ECONOMICS CLASS - XII (2024-25) Theory: 80 Marks 3 Hours Project: 20 Marks Units Marks Periods Part A | Introductory Macroeconomics. National Income and Related Aggregates 10 30 Money and Banking 06 15 Determination of Income and Employment 12 30 Government Budget and the Economy 06 17 Balance of Payments 06 18 40 Part B | Indian Economic Development Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 a2 28 Current Challenges facing Indian Economy 20 50 Development Experience of India — A Comparison with f 08 12 Neighbours Theory Paper (40+40 = 80 Marks) 40 200 Part C | Project Work 20 20 Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics Unit 4: National Income and Related Aggregates 30 Periods What is Macroeconomics? Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation. Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method. Aggregates related to National Income: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP GDP Deflator, GDP and WelfareUnit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Money and Banking 15 Periods Money — meaning and functions, supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks. Money creation by the commercial banking system. Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement. Determin: Aggregate demand and its components. Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). tion of Income and Employment 30 Periods Short-run equilibrium output; investment muttiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment. Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply. Government Budget and the Economy 17 Periods Government budget - meaning, objectives and components. Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; Classification of expenditure — revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget — measures of government deficit. Balance of Payments 18 Periods Balance of payments account - meaning and components; Balance of payments ~ Surplus and Deficit Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate. Managed Floating exchange rate systemPart B: Indian Economic Development Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991: 28 Periods A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans, Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI — role & importance) and foreign trade. Economic Reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST Unit 7; Current challenges facing Indian Economy 60 Periods Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming Unit 8: Development Experience of India: 12 Periods A comparison with neighbours India and Pakistan India and China Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators Part C: Project in Economics. 20 Periods Prescribed Books: 4. Statistics for Economics, NCERT 2. Indian Economic Development, NCERT 3. Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT 4, Macroeconomics, NCERT 5, Supplementary Reading Material in Economics, CBSE Note: The above publications are also available in Hindi Medium. 8CLASS Xil COURSE STRUCTURE ‘Chapter No. ‘Chapter Name [Link] Periods | Marks Allotted PART A-CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS 7 The End of Bipotarity 1S a 2 Contemporary Centres of Power 18 6 3 ‘Contemporary South Asia 18 6 a International Organizations 10 6 5 Security inthe Contemporary World 10 6 6 Environment and Natural Resources 12 6 T, Globalisation 12 4 Total 95 40 PART B-POLITICS IN INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE 7 Challenges of Nation-Building 16 6 2 Era of One-Party Dominance 8 4 z Politics of Planned Development 12 z 4 India's External Relations 20 Gg 5 Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System 12 4 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order 1S a 7 Regional Aspirations 1S & = Recent Developments in Indian Poltics, 20 e 18 a0 TOTAL 23 20 Page 22 | 57CLASS XII COURSE CONTENT Chapter No. and Name Specific Learning Objectives Suggested Teaching Learning Process Learning Outcomes with Specific Competencies PART A-CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS 1 ‘The End of Bipolarity ‘Topics to be focused: a) The Soviet System b) Gorbachev andthe disintegration ¢) Causes and Consequences ‘of disintegration of Soviet Union 'd) Shock Therapy andits ‘Consequences ‘e) New entities in world politics = Russia = Balkan States = Central Asian States ff India’s relations with Russia and other post-communist ‘countries Familiarize students with the: Hstorical facts and processes of formation of Soviet Union. Causes and consequences of ‘he Disintegration of the Soviet Union Shock Therapy and its consequences Tensions and Gontlicts which ‘occurred in the former Soviet Republics. Relationship between India and the post-communist countries Group Discussion: Causes and consequences of disintegration of USSR Documenta ries-Past & present situations in USSR/Post Soviet Republics Analysis of relevant newspaper articles ‘After completion of the chapter, Students will be able to: + identify the basic features of the Soviet System, Discuss the background andoutcome of integration of the Soviet Union, Examine the consequences of unipolar world Assess the features of Shock