«2 United States Patent USK 0067105818 (0) Patent No: US 6,710,581 BL Lee (43) Date of Patent: Mar, 23, 2004 (54) CONSTANT-POWER BRUSHLESS DC 4,882,524 A * 11/1989 Lee 318/254 MOTOR 521638) A * 61993 Skye 318254 Shop07s A * S998 Cameron 318811 (75) Inventor: T S00 Lee, Masan (KR) Sisi20w A = G)907 MeCher et S106 She01003 & * S1997 Broke eta 551500 ee a a Sista A * 51998 Siidshere 3026 (73) Assia Soba Be Co, Ltd. (KR) 5,856,995 A * 1/1999 Morris 372/87 Novi Sheoos) A * 219% Le em a105 (4) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer the term ofthis Socipe A = 14990 Sebesien Sa aioe! patent is extended or adjusted under 35 eastess A> 72000 Durham, Patel USC. 1540) by 0 days A + 8200 River Boiss 5 , COR ATT BL * 92001 Komen ea sos (21) Appl. Nox 09/601,937 C3045 BL = 142001 Mueyakd 318139 (02 PCT Filed: Feb. 9, 1099 Sas0401 BL 32002 GareaSinair eal 318138 (66) PCTNo: — PCT/KRs9/00069 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS $371 XD. we 361058452 A * 31108 ©), (4) Dates Aug. 19, 2000 * cited by examiner (87) PCT Pub, Nox WO99/41829 Primary Exaniner—Thomas M, Dougherty PCT Pub, Date: Aug. 19, 199 Assistant Examiner—dulio C. Gonzalez (4) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Straub & Pokotylo; John C: (30) Foreign Application Priority Data eae Fob. 11,1998 (KR) 999917 (57) ESTE G1) Int. Ch OZR 3/08; HOP 5/06; Aconstant-power brushless DC motor is provided, including, HO2K 7/00; stator which is wound in parallel by phases and polarities (2) [Link] 322/39; 318/254; 3101680 Sad coallgured of a mulli-phases, a mor baving’s prede (8) Field of Search 310/68 B; 318/254, termined number of polarities, which is required to concen- 318/184, 439, 720-724, 293; 322/28, 39 trate magnetic flux on its area, a commutation encoder including sensing regions and nonsensingcegions, and two (56) References Cited ‘photo sensors set to each phase, the two photo sensors being US. PATENT DOCUMENTS onnected toa controller to excite only (nb) phases among a phases, starting and rotating the moor, thereby realizing 4 20610 A+ 9/1959 essere 310254 constant power DC motor wilhout commutalor, which is Sol0g7s A + 101971 Hexmann 310/105 fective in energy saving, has good characteristic of con- poe ea eae) tinuous speed conversion and eompact configuration, 4,723,100 A * 2/1988 Horikawa et al 7 ip = S7R0180 A+ M1088 Lee et San1882 A+ 1/4980 Neumann 7 Claims, 10 Drawing Sheets stan ag he ~ pone conTFOL encooen [we |US 6,710,581 BL Sheet 1 of 10 Mar. 23, 2004 U.S, Patent 91907 91907 $s ts000n yang IOWLNOO IndNI LC _ | - toy 91907 91907 a 7OLNOD Nol Lvintwiod | nd a a 30vIS 90 OL O¥ SNIHOLIMS ATddAS uawod w3HOd a } BOLOY USQOON3 OILYNOW HBOOONI yo, 430003 ouviTWnooU.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 2 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL NCODER VELOCITY FIG.2A ER COMMUTATION ENCODE FIG.2BU.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 3 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL FIG.3AU.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 4 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL i | che ccecceepefpeleeeeeeeeefeefeefeneeeen Lf ff ps i | a i | ree eeeeeE | air +—3 zone emia — 22 a a Selling |e fy Lt Le. oO | =) im | i a ttt {tte A PHASE B PHASE C PHASE 0 PHASE. E PHASEUS 6,710,581 BL Sheet 5 of 10 Mar. 23, 2004 U.S, Patent ¥OLOW Y3LNO avold WOLOY USNNT VWOldU.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 6 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL STEEL ISULATED WIRE SILICON, N MAGNETIC METAL —~U.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 7 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL FIG.5B € PHASE D PHASE PHASE 8 PHASE FIG.5SA A PHASEU.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 8 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL a 2 2s = So Blo 3 eee 300" 240° FIG.6 180 120° 60° ne SENSOR PULSEU.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 9 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL FIG.7A (8-3)PHASE EXCITING FIG.7B (8-5)PHASE EXCITINGU.S. Patent Mar. 23,2004 Sheet 10 of 10 US 6,710,581 BL FIG.8 TORQUE | 4 CONSTANT POWERUS 6,710,581 BL 1 CONSTANT-POWER BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR. ‘TECHNICAL FIELD ‘The present invention relates to a new motor system, and in particular to constant-power brushless DC motor, which is effective in energy saving, has good characteristic of speed conversion from a low speed 10 a high speed, has no torque ripple, produces high power with a low voltage, has excellent stable speed characteristic and high efficiency, bas ‘compact configuration not to require a cooling system, and is able to be fabricated in full automation with low produc- tion cost BACKGROUND ART Aconventional DC motor has problems that its brush and ‘commutator are worn with the lapse of time, iis configura tion is complicated, and requires a high production