LAW ENFORCEMENT ORG.

& ADMIN (INTER AGENCY APPROACH)

Principles of Organization, Management and Administration
Administration
1. involves activities pertaining to the higher level focusing on developing plans, processes and
policies, establishing goals and objectives.
2. gives proper direction, it is a directing function.
3. may be compared to the brain of the human body; because its activities relate to thinking
process like fixation of target,decision making etc.

Management
to fulfill those objectives according to the policies determined by administration, it sets up
organization structure, giving command and direction, motivating the subordinate employees,
coordinating and controlling the various functions performed by them.
properly executes, it is a execution function.
Management may be regarded as the eyes of a human being; as it observes whether the work is
being performed according to the rules and policies to achieve the desired result.

Organization
is basically a group of people who collectively work to achieve common goals and objectives.
effective machinery for accomplishing company objectives in a team spirit.
may be compared to the hands of a human body because it helps directly in performance of
work.

Police Administration- concerned with the setting up of objectives and plans, and internal
operating efficiency of the police organization. involves making ethical and lawful decisions relating
to the hiring, management, retention, discipline, and termination of law enforcement personnel.
Otherwise known as police in action, the cooperative human effort to achieve the purposes of the
Criminal Justice System.

Police management- includes the administrative activities of coordinating, controlling and

directing police resources, activities and personnel.

Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration
engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and
order, protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.

Elements of Organization
1. Specialization- The grouping of activities and segregation of line, staff, and auxiliary functions
are large-scale examples of specialization within a bureaucratic organization.
2. Hierarchy of Authority- the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower
positions within an organizational hierarchy.
3. Span of Control- is the maximum number of subordinates at a given position that superior can
supervise effectively.
4. Delegation of Authority- is the conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position
onto a lower-level position. The person to whom authority is delegated becomes responsible to
 the superior for doing the assigned job. However, the delegators remain accountable for
accomplishment of the job within the guidelines and quality standards of the agency.
5. Unity of Command- means one supervisor or "boss".
6. Formal Communication-is the process of sharing understanding and information on common
subjects. More precisely, it is an intercourse between, through or more people by means of
words,letters symbols, or gestures for the purpose of exchanging information.

Historical Background of Policing

The term 'POLICE' was derived from the following:
·"POLITEIA” (Greek word) used to describe the group of civil officers governing the city and not
necessarily the armed men guarding or policing the city.
·“POLITIA” (Romans) which means civil administration.
· “POLICE” (French) used it to those authorized people who enforce the law.
·“PULIS" - Filipinos further translated the term police in a way for it to be compatible in the
manner they pronounce and spell words (Timpac, 2013).

Thanes Policing System- a type of internal police force where landowners throughout the
kingdom were responsible to police their own territory. Landowners were empowered to: arrest
offenders and deliver them to the King; and,settle civil litigations.

Frankpledge system -every male over twelve (12)years old joined nine (9) of his neighbors to form
TYTHINGMEN. They performed police works and anyone who failed to join and perform this duty
was severely fined. This policing system was carried out under a system of mutual pledge.Policing
responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens.

Tun Policing System- this policing system required all male residents to guard the town to
preserve peace and order, protect the life and property of the people and suppress otherfactors
affecting peace and order. Tun was the forerunner of the word “town".

Hue and Cry Policing System- Complainant or victim will go to the middle of the community and
shout to call all male residents to assemble. Once heard, male residents will automatically assemble
to go after the criminal and apprehend him.

Shire-Reeve System-King William Norman divided the kingdom into 55 military districts known
as Shire-reeves.
Shire-used to refer to a district.
Reeve-used to refer to the ruler of the district who made laws, rendered judgment, and imposed
penalties.

Court Leet-The head of the court which was appointed by the King to be responsible in keeping
peace and order in a specific area. It was under the responsibility of local officials who could
petition to remove him if he did not perform his job properly.

Legis Henrie-Imposed the following features: Law violations were classified as offenses against
the King; Policemen were considered as public officials; The police and the citizens were given the
power to conduct arrest; Grand Jury was created to inquireon the facts of the law.

Keepers of the Peace-It requires the appointment of knights to keep the King's peace. The knights
were posted on bridges and gates to check the people entering and leaving the town or cities.
Magna Carta (Great Charter)- became a law upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table.
It declared the following: No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned, disposed,outlawed,or bowed
except bylegal judgment of his peers; No person should be tried for murder unless there is proof of
the body of the victim; there should be national and local government as well as the national and
local legislation.

Statute of 1295- It began the closing of the gates of London during sunset. This started the
observation of the curfew hours.

Justice of the Peace- this was a position given to a respected citizen, who has the power to arrest,
pursue and imprison offenders.

Star Chamber Court-a special court that tried offenders against the state. Later on, it became both
a court of law to determine civil rights and a court of revenue to enrich treasury.

Henry Fielding-chief magistrate of London who established the so called Bow Street Runners in
1753.Bow Street Runners served writs and arrested offenders on the authority of the magistrates,
traveling nationwide to apprehend offenders.
John Fielding-the successor of Henry Fielding. He was nicknamed as the Blind Beak because of his
extraordinary capacity to recognize 3,000 different criminals by the sound of their voice. He created
the Bow Street Patrol.
Sir Robert Peel- known as the Father of Modern Policing. He established London Metropolitan
Police making the Great Scotland Yard (Scotland Yard) as the place where the headquarter was
built.He established the Peelian Principles.

EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING

A. Pre-Spanish Period
The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay chieftain to select
abled bodied young men to protect their barangay during the night.