Therapy Probe into the recent happenings in the Post- Communist Countries. Trace the developments between India& Russia Page 23 | 572 Contemporary Centres of Power Topics to be focused: a) European Union b} Association of Southeast Asian Nations ©) Rise of China as an economic power d) Japan and South Korea as emerging powers Familiarize students with the: * Alternative centres of power. + European Union and ASEAN as altemative centres of power, * Economic rise of China and its impact on world politics * Relations of India with China. Discussion: importance on regional organisations ‘Comparative study: Economic growth of China, Japan and South Korea Use of timeline Inquiry based learning Map activity Interpretation of cartoons! Pictures! Newspaper ‘After completion of the chapter, Students will be able to: + Compare and contrast the importance of European Union and ASEAN. * Evaluate the extent of rise of Chinese economy and its impact on world polities. + Summarize India's relations with China, clippings 3 Familiarize students with the: | Map activity ‘After completion of the chapter, Students will be Gontemporary South Asia |. South Asian region. ‘Comparative Analysis: able to: Topics to be focused: a) Military and Democracy in Pakistan and Bangladesh b) Monarchy and Democracy in Nepal 9) Ethnic Conflict and Democracy in Sri Lanka @) India-Pakistan Conflicts e) India and its Neighbours ) Peace and Cooperation + Nature of Political systems in ‘the countries of the region. * Reasons that contributed to Pakistan's failure in building astabled democracy. + Factors that led to struggle for democracy in Bangladesh, + Developments leading to the ‘transition from Monarchy toa Political systems of South Asian countries Use of Historical data Interpretation of cartoons/Pictures ‘Newspaper dippings Discussion: Current economic crisis in Set Lanka and Pakistan + identity & locate the seven countries of the South Asian region + Appreciate the mixed record of democracy in the South Asian region. + Examine the role of Political leaders + Reflect upon the causes af various conflicts and Page 24 | 57Democracy in Nepal. ‘Continuation of democracy since independence despite ‘serious ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka Relations between india and its neighbours Importance of regional ‘cooperation in South Asia Role of big powers like USA and China in the South Asian region. ‘Quiz movements inthis region. + Justify the creation of SAARC + Understand the involvement af US and China in South Asia, 4 international Organizations Topics to be focused: 1a) Meaning and importance of International Organisations ) Evolution of the UN ) Structure and function of International Organisations ) Principal Organs of UN e) Reformot the UN after Cold War {) Reform of Structures, Processes and Jurisdiction of the UN @) India and the UN Reforms Familiarize students with the: Important events in World History Need for formation of International Organizations Functioning of international ‘Organizations ‘Organs and agencies of the United Nations Need for reforms in the changing world United Nations in a unipolar ‘world Discussion and debate: Necessary reforms of the UN Interpretation of cartoons /Newspaper ‘clippings Quiz Model United Nations ‘After compietion of the chapter, Students will be able to: + Define International Organization + Appreciate the role of United Nations and its agencies * Reflect on the events taking place inthe post-cold war era, + Understand the need for reforms in the United Nations Page 25 | 57fy Key Agencies: IMF, World Bank, WTO, ILO, IAEA. i) NGO: Amnesty Intemational, Human Rights Watch. j) Implications and Future of International Organizations 5 Socurity in the Contemporary World ‘Topics to be focused: a) Meaning and Type of Security. 'b) Traditional concept of security '¢) Non-tradition notions of Security. d) New Sources of Threats 2) Cooperative Security Familiarize students with the: + Meaning, nature and types of security + Extemal and Internal notions of security + Emerging challenges of new Threats-Human rights, terrorism, migration, health, epidemics + Need for Cooperative security Discussions and debates: New sources of threat Comparative analysis: Security concerns of different countries Interpretation of cartoons/Pictures Collaborative concept mapping: India's initiatives and policies towards ‘After completion of the chapter, Students will be able to: © Recognize he causes of security threats + Enhance analytical skills to provide solutions to security ‘concems. * Develop critical thinking about the role of various stakeholders in ensuring 4) India's Security strategy + Components of India's security) security security today. strategy Familiarize students with the: ‘After completion of the . resentation: chaptor, Students will be Environment and Natural |* Environmentalissues Environmental issues ee Resources: + Global commons Recapitulation - Topics to be focused: a) Environmental Concerns b) Global Commons +6) Common but differentiated Responsibilities 4) India's Stand on Environment sues ¢) Environmental Movements + Responsibilities of developed and developing countries towards the