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Annexure-I

Title of the work

Summer Internship Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of

[Link] (Civil Engineering)

Submitted to

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

PHAGWARA, PUNJAB

From 02/06/2024 to 30/06/24

SUBMITTED BY

Name of student: Priyanshu Kumar

Registration Number:12214636
Section : C2201
Certificate
 Internship report

Declaration
I, PRIYANSHU KUMAR hereby declare that this internship report is prepared

and submitted by me under the guidance and supervision of my academic mentor,

Mr. Mukesh Ranjan. I want to express that I have successfully followed the

activities in the site and achieved my mission during the internship periods. In

addition, I had compiled this report according to writing guideline for an

internship attached by university industry linkage and community services

(UILCS), office of the institute.

Finally, I can assure that the report contains all the events and procedures that I

observed and performed during the internship periods.

 Internship report

Acknowledgment
First and foremost, I would like to express my profound gratitude to the Almighty
God for His continuous blessings, guidance, and strength that have enabled me to
successfully complete this internship report and project.

I extend my sincere and deepest appreciation to Mr. Mukesh Ranjan and the entire
team at M/S Mukesh Ranjan Constructor for their invaluable support throughout
my internship. Their willingness to share their knowledge, patiently answer my
questions, and guide me through both site and office work was instrumental in my
learning experience.

Lastly, I would like to thank Lovely Professional University of Engineering and

Technology for their dedicated efforts in organizing and delivering such a crucial
and enriching program. Their commitment to providing practical opportunities for
students has greatly contributed to my professional development.
 Internship report

Report on Summer Internship at M/S Mukesh Ranjan Constructor,

Dasuya, Punjab
This report presents an overview of the practical knowledge and skills I acquired
during my summer internship at M/S Mukesh Ranjan Constructor, Dasuya,
Punjab. It also highlights the value added to my professional development and the
new brand insights I gained through the continuous support of my supervisor.

The report begins with a detailed profile of the company, including its history,
objectives, vision, mission, core products or services, and the overall
organizational structure. This background provides context for understanding the
environment in which I worked.

Following this, I provide a comprehensive account of my internship experience.

This includes a description of the tasks I performed, both on-site and in the office,
as well as the significant observations and insights I gained throughout the
process. From the moment I joined the company, I encountered various challenges,
which I addressed through proactive measures. These experiences are discussed in
detail, covering the full scope of activities related to the construction of
superstructures.

I also reflect on the skills and knowledge I developed during the internship, which
I believe will be invaluable in my future career. These include practical skills,
theoretical knowledge, teamwork, interpersonal communication, work ethics,
leadership, and entrepreneurship. Each of these aspects is discussed in depth, with
a focus on how they have contributed to my growth.

Finally, the report concludes with my reflections on the overall internship

experience and the performance of the company. I also provide recommendations
for both the company and the university, which I believe will be crucial for their
continued success.
 Internship report

Table of content
Declaration ............................................................................................................................. i
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. ii
Executive summary .............................................................................................................. iii
Table of content.................................................................................................................... iv
List of tables .......................................................................................................................... v
List of figures ....................................................................................................................... vi
Abbreviation........................................................................................................................ vii
1. BACKGROUND OF HOSTING COMPANY ................................................................ 1
1.1. History of MRC ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2. Vision ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.3. Mission ................................................................................................................... 1
1.4. Strategic directions.................................................................................................. 1
1.5. Main products and services of MRC......................................................................... 2
1.6. Main customers or the end users of MRC ................................................................ 2
1.7. Overall organization and workflow .......................................................................... 4
2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ..................................................................... 5
2.1. How I get into the company .................................................................................... 5
2.2. The section that I had been working in .................................................................... 5
2.3. Work tasks I have been executing............................................................................ 8
2.4. The procedure I followed while performing my tasks ............................................ 25
2.5. Qualities I have been in performing my work tasks. ............................................... 26
2.6. Challenges faced me while performing work task .................................................. 26
2.7. Measures I took to overcome my challenge........................................................... 27
3. OVER ALL BENEFITS THAT I HAVE GAINED FROM THIS INTERNSHIP PROGRAM 28
3.1. Practical skills ........................................................................................................ 28
3.2. Theoretical Knowledge .......................................................................................... 28
3.3. Interpersonal Communication Skill ........................................................................ 29
3.4. Team Playing Skill .................................................................................................. 29
3.5. Leadership Skill ..................................................................................................... 29
3.6. Work Ethics Issues ................................................................................................. 29
3.7. Entrepreneurship skill............................................................................................ 30
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 31
RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................................................... 32
REFERENCE ...................................................................................................................... 33
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................... 34
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List of tables
Table 1-removing period of formwork for structures ........................................ 15
Table 2-moment distribution ............................................................................ 20
Table 3-different grades of concrete used in our site ........................................ 23

Abbreviation
1. BC ................... Building Contractor.
2. GC… ............... General Contractor.
3. MRC ..................... Mukesh Ranjan Constructor
4. EBCS ..Ethiopian Building Codes and Standards.
5. ANRS ........ Amhara National Regional State.
6. C30… Concrete grade having compressive strength of 30Mpa.
7. ETB: Ethiopian birr.
8. L*W*D: Length*Width*Depth.
9. Mpa: mega Pascal.
10. RC: Reinforced concrete.
11. UIL: University industry linkage.
12. Φ: Diameter.
13. [Link] 1bag cement, 2 volume of sand, 3 volume of aggregate.