B.Spanish Period
1.Carabineros de SeguridadPublico (Mounted Police)-1712
2.Guardrilleros (January 8,1836)
3.Guardia Civil (February 12,1852)

C.Japanese Occupation
1.Kempetai
2.Metropolitan Constabulary

D. American Occupation until the World War II broke out

1.Insular Police Force (November 30, 1890)
2.Insular Constabulary (July 18,1901)
3.Manila Police Department (MPD)-July 31,1901

Important Personalities
Col. Antonio C. Torres - first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department in 1935 when it became an
all Filipino police organization;

Col. Lamberto T. Javalera - the first Filipino COP of MPD after the Philippine Independence from United States of
America in 1946
Brig/Gen.Rafael Crame-first Filipino Chief of Police. He served as the Philippine Constabulary Chief from 1917-1927.
RELEVANT LAWS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Republic Act No. 4864 (September 18, 1966) - Police Act of 1966. Created the POLCOM later names
as NAPOLCOM in 1972.
Act No. 175-created the Philippine Constabulary in 1901
Presidential Decree No. 765 (August 8, 1975)- created the Integrated National Police under the
Philippine Constabulary as its nucleus.
Republic Act No. 6975 (December 13,1990)-DILG Act of 1990. Created BJMP, PNP, BFP and Public
Safety College.
Republic Act No.8551 (February 25,1998)-PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998.
Republic Act 9708 (2009)- an act extending for 5 years the reglementary period for complying
with the minimum educational qualification for appointment in the PNP.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

Functional Units
1. Bureau-the largest organic functional unit within a large department. It comprises of numbers
of divisions.
2. Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
3. Section- functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.
4. Unit - functional group within a section; or the smallest functional group within an
organization.

Territorial Units
1. Post-a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as a designated
desk or office or an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty. It is a spot location for general
guard duty.
2. Route-a length of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is also called LINE BEAT.
3. Beat-An area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized.
4. Sector-An area containing two or more beats, routes, or posts.
5. District-a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes,usually with its own station.
6. Area-a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts.

The Powers and Functions of the PNP

1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice,
and assist in their prosecution.
4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the
Constitution and pertinent Laws.
5. Detain and arrest person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, informing the
person so detained of all his/her rights under the Constitution;
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;
7. Supervise and control the training and operation of security agencies and issue licenses to
operate security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives for the practice of their
profession;and
8. Perform such other duties and exercises all other functions as may be provided by law. One of
these is the Forestry law wherein the PNP is primary enforcer in coordination with the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

General Qualification For Initial Appointment

1.A citizen of the Philippines;
2.A person of good moral character;
3. Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical teststo be administered by
the PNP;
4.Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized learning institution;
5.Must be eligible;
- PNP Entrance (NAPOLCOM)
-RA No.1080 (Bar and Board Examinations)
-PD No.907 (CS eligibility to College Honor Graduates)
6. Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for cause
from any civilian position in the government;
7. Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude;
8.Must be at least 1.57 meters or 5'2" for men, and 1.52 meters or 5' for women;
9. Must weight not more or less than five kilograms (5kg) from the standard weight Corresponding
to his/her weight, age, and sex;and
10. Must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age.

Police Appointment
1. Temporary - if the applicant passes through the waiver program as provided in under R.A
8551.

2. Probationary-if the applicant passes through the regular screening procedures.

3. Permanent-if the applicant able to finish the required field training program for permanency.

Waiver for Appointment-Waivers for initial appointment to the police service shall be governed
by Section 15 of Republic Act 8551, IRR.

Appointment by Lateral Entry -In general, all original appointments of Commissioned

Officers (CO) in the PNP shall commenced with the rank of Police Lieutenant to include those with
highly technical qualifications applying for the PNP technical services, such as dentist, optometrist,
nurses, engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences. Doctors of Medicine, members of the Bar and
Chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of Police Captain in their particular technical services.
Graduates of the PNPA shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank of Lieutenant. Licensed
Criminologist may be appointed to the rank of Lieutenant.
The New Rank Classification of the PNP Personnel (RA11200)
Commissioned officers:
Police General (PGEN) Four Star
Police Lieutenant General (PLTGEN) Three Star
Police Major General (PMGEN) Two Star
Chief Brigadier General (PBGEN) One Star
Police Colonel (PCOL) Three Sun
Police Lieutenant Colonel (PLTCOL) Two Sun
Police Major (PMAJ) One Sun
Police Captain (PCPT) Two Anahaw Leaf
Police Lieutenant (PLT) One Anahaw Leaf

Non-commissioned officers:
Police Executive Master Sergeant(PEMS)
Police Chief Master Sergeant (PCMS)
Police Senior Master Sergeant (PSMS)
Police Master Sergeant (PMSg)
Police Staff Sergeant (PSSg)
Police Corporal (PCpl)
Patrolman/Patrolwoman(Pat)

Note: Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are classified above the
Executive Master Sergeant and below the Police Lieutenant rank in the PNP.

PNP: National in Scope - means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose
jurisdiction covers the entire breath of the Philippine archipelago which extends up to the
municipality of Kalayaan islands in the province of Palawan. All PNP personnel both the uniformed
and non-uniformed components are national government employees.
Civilian in Character - means that the PNP is not a part of the military. Although, it retains some
military attributes such as discipline, it shall adopt unique non-military cultures, Code of Ethics,and
Standard of Professional conduct.

Classification of Line,Staff,and Auxiliary Function

Line Functions: Line functions are the "backbone" of the police department; they include such
operations as patrol, criminal investigation, and traffic control, as well as supervision of the
personnel performing those operations. Line functions are carried out but "line members,"
including thepatrol officer, the detective, the sergeant, the lieutenant, the captain, and the chief of
police. Line members are responsible for:
Carrying out the majors purposes of the police department.
Delivering the services provided by the department.
Dealing directly with the department's clientele.
Making final decisions with respect to the activities they perform.