conservation of the environment * Efforts taken by Indiaat resource conservation and sustainable development Debate and discussion Indigenous communities ‘of the world and their concems: Newspaper activity to inculcate concern, awareness and * Enlist and explain the facts related to global ‘environmental issues * Recognize and understand ‘the need toconserve ccitical resources * Demonstrate knowledge Page 26 | 57#) Resource Geopolitics g) Rights of Indigenous peoples © Need toconserve critical resources like oil and water + Environmental movements = Concerns of indigenous communities, the role of governments and international organizations in protecting their rights. ‘environmental morality ‘and appreciation towards India's responsibility in protecting environment * Realize the needto conserve resources and exhibit responsibility towards prudential use to facilitate sustainable development + Know about the nature of concerns of indigenous communities and understand how the governments of different countries respond to their plea 7 Globalisation ‘Topics to be focused: a) Concept of globalisation b) Causes and Consequences of globalisation 6) India and globalization 4d) Resistance ta globalization @) India and resistance to globalisation Familiarize students with the: + Concepto! Globalisation * Causes of Globalisation. * Palitical, economic, and cultural consequences of Globalisation, + Impact of Globalisation on India, + Resistance to globalisation and its future course. Group discussion: Positive and negative impact of dobalization. Interpretation of Cartoons Question strategy ‘After completion of the chapter, Students will be able to: + Appreciate the significance of Globalization + Elucidate the political, economic, and cultural dimensions of Globalisation. + Critically evaluate the impact of globalisation on India. Page 27 | 57* Draw attention to resistance movements to Globalisation and envisage its future trends PART B-POLITICS IN INDIA S| INCE INDEPENDENCE ‘Building Topics to be focused: a) Challenges for the new Nation, + Three Challenges. b) Partition: Displacement and Rehabilitation, * Consequences of Partition. 6) Integration of Princely States + Theproblem + Government's approach + Hyderabad + Manipur d) Reorganisation of States. Familiarize students with the: * Nature and challenges of Nation building + Causes and consequences of Partition of India. © Process of integration of princely states + Important role of Sardar Vallabhai Patel in the integration of princely states + Reorganisation of states Documentaries Discussion: Causes and consequences of Parttion Live Experiences- Mecting People wha lived through this period Cartoon interpretation Map Activity ‘After completion of the chapter, Students will be able to: * Analyse the challenges which Independent India faced. + Describe the factors that led to the partition of India. + Explain the circumstances under which different princely states signed the Instrument of Accession. + Assess how language became the basis of reorganisation of the states, + Evaluate the role played by leaders in Nation Building. 2 Era of One-Party Dominance Topics to be focussed: a) Challenge of building democracy. Familiarize students with the: * Challenge of establishing democracy in India, + Process of ensuring free and fair Elections, Group Discussion: Recent changes in the electoral process Comparative analysis Heolagy of diferent politica! parties ‘After completion of the chapter, Students will be able to: © Appreciate the sustenance ‘af democratic politics in the country. Page 28 | 57 —Poluical Scipnce Suilabus 2028-25'b) Congress dominance inthe first three general elect ions. * Nature of Congress dominance * Nature and dominance of ‘Congress party during the Post-independence Period, Maps/Cartoons Question strategy [+ Evaluat lectoral politics post:Independence + Assess the dominance ofthe indian National * [Link] social and — | [Link] role of Quiz Congress trom 1952 to ‘ideological coalition. opposition parties, 1967. * Tolerance and management ot Factions + Evaluate the role of lc) Emergence of opposition Opposition parties parties 3 Familiarize students with the: ‘Alter completion of the Debate and Discussion; | chapter, Students will be Politics of Planned » Nature of conilict in First three 5-year plans. | able to: ‘Dayelopment achieving the twin objectives of economic growth and : Topics to be focussed: Comparative analysis; |» Kentity the varied option Sai ea socio: economic justice. Tho oft and Right eked ta 2) Political co} ion, idedlogy. government to balance * Meas of Development * Planning + Planning Commission b) The Early Initiatives + The First Five Year Plan, * Rapid Industrialisation, + Two models of development * Design orplanof development. + Emergence aims and objectives of the first two five-year plans, + Replacement of Planning Commission by National Institution for Transforming India (NIT! Aayog) Page 29 | 57 growth and socio-econorie justice. > Know the difference between Lett and Right Kdeology + Understand the need for the formation of the Planning Commission, + Appreciate the need for strategic long-term development programme nd policies