Meaning The word Administration is derived from two Latin word (ADMINISTER) ad means ‘to serve’ and minister means ‘to manage’. In simple word Public Administration refers to the process of implementing government policies, managing public resources, and delivering public services to citizens. It involves the coordination of various government agencies, departments, and officials to achieve public goals and objectives. Definition of public Administration by different political thinkers - Woodrow Wilson -: "Public Administration is a science that seeks efficiency and economy in the management of public affairs.” - Leonard White -"Public Administration is the process of executing public policies.” - Herbert Simon : ‘Public Administration is the pursuit of rational and efficient decisions in the management of public affairs.” - Fred Riggs: ‘Public Administration is the process of modernizing and developing governmental institutions.” - George Frederickson "Public Administration is the management of public affairs to achieve social justice and equity." scope of Public Administration: Public Administration is the process of implementing government policies and delivering public services. It works in different levels of government: 1. Central (federal) 2. State (provincial) 3. Local (municipal) Public Administration covers various sectors: 1. Health 2. Education 3. Safety 4. Infrastructure 5. Social services 6. Economic development7. Environment 8. Justice and security Public Administration involves: 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Directing 4. Controlling 5. Evaluating In short, Public Administration is about implementing government policies and delivering public services at different levels of government, covering various sectors and activities, to benefit citizens. Importance of Public Ad stration The importance of Public Administration lies in its role in: 1. Implementing government policies and programs 2. Delivering public services to citizens 3. Managing public resources (human, financial, material) 4. Promoting economic development and growth 5. Ensuring social justice and equity 6. Maintaining law and order 7. Providing public infrastructure (roads, bridges, utilities) 8. Supporting national security 9. Facilitating international relations and diplomacy 10. Encouraging citizen participation and engagement 11. Building trust and legitimacy in government 12. Addressing social and environmental challenges 13. Fostering innovation and improvement in governance 14. Ensuring accountability and transparency 15. Developing and implementing public policies Public Administration is crucial for: - Good governance - Economic growth and development - Social stability and cohesion - Environmental sustainability - Human well-being and quality of life Public Administration plays a important role in ensuring the effective functioning of government, delivering public services, and promoting the common good.public and private Administration Public Administration - Government-owned and controlled - Focuses on serving the public interest - Implements government policies and programs - Delivers public services (health, education, infrastructure) - Funded by taxes and public revenue - Emphasizes accountability, transparency, and equity - Examples: Government agencies, public schools, healthcare services Private Administration - Owned and controlled by private individuals or companies - Focuses on profit maximization and shareholder value - Provides goods and services for sale - Funded by private investment and revenue - Emphasizes efficiency, innovation, and competition - Examples: Private companies, corporations, non-profit organizations Key differences: - Ownership and control - Purpose and focus - Funding sources - Priorities and values In summary, Public Administration serves the public interest, while Private Administration focuses on private gain. New Public Administration and New Management New Public Administration (NPA) and New Public Management (NPM) are two related but distinct concepts: New Public Administration (NPA) - Emerged in the 1960s-70s - Focuses on social equity, citizen participation, and public service - Emphasizes: - Citizen involvement - Social justice - Humanistic values- Decentralization - Community empowerment - Critiques traditional bureaucracy and seeks to make administration more responsive and inclusive New Public Management (NPM) - Emerged in the 1980s-90s - Focuses on market-driven approaches, efficiency, and performance measurement - Emphasizes: - Privatization - Decentralization - Performance measurement - Competition - Customer satisfaction - Seeks to make administration more efficient, effective, and accountable through market- oriented reforms Key differences: - NPA focuses on social equity and citizen participation - NPM focuses on market-driven approaches and efficiency - NPA critiques traditional bureaucracy, while NPM seeks to reform it Both NPA and NPM aim to improve public administration, but they have distinct priorities and approaches.