Staff Functions: Staff functions are those operations designed to support the line functions,Staff
members are necessarily advisors who are typically assigned to planning, research, legal advice,
budgeting, and educational services. Staff members are often civilians with specialized training who
serve within the department but do not deal with daily operations on the street. Their mmain
function is to study police policies and practices and to offer proposals to the chief executive of the
department. Staff personnel tend to be:
 Highly specialized.
Involved in an advisory capacity
Detached from the public
Not directly responsible for the decisions made by department executive.

Auxiliary Functions: Auxiliary functions involve the logistical operations of the department.These
include training, communications, jailing, maintenance, record keeping, motor vehicles, and simnilar
operations.

Principes of Police Organization

1. Principle of Unity of Objectives - an organization is effective if it enables the individuals to

contribute to the organization's objectives.
2. Principle of Organizational Efficiency - organization structure is effective if it is structured in
such a way to aid the accomplishment of the organization's objectives with a minimum cost.
3. Scalar Principle - shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken
chain of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority. The scalar
principles are:

a. Line of Authority and Chain ofCommand- This principle of organization suggests

that communications should ordinarily go upward through established channels in
the hierarchy. Diverting orders, directives, or reports around a level of command
usually has disastrous effects on efficiency of the organization.
b. The Span of Control-of a supervisor over personnel or units shall not mean more
than what he can effectively direct and coordinate. In span of control, levels of
authority shall be kept to a minimum.
c. The Delegation ofauthority shall carry with it a commensurate authority and the
person to whom the authority is delegated shall be held accountable therefore.It
implies that delegation must carry with it appropriate responsibility.
d. The Unity of Command-explains that subordinates should only be under the control
of one superior.

4. Functional Principle - refers to division of work according to type, place, time and
specialization.
5. Line and Staff- implies that a system of varied functions arrange into a workable pattern. The
line organization is responsible for the direct accomplishment of the objectives while the staff is
responsible for support, advisory or facilitative capacity.
6. Principle of Balance-states that the application of principles must be balanced to ensure the
effectiveness of the structure in meeting organization's objectives.
7. Principle of Delegation by Results - states that authority delegated should be adequate to
ensure the ability to accomplish expected results.
8. Principles of Absoluteness of Responsibility - explains that the responsibility of the
subordinates to their superior for performance is absolute and the superior cannot escape
responsibility for the organization on activities performed by their subordinates.
9. Principle of Parity and Responsibility - explains that responsibility for action cannot be
greater than that implied by the authority delegated nor should it be less.
10.Authority Level Principle - implies that decisions within the authority of the individual
commander should be made by them and not be returned upward in the organizational
structure.
11.Principle of Flexibility - means that the more flexible the organization,the more it can fulfill
its purpose

Organizational Structure
The head of the PNP with the rank Police General shall have the position title of Chief of
the PNP.
The second in command of the PNP with the rank of Police Lieutenant General shall be the
Deputy Chief for Administration.
·The third in command with the rank also of Police Lieutenant General shall be the
Deputy Chief for Operations.
At the national office, the head of the directorial staff with the rank of Police Lieutenant
General shall be known as Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP.
The heads of the various staff divisions in the directorial staff shall have the rank of Major
General with the position title of Director of the Directorial Staff of their respective
functional divisions.
The heads of the administrative and operational support divisions shall have the rank of
Police Brigadier General
The head of the National Capital Region (NCR) with the rank of Police Major General shall
assume the position title of NCR Director.
The heads of the regional offices with the rank of Police Brigadier General shall assume
the position title of Regional Director.
The heads of the NCR district offices with the rank of Police Brigadier Generalshall have
the position title of District Director.
The heads of provincial offices with the rank of Police Colonel shall be known as
Provincial Director.
The heads of the district offices with the rank of Police Lieutenant Colonel shall have the
position title of District Director.
The heads of the municipality or city offices with the rank of Police Major shall be known
as Chief of Police (COP).

Staff under the Office of the Chief PNP (OCPNP)

1. Internal Affairs Service (IAS) - essential part of the disciplinary mechanism of the PNP.It
serves as the monitoring body of the character and behavior of all policemen and operates as
the investigating and adjudicatory body on all administrative offenses committed by PNP
personnel.

2. Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM)- responsible forintegrating, coordinating

and monitoring activities across functions and other offices to ensure alignment of strategies,
resources and operations. Serves as the central facility of the PNP in coordinating and
 integrating all strategy management processes, sustaining its strategy execution and
management, and instilling in the organization a culture of strategy focus.

3. Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO)-supervises the implementation of the guidelines and
policies on human rights laws.

4. Peace Process and Development Center (PPDC)- mandated to act as the office primarily
responsible for the monitoring of the development and implementation of peace agreements
and pertinent laws; collaborate with the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace
Process (OPAPP), Chairpersons of Government Peace Negotiating Panels (GPNPs) and
Armed Forces of the Philippines Peace Development Center (AFPPDC) on the
implementation of the peace process program.