cost, Especially, its dificult to obtain a high speed of above 6000 ‘pm sing & conventional power motor, With an AC inverter motor, its start torque is Weak, controller needs high cost, fand constant-power cannot be produced. Furthermore, & reluctance motor is inferior to other motors in terms of fabrication cost, size and weight, and does not. produce cconstant-power. In general a brushless DC. motor is widely used as a small-sized motor. However, it is difficult t0 fabricate the surface of permanent on which a rotor is se, its ccontcoller carries out four-quadrant contol, cequiring high cost, and constant-power eannot be produced. Moreover, the bbnishless DC motor cannot completely solve problems of | ‘nonuniform rotation, torque ripple and heat generation. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention is directed 10 a cconstant-power brushless DC motor that substantially obvi- ates one of more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art An object ofthe present invention is o provide a constant- power brushless DC motor, which has no torque ripple, produces high power with a low voltage, has excellent stable speed characteristic and high efficiency, has compact con- figuration uot to require a cooling system, and is able 10 be fabricated in full automation with low production cost. ‘To accomplish the object of the present invention, there is provided a constant-power brushless DC motor, including: a Stator which is wound in parallel by phases and polarities ‘and configueed of a multi-phases, each of the winding coils of the stator Which are not connected with one another is connected to each of n full H-bridges, n full H-bridges are connected to a DC power supply in parallel; a rotor having 4 predetermined aumber of polarities, which is required to concentrate magnetic flux on its area; a commutation encoder including sensing regions an nonsensing regions, the commutation encoder being exteenally set to one side of | the shaft of the rotor, and two photo sensors set to each phase, the two photo sensors being connected to half H-bridge of each phase, t turn oniofl the balf H-bridge, the distance between the sensing regions of the commutator encoder is determined to allow a phases among n phases to bee excited all the time, the a photo sensors recognizing the a phases excited. Its preferable that the stator has narrow slots to remove, cancel phenomenon. The number of phase among the n phases, which will be excited, is determined by the distance s “ 2 between the sensing regions, the distance between the sens- ing regions being determined through the following expression, distance between sensing regions~(2Tbxnumber of phases to be excited) (number of polarities of rolorxnumber of phases of motor) °) the number of sensing regions in the commutation encoder being determined through the following expression, umber of sensing regionse(aunber of polars of 10/2 the distance between the photo sensors on a sensor plate ‘being determined by the following expression, nance bemeen photo seasrseoioumbe fpoaes of 1t0ne number af ute of main () among the n pases, a phases being excited but b phases not being excited all the time. Itis preferable that b=1, } corresponding to the number of phases inexcited The constant-power brushless DC motor of the present invention, which has multiphases of 2, 3, 4,5, 6... phases, is configured of 1, 2, 3,4, 5,» @ phases excited and 1, 2,3, 4,5, ..., b phases inexeited, 10 alternate the excited phases and inexcited phases, being started and rotated. The rotor is configured of a permanent magnet, the stator is configured of independent winding in multi-phases, ‘and the commutation encoder is externally fixed to one side (of the shaft of the rotor to be rotated. The n phases include 2n sensors which are connected to the switching stage 10 Sense the location of the rotor, indicating the direction and interval of current, thereby starting and rotating the moter. ‘The siator, rotor, sensors and controller are constructed to be automaticaly fabricated, reducing the manufacture cost It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exem~ plary and explanatory and are intended © provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS “The accompanying drawings, which are included fo pro- vide « further understanding of the invention and are incor- porated in and constitute a part of this specification, ilustate ‘embodiments of he invention and together with he deserip- tion serve to explain the prineiples of the invention: In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a constant-power brushless DC motor according to the present invention; FIG. 2A illustrates the back of photo sensor of the ‘constant-power brushless DC motor according tothe present invention; FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the sensor of FIG. 2A, FIG. 3A illustrates cancel eliminated slots for