MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC RATNAGIRI

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023

A PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON: -

“Wildlife Conservation”
SUBMITTED BY: -

2100130220: SOHA RIYAZ ANSARI (ROLL NO.3206)

CHINMAY SANTOSH AYARE
(ROLL NO.3204)
PRANAV SURVE
(ROLL NO.3203)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: -

Ms. SWARALI DALI

SUBMITTED TO: -

“COMPUTER DEPARTMENT”
 A PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON: -

WILDLIFE CONSERVATIONS (OLIVE RIDLEY TURTLE)

AIM OF PROJECT:
TO CREATE A PRESENTATION ON “WILDLIFE CONSERVATION”

INTRODUCTION:
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and
their habitats. As part of the world’s ecosystems, wildlife provides balance and
stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the
survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably with
other species.

The human population has grown exponentially over the past 200 years, to
more than seven billion people today, and it continues to rapidly grow. This
means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions
of people on the planet. This growth and development also endangers the
habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly
animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for
food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction
of invasive species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution,
hunting, fishing, and poaching.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
ARTICLE FROM WORLD WILDLIFE:

Wildlife conservation is the preservation and protection of animals, plants,

and their habitats. By conserving wildlife, we're ensuring that future
generations can enjoy our natural world and the incredible species that live
within it. To help protect wildlife, it's important to understand how species
interact within their ecosystems, and how they're affected by environmental
and human influences.
Phenology
Plants and animals have life events that seemingly occur like clockwork every year.
Birds can migrate, mammals may hibernate, flowers bloom, and leaves change
colors. The study of how the biological world times these natural events is called
phenology. Scientists now understand that plants and animals take their cues from
their local climate (long-term weather patterns). Climate is impacted by non-
biological factors—temperature, precipitation, and available sunlight. Species use
the predictable yearly changes in the climate to determine when they start natural
events such as breeding or flowering.

Climate change is slowly increasing average annual temperatures. One of the most
noticeable ways that climate change is impacting wildlife is by disrupting the
timing of natural events. With warmer temperatures, flowering plants are blooming
earlier in the year and migratory birds are returning from their wintering grounds
earlier in the spring. Phenology is an important subject for conservationists to
study because it helps us understand the patterns of specific species and overall
ecosystem health. Every species has an impact on those in its food chain and
community, and the timing of one species' phenological events can be very
important to the survival of another species.

Food Webs and Bioaccumulation

The energy we receive from food can be traced back to the sun. As the sun shines, it
radiates light energy. Plants absorb the light energy, convert it to sugars
(photosynthesis), and produce energy for other wildlife. The energy from the sun is
moves its way through ecosystems by predators eating their prey. A food web
breaks down how all the producers, consumers, and decomposers interact in an
ecosystem and how energy is transferred between species.

When animals eat their prey, they consume more than just energy. They also
absorb all the chemicals and nutrients inside the prey. Sometimes animals ingest
pollutants that can become stored in their fat and tissues. Humancaused
pollution has added heavy metals, oil, and industrial and pharmaceutical
chemicals to the environment. Plants, fish, and other species absorb these toxins,
and as they are eaten by predators, the toxins are then absorbed into the
predators’ tissues. As the chain of predator and prey continues up the food web,
the toxins become more concentrated and move higher and higher up the food
web. The process that causes the concentration of a substance to increase as it
moves up the food web is called bioaccumulation. The pollutants can have a
disastrous effect on the food web and potentially kill species.

Natural Disturbances
A natural disturbance is any event that causes a disruption to the current state of
an ecosystem. Natural disturbances are caused by forces of nature, including
weather, geology, and biological fluctuations. This may include fires, floods,
earthquakes, diseases, and droughts. After a disturbance impacts an ecosystem,
there can be devastation, but healthy ecosystems have an amazing ability to
bounce back. Some ecosystems even depend on disturbances, such as the
threatened longleaf pine Ecosystem. Sometimes the ecosystem will go back to its
former structure, with the same plant and animal species. Other times, the
disturbance will create something new by allowing new species to populate the
area.

