CHAPTER 1
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Name: PICONES, IAN B. Date: September 1, 2024
Year and Section: 1CE-B Score:
1. Describe each of the three ages of the Ancient Age based on tool development and
societal characteristics.
The Stone Age, beginning around two million years ago, was characterized by
the use of stone and bone tools, which early humans used for hunting and defense. The
Bronze Age, starting around 1700 BCE in ancient China, saw the development of
stronger tools and weapons made from bronze, leading to specialized labor and
organized societies. The Iron Age, beginning around 1200 BCE in the Middle East,
introduced even stronger iron tools and weapons, further advancing technology and
warfare. Each of these ages marked significant advancements in tool-making, which in
turn influenced societal development and daily life. Different civilizations experienced
these ages at different times, with those possessing superior tools often dominating
others.
2. Differentiate Scientific Revolution from Industrial Revolution.
The Scientific Revolution, which took place from the 16 th to 18th centuries, was
about changing how people understood the world, with new scientific discoveries and
the use of the scientific method. It moved people away from relying on religious
explanations to focusing on observation and experimentation. The Industrial Revolution,
starting in the late 18th century, was about shifting from handmade goods to machine-
made products, leading to new inventions like the steam engine and major changes in
how people worked and lived. While the Scientific Revolution was about changing
ideas, the Industrial Revolution focused on using those ideas to create new
technologies and industries. Both were important, but the Scientific Revolution changed
how we think, and the Industrial Revolution changed how we live and work.
3. Enumerate at least three advancements in science and technology during each of the
following periods in history.
a. Middle Ages 1. Heavy Plow- Improved agricultural productivity by
allowing deeper tilling of soil.
2. Windmills and Watermills- Used for grinding grain,
pumping water, and other tasks, which increased
efficiency in agriculture and milling.
3. The Mechanical Clock- Introduced in the 13th century,
it allowed for more precise measurement of time, which
was crucial for religious and daily life.
b. Scientific Revolution 1. Heliocentric Theory- Proposed by Nicolaus
Copernicus, it changed the understanding of the solar
system, placing the Sun at the center instead of the
Earth.
2. Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation- Formulated
by Isaac Newton, these laws laid the foundation for
classical mechanics.
3. Microscope Development- Enhanced by Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek, leading to discoveries in microbiology,
including bacteria and protozoa.
c. Industrial Revolution 1. Steam Engine- Perfected by James Watt, it powered
factories, transportation (trains, ships), and changed the
nature of work.
2. Spinning Jenny- Invented by James Hargreaves, it
revolutionized textile manufacturing by allowing multiple
threads to be spun at once.
3. Telegraph- Developed by Samuel Morse, it allowed for
instant communication over long distances, which was a
major breakthrough in communication.
d. 18th to 19th Century 1. Vaccination- Edward Jenner developed the smallpox
vaccine, which was the first successful vaccination and
led to the eventual eradication of the disease.
2. The Electric Motor- Invented by Michael Faraday, it
laid the groundwork for the widespread use of electricity
in various applications.
3. Periodic Table- Created by Dmitri Mendeleev, it
organized chemical elements based on their properties
and atomic structure.
e. 20th Century to Date 1. The Internet- Developed in the late 20th century, it
revolutionized communication, information sharing, and
many aspects of daily life.
2. The Discovery of DNA Structure- James Watson and
Francis Crick, with contributions from Rosalind Franklin,
identified the double-helix structure of DNA,
revolutionizing genetics and biology.
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI)- The development and
application of AI have transformed industries, from
healthcare to finance, and continue to advance rapidly,
influencing daily life and work.
4. Give two other technological advancements during the present time and describe
how each of them contributes to societal development.
The first is the Solar panels, it convert sunlight into electricity, providing a
renewable and clean energy source. They reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower
electricity bills, and contribute to environmental sustainability by cutting down
greenhouse gas emissions. The second one is Internet, it connects people globally,
enabling instant communication, access to information, and online services. It has
revolutionized how we work, learn, shop, and socialize, driving economic growth and
enhancing quality of life through digital connectivity.
5. Look for as many social media words as you can from the following box of letters and
encircle them. Words may be in horizontal, vertical, diagonal or reversed positions.
6. Discuss in chronological order how the information age has come to existence.
1947-1969: Beginnings. The Information Age started with the invention of the transistor
in 1947, which made computers more powerful and affordable. The creation of
integrated circuits and the first microprocessors in the 1960s further boosted digital
technology. These developments set the stage for modern computers and digital
communication.
1969-1989: Rise of Computers and the Internet. The late 1960s saw the start of the
internet with ARPANET, leading to the development of global networks. By the 1980s,
personal computers became common in homes and businesses, changing how people
used technology. Digital cameras and early mobile phones also began to make an
impact during this period.
1989-2005: Growth of the Web. Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in
1989, making it possible for people to access and share information online. In the 1990s
and early 2000s, web browsers and online banking became popular, and personal
computers and cell phones became widespread. This period marked a major shift in
how people interacted with technology.
2005-2020: Social Media and Smartphones. In the mid-2000s, Web 2.0 emerged,
bringing social media and user-generated content to the forefront. Smartphones
became common, and cloud computing started to change how we store and access
data. By the end of the 2010s, most people around the world were online, and digital
technology continued to advance quickly.