Directorial Staff(Functional Staff)

The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM). The director
optimizes the utilization of personnel resources both from the PNP-uniformed and non-
uniformed personnel.
The Directorate for Intelligence (DI). The director manages the gathering/collating of
intelligence objectives through effective management of all intelligence and counter-
intelligence activities of the PNP. He also serves as the linkage of all foreigners with official
transactions with te chief PNP.
The Directorate for Operations (DO). The director exercises the command, the control,
the direction, the coordination and the supervision of all activities on PNP operations such
as deployment and employment of personnel.
The Directorate for Logistics (DL). The director administers and manages material
resources needed for the PNP operations.
The Directorate for Plans (DPL). The director plans and programs strategic PNP
operations. He also represents the PNP in the inter-agency and international affairs on
peace and order.
The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC). The director administers and manages the
fiscal financial resources.
The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR). The director formulates and
implements community -related activities, programs and projects. He also supervises the
PNP Salaam Police Center to undertake close monitoring, networking and liaisoning
activities with the Muslim communities in addressing terrorism and lawless violence in
their respective areas to guarantee that the Muslims are not discriminated, oppressed or
singled-out.
The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM). The director
coordinates. Controls and supervises all investigation activities.
 The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD). The
director formulates policies on matters pertaining to human resources and doctrine
development.

The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD). The director engages in research
and development and does testing and evaluation of self-reliant projects.
The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management
(DICTM). The director integrates and standardizes all the PNP information systems and
resources to further improve the frontline services.
Five (5) Area Police Command (APC) (formerly known as Directorates for Integrated
Police Operations (DIPOs)). The Directors of the clustered areas for Integrated Police
Operations, namely: APC Northern Luzon, APC Southern Luzon, APC Visayas, APC Eastern
Mindanao, and APC Western Mindanao, are given the responsibility to direct and to
supervise the conduct of integrated anti-criminality, internal security,counter-terrorism
operations, to promote inter-operability with the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and to
provide a system to promote regional socio-economic development.

National Operational Support Units (17 all including FEO and SOSIA)
1. Maritime Group (MG).This group is responsible to perform all police functions over
Philippine Territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include ports and
harbors and small islands for the security and the sustainability development of the
maritime environment.
2. Intelligence Group (IG). This group serves as the intelligence and counter-intelligence
operating unit of the PNP.
3. Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG). This group provides security to
government vital installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private
individuals authorized to be given protection.
4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG). This group monitors, investigates,
prosecutes all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and
extent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates
and organizations.
5. Special Action Force (SAF). This group is a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to
augment regional , provincial, municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control,
internal security operations, hostage-taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times
of natural calamities, disasters and national emergencies and other special police
operations such as ant-hijacking, anti-terrorism, explosives and ordnance disposal.

6. Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP). This group provides security to all airports
throughout the country.
7. Highway Patrol Group (HPG). This group enforces the traffic laws and regulations,
promote safety along the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through inter-
agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education
and Traffic Law enforcement functions and develops reforms in the crime prevention aspect
 against all forms of lawlessness committed along National Highway involving the use of
motor vehicles.
8. Police Community Affairs and Development Group (PCADG; formerly Police Community
Relations Group).This group undertakes and orchestrates Police Community Relations
program and activities in partnership with concerned government agencies, the community,
and volunteer organizations in order to prevent crime and attain a safe and peaceful
environment.
9. Civil Security Group (CSG). This group regulates business operations and activities of all
organized private detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies and company guard
forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives. Under
this department are the following:
a. Firearms and Explosives Office (FEO) - Administer, enforce and implement
the firearms and explosives laws, rules and regulation.
b. Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agency-responsible for
the issuance of implementing orders regarding the rules and regulations
affecting security agencies operation.

10. Forensic Group (formerly known as Crime Laboratory (CL)). This group provides
scientific and technical, investigative aide and support to the PNP and other investigative
agencies. It also provides crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of
physical evidence gathered at the crime scene with primary emphasis on medical,biological
and physical nature.
11. PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG). This Group serves as the primary unit of the
PNP in addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations.
12. PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG). This Group is responsible for the
implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns of the
PNP.

13. Drug Enforcement Group (DEG; formerly Anti-Illegal Drugs Group}-Conduct all-out and
sustained operations against national and international syndicates and personalities
engaged in production, importation, and trafficking of illegal drugs, in support to the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
14. Explosives Ordinance Disposal and Cannine Group (EOD-K9)- conduct safe disposal of
all bombs and neutralization of hazards from chemical, nuclear, and improvised explosive
devices (IED) that create threat to public safety, installation and utilities as well as to police
operations and personnel.
15. Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG; formerly Counter-Intelligence Task
Force)-is designed to conduct intelligence build-up and law enforcement operations against
PNP personnel who are involved in any illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human
trafficking,financial crimes, cybercrime, malversation, graft and corrupt practices, security
violations,and others.
National Administration Support Units
1. Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA)- premier training academy for the Philippine
National Police,Bureau of Jail Management & Penology and Bureau of Fire Protection. PNPA
was established on August 26, 1977, by thevirtue of Section 19, PD 1184 and was tasked to
provide tertiary level education to Filipinos aspiring to be officers in the three bureaus of the
Department of the Interior and Local Government.
2. National Police Training Institute (NPTI)- shall be responsible for the mandatory and
leadership trainings of all police non-commissioned officers (PNCOs).
3. Headquarters Support Service (HSS) - primarily tasked to oversee the overall order and
security of Camp Crame. Activated on June 27, 1955, it was originally called the Headquarters
Philippine Constabulary and Headquarters Service Battalion (HPC & HSB).
4. Health Service (HS) - provide timely, comprehensive and quality health services to PNP
personnel, their dependents, and authorized civilians. It is the primary healthcare provider of
the Philippine National Police.
5. Logistics Support Service (LSS)- provide logistical support and services to all units of the
PNP.