Not all disturbances are natural. Human actions have contributed to many
disturbances seen in ecosystems today. While natural disturbances happen on
occasion, human disturbances are putting constant pressure on ecosystems and
dramatically impacting species. Human disturbances, including clear-cutting,
habitat fragmentation, and pollution, are continuously affecting ecosystems. The
moment the ecosystem begins adjusting to one stress, another appears. Many
ecosystems that we depend on are not given enough time to adapt to the new
conditions. The natural cycle of disturbances—growth, dieback, and growth—
cannot properly function because too many disturbances are putting pressure on
the ecosystem at once.
Corridors and Flyways
Wild animals are always on the move. They move from place to place in search of
food, mates, shelter, and water. Many animals do not have to move far in order to
have all their needs met, but other animals—for example migratory birds, wolves,
mountain lions, or butterflies—require much more space. Currently many species
with large territories, including gray wolves, are threatened because habitat loss
and fragmentation have limited their available space. Roads, fences, and
buildings cut off habitat and force wildlife into smaller areas. Conservationists
have to take into account the different spatial needs of wildlife when designing
plans to protect them. They have to think about the territory size, different
habitat types, and migration routes that wildlife need.

A wildlife corridor is a tract of land that connects different wildlife habitats (such as
refuges, parks, or rivers) that might otherwise be separated by human
development. Wildlife corridors provide many benefits to wildlife. With corridors,
animals have a better opportunity of finding the basic necessities they need—food,
water, shelter, and places to raise their young. Animals that require larger territories
can access new habitats and maintain a healthy territory size. Wildlife corridors
also promote genetic biodiversity. When more individuals of a species are
interconnected, the gene pool becomes larger and more viable. Migratory wildlife
benefit from corridors because they can move safely over long distances without
having to come into contact with human developments or cars. Species are more
likely to survive disturbances by having more undisturbed areas.

The National Wildlife Federation, in partnership with the Santa Monica Mountains
Fund, is working to create a wildlife crossing for mountain lions in California. By
linking protected habitat on either side of a freeway, mountain lions and other
wildlife can the access to green space they need to survive. The Liberty Canyon
Wildlife Crossing, when built, will be the largest such crossing in the world, and a
model for urban wildlife conservation.

Unlike mammals, birds and butterflies travel from one place to another by flying, so
they face different kinds of challenges. Not only do we have to protect their winter
and summer habitat, but also key rest stops that migratory wildlife use along the
way. Conservationists can help threatened bird and butterfly populations by
protecting habitat along major migratory flyways—pathways used by migratory
birds and insects. Birds tend to take predictable routes to get from the winter
feeding grounds to the summer breeding grounds and back. Flyways usually occur
along coastlines, major rivers, and near mountains. The United States has four main
migratory flyways.
Pacific Flyway: Along the Pacific coast, west of the Rocky Mountains
Central Flyway: Over the Great Plains, east of the Rocky Mountains
Mississippi Flyway: Along the Mississippi River
5. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:
i. The first step was to find the project over internet and syllabus.
ii. Selected the topic "WILDLIFE CONSERVATION " for our project by
discussing with the group members and the subject teacher. ili.
Gained information about the overall project and collected necessary
information and examples through various websites and books. iv.
Studied all important concepts related to project.
v. Discussed which team member will do what work. vi. All the group
members created the report by collecting information about each point
as per the assigned task. vii. Finally, each and every team member
contributed to creating the final project.
viii. And finally we will submit our micro project to the respective subject
teacher.

6. SOFTWARE RESOURCES REQUIRED:

• LAPTOP (HP DESK)
• REFERENCES (ENCYCLOPAEDIA)

7. REFERENCE LINKS:
• https://www.nwf.org/Educational-
Resources/WildlifeGuide/Understanding-Conservation ACTION
PLANNED:
Sr.No Details of Planned Finished Group
activities date date Members

1 Planning for 14-09-2023 20-09- Chinmay Ayare

the topic 2023 Pranav Surve
Soha Ansari

2 Collection 21-09-2023 26-09- Chinmay Ayare

and study. 2023 Pranav Surve
Soha Ansari

4 02-10-2023 04-10- Soha Ansari

2023 Chinmay Ayare
Started
preparing the Pranav Surve
synopsis of
the project

5 05-10-2023 05-10-
Chinmay Ayare
2023
Pranav Surve
Prepared the Soha Ansari
project

6 8-10- Chinmay Ayare

Prepared 09-12-2023
2023 Pranav Surve
methodology
Soha Ansari
as per the
product
requirement.

7 Prepared 11-10-2023 9-10- Chinmay Ayare

project 2023 Pranav Surve
report. Soha Ansari