removing the cancel phenomenon of magnetic lux of armature; FIG. 3B illustrates siator winding of S-phase 6-polarity motor, FIG. 44 illustrates 6-polarity inner rotor with bar perma. nent magnet inserted in laminated silicon (stel) plate FIG. 4B illustrates 16-polarty outer rotor with bar per- manent magnet inserted out of laminated silicon (steel) plate; FIG. 4C illustrates slip ring of 6-polarity electro-magnet rotorsUS 6,710,581 BL 3 HIG, $A illustrates deiving cireut of S-phase motor; FIG. SB illustrates that the commutation encoder and photo seasons of S-phase 6-polarity motor are set on the olor; FIG. 6 illustrates torque generated when three phases are excited in S-phase 6-polarily motor, FIG. 7A illustrates that the distance corresponding to three phases is advanced-commutated in 8-phase 6-polarity motor; FIG. 7B illustrates thatthe distance corresponding to five phases is advanced-commutated in S-phase 6-polarity motor; and HIG, 8 illustrates constant-power characteristic of the cconstaat-power brushless DC motor according tothe present invention, BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred ‘embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings ‘The configuration of the coastaat-power brushless DC motor according tothe present invention is explained below, Iis stator, configured of m phases, is connected to the electronic commutator in parallel, cach phase being inde~ pendeatly wound. The rotor configured of a permanent ‘magnet has a predetermined number of polarities of 2,4, 6, 8... to meet the design of the stator. The commutation tehcoder has 4 cylindrical shape constructed in such a manner that a ring-shape plate is mounted on the edge of a round- shape plate. The encoder includes a sensing region sensed by 4 photo sensor and nonsensing region, the sensing region being formed by cutting the ring-shape plate to excite (n-b) phases. That is, the sensing region allows a phases among the n phases to be excited all the time. With the photo sensor, each phase has two photo sensors which operate in accordance withthe commutation encoder. (One photo sensor and the other photo sensor of one phase are placed in the angle of space between polarities of the rotor, being separated from each other. The photo sensors of| each phase are sequentially arranged on the angle of space between phases, With the electronic commutator, exch coil having multi-phases is connected to a predetermined aumber of full H-bridge, corresponding to the numberof phases, and teach of the 1Wo photo seasors of each phase is connected to a half H-bridge. The electronic commutator and cach H-bridge ate connected to power supply in parallel. Accon- ing to the aforementioned coaiiguration, the preseat inven- tion accomplishes the constant-power brushless DC motor having continuous speed conversion and uniform efficiency. FIG, Lisa block diagram of the constaot-power brushless DC motor according to the present invention, which shows S-phase stator, rotor, commutation encoder and control encoder which construet the rotor (stator and rotor), con= twoller and power supply system. For open loop operation, the motor is controlled by only pulse width modulation control without employing the control encoder or control encoder logic. For closed loop operation, the control encoder, control encoder logic and input buler logic are compared with the pulse width modulation control logic, performing speed control or location control with pulse ‘width modulation. The motor is controlled by only pulse ‘width modulation without using variable frequency control fo vector conirol, resulting in easy control of motor and simple ciscuit configuration, » s 0 ss 4 FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the sensor of S-phase 6-polarity motor. The commutation encoder and coatrol encoder are externally fixed on one side of the shaft of the rotor placed outside the bracket on the back of the rotor, being rotated with the rotor, The sensor board on which the ‘photo sensors are placed is set on the circumference of the bracket, The sensor board is adjusted to be set to allow ‘advanced commutation. The conttol encoder is coasieucted in a manner that opeaings(or slots) are formed in desired portions of the ring-shape plate to allow the photo sensor 0 emit pulses, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A. Here, the size of| the teenches and partition angle between them depead on the characteristics of speed control or location control of the motor FIG. 3A illustrates the wrought silicon (steel) plate (or laminated plate) of S-phase G-polarity typed stator, con- structed in such a manner that nareow slots are formed between winding slots. FIG. 3B illustrates the winding ofthe S-phase 6-polarity stator, Each of five phases is indepen= dently wound in pacallel, being wound in parallel for each polarity, constructing the stator. FIG. 4A illustrates a ‘6-polarty permanent magnet rotor. Referring to FIG. 4A, 8 ‘bar type permaneat magne is inserted into laminated silicon (tee) plate which is combined with the dovetail type holder ‘of non-magnetic hub, constructing the rotor. FIG. 4B illus- trates the extemal rotor pan-cake type permanent magnet rotor, and FIG. 4C illustrates a slip ring type electromagnet FIGS. $A and SB illustrate the electronic commutator cireuit of S-phase 6-polarity motor. In configuration of the ‘commutation encoder, the number of sensing regions, that is, light emission recognition parts, is determined according 10 the following expression. ‘The sumer of sensing reginsrie number of poles of to? ‘Accordingly, the number of sensing regions inthe S-phase 6-polarity motor shown ia FIG. 8 corresponds to 3. The ‘width (angle of shaft) of sensing region is determined by the following expression. ‘The width of seming pion eumber of polasienemumber ‘of pine) name of phase oe xsd) ‘Accordingly withthe S-phase 6-polarty motor shown in, FIG. 8, only three phases are excited to make the angle of shaft of sensing region 36°. Referring to FIGS. $A and $B, PA, ,connected to OI and Q4 of half bridge whose one phase is excited and PA, connected to Q2 and Q3 of another half bridge whose one phase is excited are located at the same position of different polarities. Thus, when the circuit is clectrfied, PA, of one phase is located inthe sensing region to emit postive pulse, turing on half bridge OY and Q4 of FIG. $A. This make the coil electrlying, and the el looped by OI and Q4 isexeited. While the rotor rotates, turning-on interval of half bridge QU and QS i identical tothe width of ihe sensing region of the commutation encoder. That is, excitation interval of half bridge QL and O4 corresponds 10 shaft angle of 36°, ‘When the shaft angle is next 24° (60°-36°), PA; and PAs «are placed in nonsensing region, turning off Q1, Q4, Q2 and (03 of one-phase bal bridge. Then, PA; like as PA, turn on Q2 and Q3 according to rotation of the commutation encoder, 19 allow one phase to independently become electrified, starting the rotor. The photo sensorsare set on the sensor plate of FIG. $B, having interval of 211(number of polaritiesxmumber of phases) (") In FIG. SB, for example, {en photo sensors are arranged, having the interval of 12°US 6,710,581 BL 5 “The interval between two photo sensors of each phase corresponds to 211 (number of polarities of roter). Thus, the distance between PA, and PA, is 6. ‘As shown in FIGS. SA and SB, three phases are excited but two phases ate inexcited all the time in S-phase 6-polarity motor. Accordingly, excitation interval and inex- citation interval of each phase are determined by the fol- lowing expressions. Exstation angles (umber of eased phases\ (umber of reo exciton sgt umber of inex pes (aber of ies) C) ‘Thus, the excitation angle and inexcitation angle of each phase of FIG. § ate 108° and 72°, respectively. FIG, 6 shows pulse output of each photo sensor, direction of current input and delineation and interval of torque of Scphase 6-polarity motor. The coil becomes electrified with ‘current having the interval identical to the pulse transmitted by each photo sensor depending on the distance between the sensing regions of the commutation encoder, resulting in ‘generation of torque. Thus, square and partial current wave is inputted and power of Scheme of rectangular torque is ‘output, Accordingly, three phases are excited and two phases are inexcited all the time in S-phase 6-polarity motor shown in FIG. 5. Consequently, the sum total of torque corresponds to linear torque scheme. ‘As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the number of phases of the motor, which will be excited, depends on the distance between the sensing regions of the commutation encoder ‘The motor of the present invention solves all problems which occur in pole changing area, Specitially, the motor of the present iavention is constructed in a manner that more than one of multi-phases are not excited to produce advanced commutation, resulting in smooth high-speed rota- tioa, In the process of converting electric energy into mechani cal energy by the motor, timing that the stator coil is electrified to be excited 10 allow active-magnetic fux to generate magnetic motive force is delayed from timing that passive magnetic flux of rotor which rotates in high speed is ‘operated. Accordingly, advanced commutation is required to ‘make the timings coincide with each other. FIG. 7A illus- trates 8-phase 6-polarity motor in which only five phases are excited and the distance corresponding to three phases inexcited is advanced-commutated, FIG, 7B illustrates ‘S-phase 6-polarty motor in which three phases are excited and the distance corresponding to five phases inexcited is advanced-commutated. The motor of FIG. [Link] be rotated faster than the motor of FIG. 7B. Furthermore, in