6. Finance Service (FS)- responsible for the payment of all PNP obligations and collection of
funds in accordance with accounting and auditing rules and regulations

7. PNP Training Service (PNPTS)- aimed to develop and improve staff performance and skills
through an organized, innovative, and well-focused program. It is tasked to conduct training
courses geared to towards skills enhancement, intellectual advancement,and moral
transformation of the PNP personnel vital to the pursuit of a respectable and responsive police
force.
8. Engineering Service (ES)- in charge of the overall planning, implementation, supervision, and
evaluation of all PNP engineering programs, land utilization and housing activities.
9. Legal Service (LS)- Serves as legal counsel of the PNP and provides legal service to the PNP in
actions filed before the courts, quasi-judicial and administrative bodies. It also adjudicates
claims for retirement and/or separation benefits for uniformed and non-uniformed PNP
personnel and studies contracts affecting the PNP and submits appropriate recommendations
pertaining hereto. It renders legal opinions on matters arising from the administration and
operation of the PNP.
10. Communications and Electronics Service (CES)- Provide technical supervision over
communication and electronic facilities of the PNP nationwide and other separate units and
acquire and/or procure critical communications and electronics equipment supplies and
materials.
11.Information Technology Management Service (ITMS) -design, develop, maintain and
manage the information systems, databases, and network systems of the PNP. Specifically,their
functions are managing the Geographical Information Systems (GIS), network installation,
computer troubleshooting, applications programming, database administration,web
development, ICT training, and other ICT-related jobs as per the directive of the Chief PNP.
12. PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS) - adjudicates and administers
retirement, separation, and death benefits for PNP retirees and their dependents/legal
beneficiaries.
13. Chaplain Service (ChS)-provide pastoral and religious services, spiritual guidance and
counseling to the PNP Personnel and their dependents regardless of religious affiliation.
14. PNP Recruitment and Selection Service (PRSS)- administer the selection and recruitment of
applicants in various regions and in the PNPA, and in charge in the implementation of the
recruitment and selection program.
Appointing Authority
Appointment for Patrolman to Police Executive Master Sergeant-Appointed by the
PNP regional director for regional personnel or by the Chief of the PNP for the national
headquarters personnel and attested by the Civil Service Commission.

Police Lieutenant to Police Lieutenant Colonel-Appointed by the Chief of the PNP,as

recommended by their immediate superiors, attested by the Civil Service Commission.

Police Colonel to Police Lieutenant General-Appointed by the Presidentupon

recommendation of the chief of the PNP, with proper endorsement by the Chairman of the
Civil Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments.

Police General.-Appointed by the President from among the senior officers dowwn to the
rank of Police Brigadier General in the service, subject to confirmation by the Commission
on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour of duty not to
exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That, in times of war or other national emergency
declared by Congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.

Promotion is a status change of a policeman amounting to dynamic elevation of qualified or

deserving members as opportunities occurs, to assignment or duties of greater importance. All
promotions should be based on merits and fitness.

Police Promotions
All promotion shall be properly evaluated by PNP Promotion Board unless exempted by the Police
General.All promotions shall be based on promotional vacancies. Relative seniority standing shall
be maintained. No retireable personnel within twelve months of the current promotion year shall
be eligible for regular promotion.

Kinds of Promotions
1. Regular promotion- quota allocated promotion wherein a candidate must satisfy all the
mandatory requirements fixed for a certain grade.

Mandatory Requirements in Regular Promotion:

A. Time-in-grade- total period of time a candidate has acquired in a certain grade regardless of
his status of appointment therein. While seniority in rank is the total period acquired in certain
grade in permanent status.

Time-In Grade (Latest)

Patrolman to Police Corporal-2 years
Police Corporal to Police Staff Sergeant-2 years
Police Staff Sergeant to Police Master Sergeant-3 years
Police Master Sergeant to Police Senior Master Sergeant-2 years
Police Senior Master Sergeant to Police Chief Master Sergeant-2 years
Police Chief Master Sergeant to Police Executive Master Sergeant-2 years
 Police Executive Master Sergeant to Police Lieutenant-3 years
Police Lieutenant to Police Captain-3 years
Police Captain to Police Major-3 years
Police Major to Police Lieutenant Colonel-3 years
Police Lieutenant Colonel to Police Colonel-3 years
Police Colonel to Police Brigadier General -2 years
B. Performance- sum total of a candidate's past activities and achievements in a certain work.
C. Potential- the overall gross worth and capability of a candidate to assume a higher position and
greater responsibility based on tangible past performance.
D. Training-acquisition or finishing prescribed courses for the rank or its equivalent courses.

Mandatory Courses. These are compulsory trainings required to be undertaken by the PNP
uniformed personnel in order to expand their knowledge for better work performance and career
development. They also serve as regular trainings that will help refresh and enhance the knowledge
of police personnel on police matters as they prepare to assume the responsibilities of a higher
rank.

Rank andTime in
Course Status Pre-requisiteTraining
Grade(TIG)
Public Safety PLTCOL with Permanent Public Safety SeniorOfficer
Officer Senior three years AdvanceCourse (PSOAC)
Executive TIG
Course
〔PSOSEC)
Public Safety PCPT-PMAJ with Permanent Public Safety OfficerBasic Course(PSOBC)
Senior Officer two years
Advance TIG
Course
(PSOAC)
Public Safety Permanent Public Safety OfficerCandidate
PINSP with
Officer Basic Course(PSOCC)/Bachelorof Science in
two years
Course PublicSafety (PSBS〕/FieldTraining
TIG
〔PSOBC〕 Program(FTP)
Public Safety Permanent Public Safety SeniorLeadership
PEMS with Course(PSSLC)
Officer two years
Candidate TIG
Course(PSOCC)
Public Safety PMSg with Permanent
Senior Public Safety JuniorLeadership
two years
Leadership Course(PSJLC) and FieldTraining
TIG to PCMS
Course (PSSLC) OfficersCourse (FTOC)

PCpl with Permanent

Public Safety BasicRecruit
Public Safety two years
Course(PSBRC)/PSFTPand for
Junior TIG to PSMS
PO1/Pat.recruited
Leadership from CY 2015onwards: PatrolOfficers
Course (PSJLC) DevelopmentProgram (PODP)
 Field Training Newly Temporary N/A
Program Appointed
PCOs via
Lateral Entry
2. Special Promotion
May be given for the following cases:
PNP Medal of Valor;
·Acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of life over and beyond the call of
duty;

Acts of outstanding leadership ability and efficiency in staff and supposed services over
and above the normal requirements/criteria for regular promotion;
·Acts of highest sense of moral value and honesty in the performance of duty or functions.

