme computer algorithms (mathematical rules) ka use hota hai stock market ya
financial markets mein trades execute karne ke liye. Chaliye isse asaan bhasha mein samjhe:

1. Algorithm Kya Hota Hai: Algorithm ek set of step-by-step instructions hota hai jo kisi
specific task ko complete karne ke liye design kiya gaya hota hai. Yahan par hum baat kar rahe
hain financial markets mein use hone wale algorithms ki.

2. Algorithmic Trading Kya Hota Hai: Algotrading mein, traders ya investors apne trading
strategies ko computer programs mein convert karte hain. Yeh programs phir automatically
trades execute karte hain based on predefined rules.

3. Working of Algorithmic Trading:

 Market Data Analysis: Algotrading software continuously monitors market data, jaise ki stock
prices, volumes, orders, etc.
 Decision Making: Based on predefined algorithms, software takes trading decisions. Yeh
decisions technical indicators, statistical models, ya other factors par depend karte hain.
 Order Execution: Once a trading decision is made, software automatically places orders in the
market. Yeh orders milliseconds ke andar execute ho jate hain.

4. Key Components of Algo Trading:

 Market Data Feed: Real-time market data feeds provide information about stock prices,
volumes, etc.
 Algorithmic Strategies: Predefined rules and strategies that guide the trading decisions.
 Execution System: The system responsible for placing orders in the market.
 Risk Management: Algorithms to manage and control the risk associated with trades.

5. Advantages of Algorithmic Trading:

 Speed: Algotrading executes trades in milliseconds, faster than human traders.

 Accuracy: Removes emotional decision-making and ensures accuracy.
 Efficiency: Can handle multiple trades simultaneously across different markets.

6. Risks and Challenges:

 Technical Issues: Network failures, system glitches, etc.

 Market Risks: Rapid market movements can impact algorithms.
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 Regulatory Compliance: Adherence to market regulations is crucial.

7. Common Algorithmic Trading Strategies:

 Trend Following: Based on identifying and trading with prevailing market trends.
 Arbitrage: Exploiting price differences in different markets or instruments.
 Mean Reversion: Betting on the idea that prices will revert to their historical average.

8. Popular Algotrading Platforms:

 MetaTrader: Commonly used in intraday trading.

 TradingView : Provides a platform for algorithmic trading and research.
 Amibroker: A platform supporting various asset classes.

In simple terms, algorithmic trading is like having a computerized assistant that executes trades
on your behalf based on predefined rules, helping traders implement strategies efficiently and
swiftly.

Key Components:

1. Market Data Feed:

 Real-time market data jaise ki stock prices, volumes, order book data, etc.,
algotrading system ke liye crucial hai. Yeh data continuously update hota rehta
hai.
2. Algorithmic Strategies:
 Trading strategies jo predefined rules par based hote hain. Yeh strategies market
data ko analyze karte hain aur trading decisions lete hain.
3. Execution System:
 Decision ke baad, execution system orders ko exchange ya trading platform par
place karta hai. Yeh system fast aur efficient hona chahiye taki trades milliseconds
mein execute ho sakein.
4. Risk Management:
 Risk management algorithms, jo trading positions ko monitor karte hain aur
unwanted risks ko control karte hain. Yeh system market volatility aur portfolio
exposure ko handle karte hain.
5. Backtesting:

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 Historical market data par algorithms ko test karne ka process. Yeh system ko
simulate karke dikhata hai ki strategy past market conditions mein kaise perform
karti thi.
6. Live Trading Interface:
 A graphical interface jise traders use karte hain apne algorithms ko monitor aur
control karne ke liye. Isme live market data, positions, aur performance analytics
dikhai jati hain.

Workflow:

1. Data Collection:
 Market data feeds se real-time data collect hota hai, jise algorithms analyze
karenge.
2. Strategy Execution:
 Algorithms analyze karte hain aur trading strategies ke hisab se trading decisions
lete hain.
3. Order Placement:
 Decision ke baad, orders exchange ya trading platform par place hote hain.
4. Risk Management:
 Risk management system positions ko monitor karta hai aur unwanted risks ko
manage karta hai.
5. Feedback Loop:
 Live trading interface ke through traders ko feedback milta hai, jisse woh apne
strategies ko monitor aur adjust kar sakein.

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Our Beck End Platform (MT5)

MetaTrader 5 (MT5) ek popular trading platform hai, jise traders forex, stocks,
commodities, aur other financial instruments par trading ke liye use karte hain. Yeh ek
user-friendly aur feature-rich platform hai. Chaliye isse asaan bhasha mein samjhe:

1. Trading Instruments:

 MT5 mein aap various financial instruments jaise ki forex pairs, stocks, commodities, aur
cryptocurrencies par trade kar sakte hain.

2. User Interface:

 Platform ka interface user-friendly hota hai. Aapko charts, market watch, aur trading
history ke liye easily accessible tabs milte hain.

3. Market Analysis:

 MT5 aapko multiple timeframes par charts provide karta hai jisme aap technical analysis
kar sakte hain. Isme aapko indicators, trend lines, aur graphical objects ka use karke
market ko analyze karne ke tools milte hain.

4. Automated Trading:

 MT5 mein aap apne trading strategies ko automate kar sakte hain. Aap apne algorithms
ko program karke Expert Advisors (EAs) create kar sakte hain, jo fir aapke behalf par
trades execute karte hain.

5. Multiple Order Types:

 MT5 mein aap various types ke orders place kar sakte hain, jaise ki market orders,
pending orders, stop orders, aur limit orders.

6. Technical Indicators:

 Platform mein aapko bahut se built-in technical indicators milte hain jaise ki Moving
Averages, RSI, MACD, aur Fibonacci retracement levels.

7. Economic Calendar:

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 MT5 mein ek economic calendar hota hai jo aapko upcoming economic events aur
indicators ke baare mein inform karta hai, jisse aap market movement anticipate kar
sakte hain.

8. Mobile Trading:

 Aap MT5 ka use desktop, web browser, ya mobile app ke through kar sakte hain. Yeh
aapko flexibility deta hai trading ko kahi bhi aur kabhi bhi access karne mein.

9. Copy Trading:

 MT5 ke zariye aapko Copy Trading ka feature milta hai jisme aap experienced traders ke
trades ko copy karke apne account mein automatically replicate kar sakte hain.

10. Security:

 MT5 secure hota hai aur encryption ka use hota hai, jisse aapka personal aur financial
information safe rahta hai.

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