& MAGWETIC SCALAR AND VECTOR PoTENTIALS ?- ® Tr decbvaddabic prlds, tre ethic polenel "Vt aelaled to the — dethte Rell anbewsily as B= - VV. Stemilorly , We Cam deh a potential associated with magnelostahic rel] B. tnfack, the magnehic polential Could be scalav Vin of veel A> To dehme Veg nd tevdves ctetallng two Ymportort tdentihe) vilvv) =o — 0 v. (vx) =o —= © which most along hold for amy sealer field “V' amd vets fed F- Tost ay E=-YV, we dere the rragnehe scalov potential ‘Vin (Im amperes) as, elated to a attording tc 7 = H=-VWVWm | wf F=0.—@ The terdiHten attached fo Ys equation ts Ymportort and ull be explained » we know 2 T= vet - TK EVV) 20 @ Sma 'V,, most galtohy the fomdihon tn ey @ + thus the magnelec — scaler portal ‘vi ts only defined 1m aYeqion hw 320:we should also role thet “Vin Sahishet sust as V "does for —tletbvastoke ~—felds: Laplace’s equation hen. Wm <0, (F-0) —> ® know that for a magnestog tak c Aeld we > VB =o ——> © To bahisy ey, 3) ond @ dimullameovaly ; we Con dekne the, Vee bor magnehc poleakal z lin Wh) oth Frat —o we Com — defne J Te. Ho Fd LT L a f J Rf v # FoRCes DUE To MAGNETIC FIELDS!— The for line tovventy nv > lo Kd TR 4 R for suvdote hetee dA & oe ut Ss vw Pow volume Grrvert debe fore “Feo ma slakonary o¥ moving decite Grege Qn an dettric eld yy given by Coulomb!s experiment lout and th related & the aleckic Held valeredy EpE-at | @ Fa= @ © >) This shows Prat F @ ie postive, Feamd@ have the Bame dtrecKon - A magnehic field Coan etest — rote only on a moving Cheng: From experiments, tt 1p fourd that the i moving Wa velocthy GL’ “an a magnehc field Rw = oS Fe AuXB This cleavly shews Urat e, ts pevperd cular to boty magnelic Porte eaperientd by a charge ‘a >@ D oa & For a moving charge “@’ wm the Preena ob both electric ced magnelic fields, the sf charge ta given by ad 7 2 Fe fet Fa 7: a (24 x8) This % known os the LoventR fora equation. Tt relates methanital fora to eleclvical fora: a Pre mass ob the charged por tecl, Moving tn E and Z : B ftelds te “ms by Newlbn's setord tam of motion >@Fe mdd - aCP4 Ux8 | F-»# airs u xB) —@ Table: For@ ona ereged Raa ticle [ata ot Particle E fad B add Comnpned E43 Stohionary ae — ae Moving ae auxs a (e++ Te alae cm fields, eleckic and weagnelic fidlds vce Wedeperclent: of a etter, where a® in Ayname Er fells» the hee Adds ae inlecdependsat- StaHor) cherge > lechostohe Aelds aleady covren'l > wagrelastake foelds. Croton a dethic cheiges ih oniforen Comment velocity nett Gord) BD atokte magna thang CovasyachC ela) Bee Vorryng Cover > dbtomagnekc fields Con owed): £X-f tl KAYA a A fortes law'e Steady ore radu 5 moayhic Atl mogukam — prodve cledhienty } FCC to favodajy txpevimests, a dbbe magache fd) prado yo arrest thay bub He Verytag tid predvas an trdved village C called dedhoweltye Fora ov Smpy emf Sin & closed tient, Which Covss 4 — Flow of tarneaf- « Fradhy Inat= The tebitd tnd, Neoy Covell) a im ony closed mveath » tqual bo Ae hime vate ah change of the meggahe = Hon togt by the erate This tolled ferred lon; Om Wh fom be capehl *A | Ving ~ ~— en da : where As Nev ap He Met Vnkoge, nl He number ab burns Inthe creat, amd is Hu Hot Heeudh each town: The eve tga hows Hak the inched velhoge a we pide wey ab to oppote the Flot prodveing Ht. Ths Inown ag Lena low, ard tt emphasing that Re dede ¢ aoe? fal a Me Grd ack BE hed ee cll Produad by the tnduad towed will appode. he change earl segpac bald.Re Tranghese fb tational thetheonedie oars t+ 4 . da Yep i eg ae [ee aw ” + Nep: pied? a [ear The vevithion ah Hv al Hane vem be Coued tn Heres cays M. By beving a Folionary $oP iw a time eying “B field. g field - By Bary 9% Mice Wien lop onta, ini Hine Yorying B treld- (i. By haveng “ Hime Vary req | \ (rir MeCiTeg \per! ase Nichi iN c (v BoNewmry Seep 9 Mane verge Botiddi- — Chansfneer eof) + Mee fee ke P.dv tf : | fe Srortasrs BCb) + i>, =|R ay ot peduad® Pr Ths emf todveed by the Ure Venging tersent (Fredveng tat Nine Veyrg & Rd) en dchovary lop vs fen rod te 4% transfernet em? my qoues analyoisy Se Ws dur te treeefoeed athon = 9) apryimg Fel thesven Jo (25 sae IyxP des - (2 se sy xP) {e ds Bethe toro Meu fb be equi, Met TWeyneds mad be ends ‘This % one a Phe Marurlde equahe BE") fa Bmw voryiny falda Mob is The Ine Varyrg @ Held it nek Comrervalinesi. Moveng. beef 19. atic 8. Field CHiokiewa}. FFD! © Whee a terdlelng ep renin tee alee BAL, an traf ts coved In Me loops the Prve om a Chae roving with — onchars velomtly Wo ma rognebic re loops Ald Bow Far QUYE eS 22. we define the mohow! dedne field Ty a En = wae oly eal trcoed in the beoe 4 Neat * § Bail fee AD ik t Ts type ok cm Called roomed er fet tubing conf ee ee cer eae ee ees Jererabit ord allesratea), Bap phy Btobs these J G xe). = fooler « ®) aD * = 2 VRER ayy @x®) (@ Moving lop tobe vying Aldi~ Tn the gaval cae, a wevieg teducheg op ts ina Hime Varying magpeke Pell Bothy tracsfawwer em ood reckon emf st preted - wos FEB [RB foceadow j 4 ! = 2 [axt- 28 ox @a % Distlotmet torah - eae) }taualon: - From the prrneiplt of thinge —torservaicny the tees op deewease ef cherge wth mn a given vohome must be orual te the a ovkwerd torrent —zhay Hevough he Oda dh the veline- thos Covert Tou} lerning ob fe bee then)’ poefae © ° pea ieee des 2 atRe ele) eee enekerd by the closed aoafoe - fem dregiae thee f= PP dv —O bat - dm 2° Ld du «- fae de @ deme [s [iia de = fen O40 9 Sudo. - § 8% go Se ot z tockeuily @ toxgres} equolies, A A sos Sere equalen- For doe EM fidds, we -vetall Heb a — O oeH: 7 Bab the aivewent. ab Re curl ah ory ety fell op eckealy gene west): 0+ 9F —@® The Gonbruthy of coned, heuer, neque tk gePe ~38 40 >@ tro eps @L@ ae obviously tncompabble — fev bane “Varfing Cordon. we most medi eg @ fo agtte wth ey @. to do thn, we odd alam kee OB Vek becom re FAR agen ope clivenume. _ 2 a ext) 20 2 Pa vag @ trordy fo eg @ bo age wh 4, ws yg. WW, DB). v a8. d “or” Oe ot the eve y= 28 0 kao ae eee Ty 2B Wy Keowe a [a= 3) Qe. derhtwed) Sect dn and Fist Gnduckon (ont Gobshiulry OM TV = FAB we yh faets Peee)- gin ~ T+ 38 this Mh Powell tquoken Chased on Arited tect lan) fa a Ame -Ynying eldBrod an Pre dnglatmert torrent dovtiy , we define Asplotement earvent op © -AZ.B. fab. . 4 4 a f 3E 'e Aoles- Oe the. displateress es a ¢ displatmest —sorevert demstly te a yeah of fwe -vanying cledhie thample of Buch fuvrent is the concent Add. A Hprcal through a tapatits ° a faparihy Aeerahirg velloge Seure is apdied fo ath flakes - A Mawel, cquabions in fed forms! then an Ditfounltal or poirat Trlgd Remarks S . V-D= f, §B.d8 » [ Bdv Gauss) lou v WE 0 4,2-B-o Now enone dp isolated ‘s roqnihe cheng 2 QP > Vxe eck peal oa fs ds Feeradny slow - ven ~ F280 re [ (2B) & Bispenny corgsl be $ i. J r Atnpeny muir b ae Time _—erry trg_pokerals s- For shaic EN fields we oblatcal the thetic scalar pekohd as fdv ~ oO ly WER ord jhe magukie vets pokdal = re [iw -@ o &ve We would Hite 4 exomie the fapjons fo these pekenbaly ashen The fells ave Bre Varying» Recall Prat A te difeal how fhe ‘foc Fra VB =O, which gill