3. Promotion by virtue of position: Any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose
rank is lower than that which is required for such position shall, after six (6) months of
occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment corresponding to the position: Provided,
That the personnel shall not be reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank until after two
(2) years from the date of such rank adjustment: Provided, further, That any personnel
designated to the position who does not possess the established minimum qualifications
therefor shall occupy the same temporarily for not more than six (6) months without
reappointment or extension.

Compulsory Retirement: Compulsory retirement, for officer and non-officer, shall be upon the
attainment of age fifty-six (56):

Optional Retirement: Upon accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of satisfactory active
service, an officer or non-officer, at his own request and with the approval of the Commission, shall
be retired from the service and entitled to receive benefits provided by law.

Attrition System for Uniformed Personnel

There shall be established a system of attrition within the uniformed members of the PNP within
one (1) year from effectivity of RA 8551 to be submitted by the PNP to the NAPOLCOM for approval.

1. Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position.

The maximum tenure of PNP members holding key positions is hereby prescribed as follows:
Chief PNP -4 years
Deputy Chief PNP -4 years
Director of the Staff Services -4 years
Regional Directors -6 years
Provincial/City Directors -9 years.

Other positions higher than Provincial Director shall have the maximum tenure of six (6) years.
Unless earlier separated, retired or promoted to a higher position in accordance with PNP Staffing
Pattern, police officers holding the above mentioned positions shall be compulsory retired at the
maximum tenure in position herein prescribed, or at age fifty-six (56), whichever is earlier.
 2. Attrition by relief.
A PNP uniformed personnel who have been relieved for just cause and has not been given
an assignment within two (2) years after such relief shall be retired or separated.

3. Attrition by Demotion in Position or rank.

Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed, who is relieved and assigned to a position lower
than what is established for his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within eighteen (18) months after
such demotion in position shall be retired or separated.

4. Attrition by Non-promotion.
Any PNP personnel who have not been promoted for a continuous period of ten (10)
years shall be retired or separated.

5. Attrition by Other Means.

Any PNP member or officer with at least five (5) years of accumulated active service shall be
separated based on any of the following factors: Inefficiency based on poor performance
during the last two (2) successive annual rating periods; Inefficiency based on poor
performance for three (3) cumulative annual rating periods; Physical and /or mental
incapacity to perform police function and duties; Failure to pass the required entrance
examinations twice and/or finish the required career courses except for justifiable reasons.

Police Managerial Activities and Roles

Interpersonal Roles-working directly with other people
Figurehead- hosting and attending official ceremonies
Leadership - creating enthusiasm and serving people's needs
Liaison-maintaining contacts with important people and groups

Informational Roles-exchange information with other people

Monitor-seeking out relevant information
Disseminator-sharing information with insiders
·Spokesperson-sharing information with outsiders

Decisional Roles-make decisions that affect other people

Entrepreneur- seeking problems to solve and opportunities to explore
Disturbance handler-helping to resolve conflicts
Resource Allocator-allocating resources to various uses
Negotiator-negotiating with other parties

The Foundations Of Police Organization And Management

1. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor, 1856-1915) - from the earlier use of the "rule of the
thumb" to a more scientific approach, including scientifically selecting, training, and developing
workers, and ensuring that all the work would be done in accordance with scientific principles.
Workers should get a fair day's pay for a fair day's work, and that pay should be linked to the
amount produced

Fredrick Winslow Taylor- known asthe 'father of scientific management'.

2. Bureaucratic Management ((Max Weber, 1864-1920)- emphasizes on structuring an
organization into a hierarchy and having clearly defined rules to help govern an organization
and its members.
3. Hawthorne effect-employees are motivated far more by relational factors such as attention
and camaraderie than by monetary rewards or environmental factors such as lighting,
humidity,etc.
4. Administrative/Modern Management (Henry Fayol) - It emphasizes broad administrative
principles applicable to higher levels within the organization.
Henri Fayol (1841-1945) - known as the father of modern management theory..

Principles of Management (By Fayol)

a. Division of work- refers to dividing the work into different individuals.
b. Authority and Responsibility- proper balance between authority and responsibility.
Authority is the duty, which a subordinate is expected to perform. Authority and responsibility
go hand in hand.
c. Discipline- refers to the obedience to the rules and regulations of the organization. This
requires good supervision at all levels of management
d. Unity of Command- each subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to only the
superior.No person can serve several masters at the same time.
e. Unity of Direction-implies that there should be one head and one direction of activities having
the same objectives. This principle ensures unity of action and avoids unnecessary duplication
of work.
f. Subordination of Individual Interests to General Interests-interest of the organization as a
whole must prevail over the interest of the individual. It must be the interest of the
organization that should be placed above the interest of employees.
g. Remuneration of Employees- determined based on government rules related to wages,
financial position of the organization, nature of work, and cost of living.
h. Centralization and Decentralization- there should be a proper balance between
centralization and decentralization.