construction of very high-speed motor, the commutation encoder logic performs electronic combi ration changing for each photo seasor together with advanced photo seasor depending on microprocessor, per- forming gradual advanced commutation to meet a desired speed. HIG. 8 illustrates the relationship between torque and speed of the constant-power brushless DC motor. As shown in FIG. 8 the DC motor of the present invention has cconstani-power characteristic, Furthermore, the DC motor of the present invention has CW and CCW capability and bidirectional operation. That is, when the commutation encoder logic in FIGS. 1 and § performs electronic combi- ration changing for dual photo sensors included in each phase, the motor smoothly starts and rotates from forward direction to reverse direction or from reverse direction to Forward diectioa, When electronic combination changing of » s “ 0 6 phow sensor is carried out frequently within /1000 sec, bidiceetional operation is easily activated. The DC motor of the present invention also has linear motor function Specifically, ideal linar motor can be realized when the lator of motor is configueed of linear type and its rolor is, consructed to operate linearly ‘According to the preseat invention, narrow slot of the stator removes collision of magnetic Hux whieh is generated ‘when the coil of each phase is electrified, improving the efficiency ofthe motor. Thre i no curtent loss and uniform ‘lectification is carried out when the coil isin electrified, resulting in motoe without torque ripple and controller with stability. Furthermore, the stator is paallel-wound by phases tnd polarities to allow the motor Io produce a high power Wit a low voltage. The stator's parallel winding enables {ulomatic production of motor, reducing the cost and make ing mass production possible. ‘Moreover, since magnetic fx is concentrated onthe rotor seca, passive magnetic ux ofthe rotor corresponds to active magnetic ux of the stator, realizing high-power motor using permanent magnet rotor. The surface of the f0t0" Is machined t0 minimize empty space, improving the ef ciency of the motor. Because there is no limitation ia the numberof polarity, size, shape of the rotor, long drum type or pan-cake type motor can be designed tneestectedly for purposes. The rotor i assembled ino the motor 16 allow automatic production, reducing the cost and enabling mass production ‘Meanwhile, in commutation motors, motors using full sing wave or full square wave generate brake torque, back, clectromotive force(EMP, reactance (Inductive reactance 4nd capacitive reactance) and harmonic wave ia pole chang ing ates, so as to bring sbout icon loss and coppet loss in the motor, impacting the controller. Furthermore beat generates in the moto, fo require cooling system and deteriorate is efficiency. However, the motor ofthe present invention does not apply current fo the phase which is placed in pole changing area, 0 solve the above problems, eliminating necessity of eooling system and improving the ellicieney of motor ‘Moreover, partial square wave maximizes ems torque capacitance and peak torque value. Thus, the motor becomes compact aad its ellciency is improved. Furthermore, The conttoler does not requie cross fie prevention device, 10 Simpify its circuit with stability, improving relibility and reducing the cost. The magnetic fx densities and perme- ability ofthe stator and rotor ae identical hecause they are coniigured of the same materia, silicon stel plate. Thus, characteristic of relation between current and torque is perfec, and characteristic of relation between current and speed i also excellent. This allows the motor to produce onstant-power, resulting in uniform efficiency forall speed ranges. “The torque of conventional motor is sinusoidal torque scheme or trapezoidal torque scheme, causing torque ripple ‘The motor of the present invention applies partial square ‘wave 1 the winding eol of each phase, to allow each phase to wealize rectangular torque scheme, the total torgue becom- ing linear torque scheme. Accordingly, the motor according to the present invention has no torque ripple and smoothly stants and routes. Furthermore, with the constant-power Inrushless DC motor of the present invention, while b phases, among n phases are inexcited, advanced commutation is performed for the distance coreesponding to the b phases inexcited. Therefore, the present invention realizes the X-power motor having continuous speed conversion wm efficiency. The motor carries out electronicUS 6,710,581 BL 7 neutal commutation according to the microprocessor, t0 perform smooth CW-CCW conteol, bidirectional eoatrol with high speed, and smooth position control It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various, modifications and variations can be made in the constant- power -brushless DC motor of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe invention. Thus, it is intended that the preseat iavention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents ‘What is claimed is: 1. A constant-power brushless DC motor, comprising: 44 stator Wound in parallel by phases and polarities and configured of n multi-phases, each of the winding coils of the stator which are not connected with one another is connected to each of full H-bridges, n full Tbridges are connected 10 @ DC power supply ia parallel rotor having a predetermined number of polarities, » which is required to concentrate magnetic flux oa 2 excitation area; ‘4 commutation encoder including sensing regions and rnonscnsing regions, the commutation encoder being externally Set to one side ofthe shalt of the rotor; and two photo sensors set fo each phase, the wo photo sensors being connected 10 a half H-bridge of each phase, to switeh the balf H-bridge on and off, whereia the width of each of the sensing regions of the commutator encoder is determined to allow a phases among phases 10 be excited constantly, the corresponding photo sensors recognizing the a phases excited, ‘wherein the stator bas nartow slots to remove flux cancel phenomenon between every winding slot and 0 remove peak current between said excited phase and said inexeited phase, and ‘wherein the number of phases among the n phases, which will be excited, is determined by the distance between the sensing regions, the distance between the sensing, regions being determined through the following expression, ih of seasing egioase(2.0umber of piss to be et) (unter af plies of ages of pues mat) the number of sensing regions in the commutation ‘encoder being determined through the following expression, umber of sensing regons(oumber of plates of on, the distance between the photo sensors on a sensor plate being determined by the following expression, castane tecwees phon seasrse2a(amibe of poate of store sumber pasts of maton () among the m phases, phases being excited but b phases ‘ot being excited all the time 2. The motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein B21, b corresponding to the number of phases inexcited. 3. A constant power brushless DC motor comprising: 4 stator constituted by at least two phases, each of the phases having plurality of windings wound in a distributed, parallel, winding and being independently connected with the each H-bridge circuit of a power switching stage without inter-connection; s “ 0 ss 8 «olor rotatably coupled to sad stator and having an even plurality of permanent magnet poles, the motor having, Said permanent magnet rotor in which the magnetic artangement is radial to the shaft and integral to said rotor laminations, said rotor laminations having empty spaces between every cach magnet in said rotor, and 44 commutation encoder externally set to one side of the shaft of said rotor and having sensing regions and nonsensing regions, wherein the number of phases among the at least wo phases, which will be excited, is determined by the distance of each sensing region, wherein the distance of said sensing regions being determined by the following formula: 7 To pases 138 5 (ed pc, u23 + Ibex pases eaimber of pals Toe re 5) ass Be mumber of pas egress) the number of said sensing regions is determined by the folowing formula: photo sensors positioned operatively with said commuta- tion encoder and constituted s0 that two photo-sensors are provided with respect to each phase, each of said ‘photo-sensors ia the at least two phases being arranged, in turn, one by one at intervals of predetermined shalt angle So as to produce a positive pulse when registered with said sensing of said commutation encoder, and said interval in determined by the following formula: 2 1 Fe er af poles nthe re * the manera pa an electronic commutator constituted such that an Hebridge in connected across the windings of each phase of said stator, a half H-bridge of each phase being ‘connected to one pholo-sensor so that each phase is, provided with two photo-sensors so as to determine the ‘current direction according to the positive pulse of the photo-sensors, thereby flowing the alternating current of part-square wave through the windings to drive the motor, and an electric power source connected in parallel to each phase of said electronic commutator 4. The motor secording to claim 3 wherein Said stator has narrow slots adapted to eliminate flux ‘cancel phenomenon between every winding slot and 10 remove peak current between said excited phase and said inexeited phase, 5. The motor according to claim 1 wherein nobel, n corresponding 10 the number of phases, b ‘corresponding to the number of inexcited phases, 6. The motor secording to claim 3 wherein fsb=1, n corresponding 10 the number of phases, b corresponding to the number of inexcited phases. 7. The motor according to claim 3 wherein constant power 5. is delivered by the motor,