eld fx five verying Ald = Hen Be relainBe vik —@ halds fy Fre Yegny athaadlod we have wees OR | P) --vx te F oe eect (vx a oe 2 vx (@+ ah) = 0 —> & te the Cond, of The gradierst aba seek” Beld is adicheolly Roo, the telution to eg Os P+ ah 2 -wv af t @ = -wve —® ae From 0g GLO), we ton delevmnt thy vel Rel BCE, Providd the poled = Za viave browns Taling averginct te ®ve bles vee -vv - (wt). > > wees £9 2. gy ah? € man Bs) eS vue b ve)» ~ fo = 6). fakmg orl for ea, (wwe pt Vee = ox vxk vixaih = yt (vx) a (F+ ab) ~ al Fe eae") ae Fane 2 (_vy- ae). 2 vigrA ay + &(-w an) > aeen® PF vere 0 2 > gegn®- AF we w($¥) - we FE —@By apphy tng the veeln ten hy © ivf = vly-#)- wa Oe SR vy (Fe nF sue w(X) awe Se =O @a vets field is uniquely defined when iti cowl and hiveoent ar prailed Me tank of hos been preted by ey 6s for eaten thal wil be odviovs shortly, qe wey Cheese the divenentt ap A vei= -ye av —> @® ae Trin dota rebbs Ford V amd th is called the Leventa Crdilbon far potentials - O©> 93 e v- at 8 -&£ peoeecce me @- Ve_ ne dh . oo > @ ee NE fy @ +0 are Called wave equations - The solution fry Phe wane cay Com be writhn ag . CPs) dv ae Chl dv © Re loorded f o MER > dhe Scaler’ oh ma R - HCP dv Re honrelid we ) 7) J) verte polestal- The terms (Py) (a GD) meas Hak the Bene “Ete 9, 9050) (3 Fossa) 2 replaced by the retaadkd fme ‘E” doen by \ t= t- & 1 where R= leew} ee eee belwen Phe — foova point “y'/amd the observahien pom! y! omduya~—L vale ts Mhe velocthy of ware proragalion «(bee yar axils)4 Tne Yavmonic fils'- A Hime hormone fir 38 one the Varies fericdically og sinvseidally with Bme- Sinvsoids are easily expessed 9 Grasors, which ae reve fonvenieat to week with: A phosos va a Complex number Hat ontoing the ariihde ced the plse 4 ginvscidal escillakons- As eet omer atiaen Neen) represented as ge ariys vB- (08) we 4 of z + (os 6 +959) we (Pap ell od pe lon! (%). The Potor 2" Can be represented sethargule form ah Be CY ov tn poled form as 2 TLAE TOP. Moe FN, 2 Ut,» Tee Letay, = ty Ue Te addition: Ze zy 2 Chir) 03905) aibbadter: 21 -%2 = Cx,-49) 4319-9.) nolhdieke: Ye 2 tyr, Heats diviorern é = oa dA e - teot - & Byent e- & Uh n Figen Repiseetation gba flasos Comes terug Pe Ate ip gna ZX tHye 4 le To inbedua te Hime clewect pwit ¢-whto : a then ate ree et ge Cre) = + tos(wkx0) , Im (gdA\= aermlwk+o): Ts a praveitel towrert Els To teshat+d » for exemple » eausle he eo tot : 4 sol purl & To Cgeuee te aot £0) bm (i8k+6) , which ys agra) pat Lo Ae.) ton dl be erepretented gp Pee sea) prk a f° Bivot 33% Binds lor Con - ao). However Yn feerFrmmng Suy mathemabical Bpralets or must be Consistent 9 tur use of eller the real poyt or I Magreary prt bak net both at He Dome hoes be we’The Gempler lew T.08 deh resullh flow chreppma, the Hime fails OE BO sa TLD ate Cae “phasor torrent'y denokd by Lg tha wT go. Tp 9° whee tae gobstrtpt “s* develo the dhasor form th EU + ts LW ey messed Hee Yrekewrtomeous fore Com be expressed a TW =k (ise just ) Baw 4 poe enlleas staloy or veils. H avertin BGrya0 wa fime henrmome fields the phasor form of Bis 7,099 ee quombhkes ere aelakd a Bete ee) for comets «4 Pe W = Ag tos Cot-BD ay» we Com wrt Reo B= Re (Ae 2P%ay dvb). a Me Brasov form of Rm 2 heey ah ee (OM) « Relrs ase*)- at ae = ea t fart — & D098 indlactemens fm BK Cava) amd te phasor Heme depeneleat ama veeal » wheceas the latter gererdly Complex: RB Gods the bons hime nvavtent omd dh easy Feo wmk with Rom “a 2 hem As- Z Cama, 3 (ayant) 24 Titamant), EB Ooyad. ¥ (aya oe ayCarvar®)