Note: Centralization refers to the concentration of authority at the top level, and decentralization
means distribution at all levels of management. The degree of centralization and decentralization
depends on various factors, such as experience of the employees, ability of subordinates, size of the
organization, etc. Too much centralization lead to loss of control of top management.

i. Scalar chain-chain of authority and communication that moves in a straight line from the
superior to the lowest subordinate.
j. Order- a proper place for everything and everyone. It can either be material order, which
ensures fix a place for various material tools, or social order where there is an appointed place
for every employee.
k. Equity- absence of any discrimination amongst the employees based on religion, caste,
language, or nationality.
1.Stability of personnel- employees should be kept in their position for a reasonable time to
show result as stability creates a sense of belonging, and workers are encouraged to improve
their quality of work.
m. Initiative- the ability toassess and initiate things independently. Workers should encourage
and should be given an opportunity to take initiative in making and executing the plan.
n. Esprit De Corps- a sense of belongingness and a feeling of team spirit amongst employees. A
feeling of pride, fellowship, and common loyalty shared by the members of a particular group

5. Gulick and Urwick (1920-1937) - Pioneers of "The Science of an Administration" (1937).In

this book, they have described the major functions of administration using the acronym
POSDCRB.

a. P-Planning-this is the process of working out in broad outline the things that need to be done
and the methods for doing them. It is the determination in advance of how the objectives of the
organization will be attained.
b. O-Organizing- this is the establishment of the formal structure of authority through which
work subdivisions are arranged and coordinated for the defined objective. It involves the
determination and allocation of men and women to achieve pre-determined goals.
c. S-Staffing- this refers to the personnel's function of bringing in and training the staff and
maintaining favorable conditions of work. It is the task of providing the right men for the right
job.
d. D-Directing- this is the continuous task of making decisions and embodying them in specific
and general orders and instructions. It also includes giving of authoritative instructions,
orders, or commands to working men, and the overseeing of the human resources and the
various activities in an organization.
e. Co-Coordinating- this entails inter-relating the various parts of the work. It involves the
checking or evaluation and measurement of work performance.
f. R-Reporting-to account the activities and programs, progress, future needs, plans, decisions
being made, for the purpose of administrative control.
g. B-Budgeting- entails financial planning, accounting, and control. It covers the budget
preparation and use.

OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

National Bureau of Investigation

The National Bureau of Investigation (Filipino: Pambansang Kawanihan ng Pagsisiyasat,
abbreviated as NBI) is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Justice,
responsible for handling and solving major high-profile cases that are in the interest of the nation.
The NBI was modelled after the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Commonwealth Act No. 181-created the Division of Investigation (DI).

Republic Act 157-renamed DI into NBI
Republic Act No. 10867- the 2016 Act "Reorganizing and Modernizing the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI), and Providing Funds Therefore.

Functions
 (a) To undertake investigations of crimes and other offenses against the laws of the Philippines,
upon its own initiative and as public interest may require;
(b) To render assistance, whenever properly requested in the investigation or detection of crimes
and other offenses;
(c) To act a national clearing house of criminal and other informations for the benefit and use of all
prosecuting and law-enforcement entities of the Philippines, identification records of all persons
without criminal convictions, records ofidentifying marks, characteristics, and ownership or
possession of all firearms as well as of test bullets fired therefrom;
(d) To give technical aid to all prosecuting and law-enforcement officers and entities of the
Government as well as the courts that may request its services;
(e) To extend its services, whenever properly requested in the investigation of cases of
administrative or civil nature in which the Government is interested;
(f) To undertake the instruction and training of a representative number of city and municipal
peace officers at the request of their respective superiors along effective methods of crime
investigation and detection in order to insure greater efficiency in the discharge of their duties;
(g) To establish and maintain an up-to-date scientific crime laboratory and to conduct researches in
furtherance of scientific knowledge in criminal investigation;
(h) To perform such other related functions as the Secretary of Justice may assign from time to
time.

The Bureau of Investigation shall be headed by a Director who shall be appointed by the President
of the Philippines with the consent of the Commission on Appointments of the Congress of the
Philippines, and shall receive an annual compensation of seven thousand two hundred pesos.

Appointments: Appointments to positions in the Bureau of Investigation shall be made only

according to merit and fitness to be determined as far as practicable by competitive mental and
physical examination and after adequate instruction and training. Promotions shall be made with
due regard to seniority and past record of efficiency: Provided, That such personnel as shall be
appointed for general investigation shall be, as far as practicable, graduates of recognized laws
schools or colleges or members of the bar, and, whenever a special need arises, certified public
accountants and those with at least ten years experience and training in other law-enforcement
organizations.

Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA): It is the implementing arm of the DDB and
responsiblefor the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions against any
dangerous drugs and/or precursors and essential chemicals. It is headed by a Director General and
is assisted by 2 Deputies Director General (one for Admin, another for operations), both appointed
by the President. It absorbed the NARCOM of the PNP, Narcotics Division of the NBI, and the
Customs Narcotics Interdiction Unit.

Bureau of Immigration (BI)

The Bureau of Immigration (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Pandarayuhan), also known between 1972 and
1987 as the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation, is the immigration regulatory and control
body of the Philippines. It was established by the Philippine Immigration Act in 1940.

General functions
Acts as the primary enforcement arm of the Department of Justice and the President of the
Philippines in ensuring that all foreigners within its territorial jurisdiction comply with existing
laws;
Assists local and international law enforcement agencies in securing the tranquility of the state
against foreigners whose presence or stay may be deemed threats to national security, public
safety,public morals and public health and;
Acts as chief repository of all immigration records pertaining to entry, temporary sojourn,
admission, residence anddeparture of all foreigners in the country.

