What Is Kinematics Of Fluid?
Fluid Kinematics is the study of fluid in
motion where pressure forces are not
considered.
It is generally a continuous function in
space and time.
Lagrangian Method:-
Describes a defined mass (position,
velocity, acceleration, pressure,
temperature, etc.) as functions of
time.
Ex:- Track the location of a
migrating bird.
Eulerian Method :-
Describes the flow field
(velocity, acceleration, pressure,
temperature, etc.) as functions of
position and time.
Ex:- Count the birds passing a
particular location.
Types Of Fluid Flow:-
1) Steady & Unsteady Flows.
2) Uniform & Non-uniform Flows.
3) Laminar & Turbulent Flows.
4) Compressible & Incompressible Flows.
5) Rotational & Irrotational Flows.
6) One , Two & Three Dimensional
Flows.
Steady & Unsteady Flows:-
Steady Flows:-
In which the fluid Characteristics
Like velocity, pressure, density , etc.
At a Point do not change with time.
Unsteady Flow:-
In which the fluid
velocity , pressure
or density at a
point changes
with respect to
time.
Changing in time
Uniform & Non-uniform
Flow :-
Uniform Flow:-
In which the velocity at given time
does not change with respect to space
( length of direction of the flow ).
Non-Uniform
Flow:-
In which the
Changing in space
velocity at any
time changes with
respect to space.
Laminar Flow:-
in which the
fluid particles
move along well
defined paths or
stream line.
Fig. Laminar Flow
Turbulent Flow:-
fluid moves in very
irregular paths or zig
–zag Way.
efficient mixing.
velocity at a point
fluctuates.
Fig. Turbulent Flow
Compressible & Incompressible Flows:-
Compressible Flows:-
In which the density of the fluid changes
from point to point.
The density is not constant for the fluid.
Incompressible Flows:-
In which the density of fluid changes from point to
point.
the density is constant for the fluid.
Rotational & Irrotational Flows:-
Rotational Flows :-
In which the fluid particles while flowing
along stream lines, Also rotate about their
own axis.
Irrotational Flows:-
In which the fluid particles while flowing
along stream lines, do not rotate about their
own axis.
One , Two & Three Dimensional
Flows:-
One Dimensional Flow:-
In which the flow parameter
such as velocity is a function of
time and
one space co-ordinate only.
Two Dimensional Flows:-
In which the velocity is a
function of time and
two rectangular space
co-ordinates.
Three Dimensional Flows:-
In which the velocity is the
function of time and
Three mutually perpendicular
directions.
Flow Visualization:-
Flow Visualization is the visual examination of
flow-field features.
Important for both physical experiments and
Numerical Solutions.
Numerous Methods:-
1) Streamlines.
2) Pathlines.
3) Streaklines.
Streamline:-
A Streamline is a curve that is everywhere
tangent to the instantaneous local
velocity vector.
It has the direction of the velocity vector
at each point no. of flow across the streamline.
steady flow
streamlines are
fixed in space.
But, unsteady
flow
streamlines
moves. Fig. Streamline
Pathline:-
A Pathline is the actual path travelled
by an individual fluid particle over
some time period.
Same as the fluid particle's material
position vector .
And the path of a particle same as
Streamline for Steady Flow.
Fig. Pathline
Streakline:-
A streakline is the locus of fluid
particles that have passed sequentially
through a prescribed point in the flow.
Easy to generate in experiments like
dye in a water flow, or smoke in an
airflow.
And a tracer
injected
continuously into
a flow.
same as pathline
and streamline
for steady flow.
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