Specific functions
In the discharge of its broad functions, the Bureau through its Board of Commissioners, exercises
administrative and quasi-judicial powers over the:

Regulation of the entry (arrival), stay (sojourn), and exit (departure) of foreign nationals in
the country;
Monitoring of the entry and exit of Filipino citizens in compliance with Philippine laws and
other legal procedures;
Issuance of immigration documents and identification certifications on non-immigrant,
immigrant and special non-immigrant visas;
Issuance of special permits in relation to the enforcement of immigration laws (e.g.Special
Work Permit (SWP), Provisional Permit to Work (PPW), Special Study Permit (SSP), re-
entry permits, clearances, etc.);
Extension of stay of temporary visitors and implementation of changes of status as provided
by law;
Administrative determination of citizenship and related status;
Investigation, hearing, decision and execution of orders pertaining to exclusion,
deportation, and repatriation of foreign nationals;
Implementation of Hold Departure Orders, Blacklist, Watchlist, Immigration Lookout
Bulletin Orders and Alert List Orders;
Cancellation of immigration documents upon violation of immigration laws and procedures;
Investigation, arrests and detention of foreigners in violation of immigration regulation and
other Philippine laws;
Operation of the Bureau of Immigration Bicutan Detention Center and other such holding
facilities;
Accreditation of schools and learning institutions that can officially accept and enroll
foreign students;and
Accreditation of law firms, liaison officers, travel agencies and other individuals and
organizations transacting with the Bureau of Immigration

Philippine Coast Guard

The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) (Filipino: Tanod Baybayin ng Pilipinas) is a civilian armed
uniformed serviceattached to the Philippines' Department of Transportation,tasked primarily with
enforcing laws within Philippine waters, conducting maritime security operations,safeguarding life
and property at sea, and protecting marine environment and resources; similar to coast guard units
around the world.
NOTE: In case of a declaration of war, the Coast Guard shall also serve as an attached service of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines.

The Philippine Coast Guard is the oldest and only humanitarian armed service in the Philippines.
Its beginnings could be traced back to the early 20th century when coast guarding was related to
the protection of the customs services of the country and in patrolling the coastlines and harbors.

Organization
The Philippine Coast Guard is led by the Commandant of the Philippine Coast Guard,and directly
reports to the Secretary of Transportation in maritime law enforcement, and also reports to the
Chief of the Navy in wartime. The commandant is assisted by the Deputy Commandant for
Administration and the Deputy Commandant for Operations.

Units
The Philippine Coast Guard's functional command units include:

·The Maritime Security Command (MARSECOM)

Marine Environmental Protection Command (MEPCOM)
Maritime Safety Services Command (MSSC)

Coast Guard Aviation Force

The Coast Guard Aviation Force (CGAF), then known as Coast Guard Air Group was formally
activated on May 18, 1998 during the incumbency of Commodore Manuel I de Leon PCG as
Commandant, Philippine Coast Guard. It aid in the intense need to have the capability to extract
survivors from water

Coast Guard Special Operations Force

The Philippine Coast Guard's Special Operations Force (CGSOF) is the special forces unit of the
Philippine Coast Guard, founded in 1972. The CGSOF performs underwater operations, domestic
counter-terrorism and other law enforcement operations.

Philippine Coast Guard Auxiliary

The Philippine Coast Guard Auxiliary is the civilian support group of the Philippine Coast Guard.
Although a volunteer, civilian organization, the PCGA uses a military structure for organizational
purposes. Like other volunteer sea rescue organizations around the world, it performs non-military
and non-police activities in support of its national navy or coast guard. This endeavor includes
search and rescue, environmental protection, disaster relief, community service, and marine safety.

Philippine Coast Guard Officers' Basic Education and Training Center

Like Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC)'s Officer Candidate Schools (OCS) of Philippine
Army,Philippine Navy and Philippine Air Force, the Philippine Coast Guard also has Philippine
Coast Guard Officers' Basic Education and Training Center (PCGOBETC) that serves as officer
candidate school of PCG officer aspirants. Officer Candidates taking the Coast Guard Officers' Course
(CGOC) become Probationary Ensigns (P/ENS) and after graduation, they will be commissioned as
regular officers in the organization.

Office of Transportation Security

The Office for Transportation Security (OTS) is the single authority responsible for the security of
the transportation systems of the Philippines, including Civil Aviation, Sea Transport and Maritime
Infrastructure, Land Transportation, Rail System and Infrastructure.

Executive Order No. 277 (January 30, 2004) created the Office for Transportation Security (OTS)
under the Department of Transportaton and Communications (DOTC) and reconstituted
theNational Council for Civil Aviation Security as National Civil Aviation Security Committee
(NCASC)

Mandate
The Office for Transportation Security (OTS) is responsible for the security of transportation
systems
by formulating, implementing, and coordinating security measures, programs, plans, and
activitieswhich will enhance the security and safety of the transportation systems of the country.

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

The Bureau of Fire Protection (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Pagtatanggol sa SunogI) is the government
fire service of the Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government.
Functions and duties
Prevention and suppression of all destructive fires;
Enforcement of the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (RIRR) of the Republic Act
No. 9514 otherwise known as the Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1185) and otherrelated
laws;

Investigate the causes of fires and if necessary, file a complaint to the city or provincial
prosecutor relating to the case;
In events of national emergency, will assist the military on the orders of the President of the
Philippines;
And establish at least one fire station with all personnel and equipment per municipality
and provincial capital.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

The national government agency which primarily deals with the environment and the prime agency
responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country's
environment and natural resources. Among other functions, it licenses and regulates all natural
resources use; manages protected areas; assesses environmental impact; controls pollution and
decides pollution cases; manages toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes; settles mining conflicts;
conducts ecosystems research and technology transfer; carries out information, education, and
communication campaigns; and implements international and regional environment and natural
resources agreements.