Internship report

BACKGROUND OF HOSTING COMPANY

 1.1. History of MRC Enterprise

MRC, where quality meets precision and skilled hands work with dedication, is a
name synonymous with trust, diligence, and agility. It stands as one of the leading
civil construction companies in North India.

Established in 1991, Mukesh Ranjan Contractors (MRC) has specialized in

constructing aesthetically pleasing and functionally sound structures for both the
public and private sectors. As a firm believer in modernism and excellence, MRC
has positioned itself as a key player in India's construction industry, delivering
futuristic solutions equipped with state-of-the-art facilities. Our commitment to
innovation and excellence has enabled us to accomplish several noteworthy
projects, including multi-story bus terminals, large hospitals, high-profile schools,
universities, auditoriums, and bridges. Our success is driven by a team of
experienced engineers, contractors, and administrators who bring extensive
expertise to each project.

With a strong foundation and a commitment to growth, MRC aspires to be the first
choice for construction projects in the region. We are recognized as one of the
most trusted construction companies in Chandigarh, consistently delivering quality
and meeting project deadlines. Our capabilities span a wide range of civil
construction work, supported by state-of-the-art infrastructure and advanced
machinery, always in sync with the latest technology. Our success is reflected in
our portfolio of blue-chip clients, including renowned public institutions and
private sector companies. Among the top construction companies in India, MRC
boasts an impeccable track record of repeat business from respected clients.

With 27 years of experience, we have built a legacy characterized by strength,

innovation, and unwavering principles. MRC is technically proficient and
intellectually advanced, positioning ourselves as curators of the future.

1.2. Vision

Our vision is to become one of the top building construction enterprises in East
Africa by 2025.

1.3. Mission

Our mission is to build and deliver high-quality, cost-effective construction

projects on schedule for our clients. We aim to produce construction materials and
apply cutting-edge technologies while contributing to the sustainable development
of the sector.

1.4. Strategic Directions

To achieve our mission, MRC has outlined the following strategic directions:

 Establishing an efficient organizational structure and identifying potential areas for

investment.
 Maintaining technical and managerial competence.
 Enhancing employee knowledge and skills.
 Promoting and implementing the KAIZEN philosophy in material management.
 Building trust and confidence among the public and with state administration.
 Gaining full access to information on local and global development trends.
 Creating a work environment free of rent-seeking attitudes and practices.

1.2. Main Products and Services of MRC Enterprise

Between 2006 and 2012, MRC successfully completed over 836 condominium
buildings ranging from G+2 to G+4. These projects have significantly alleviated
housing problems for 20,093 people. Additionally, MRC has constructed
various types of buildings, from G+0 to G+7, across different towns for diverse
purposes.
MRC Enterprise provides the following services:
 General Contracting Services
 Consulting Services
 Construction Management Services
Figure 1 100 bed hospital.
 Production and Sales of Agro-Stone Technology-Based Products
(Including partition walls, roof ceilings, doors, windows, skirts, etc.)
 Production of Aggregates of Various Sizes
(Including sizes 00, 01, and 02)
 Production of Hollow Cement Blocks of Various Sizes
 Construction Material Testing Services
(Including HCB tests, aggregate tests, silt content tests)
 Machinery and Vehicle Rental Services
1.3. Main Customers or End Users of MRC Enterprise
 Since its establishment as a housing development project office in 2006, MRC
has undertaken several contract agreements with a total value exceeding 3
billion Birr, all of which have been completed and delivered to their end users
or clients. Some of the key customers include:
 Residents in Various Towns: MRC has constructed 836 condominiums of
five different typologies, ranging from G+2 to G+4, across 12 towns in the
region.

Figure 2 Punsup Office Building, Hosirapur

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1.2. Main Products and Services of MRC

Enterprise
Between 2006 and 2012, MRC successfully completed
over 836 condominium buildings ranging from G+2 to
G+4. These projects have significantly alleviated housing
problems for 20,093 people. Additionally, MRC has
constructed various types of buildings, from G+0 to G+7,
across different towns for diverse purposes.
MRC Enterprise provides the following services:
 General Contracting Services Figure 3 Multi-Skill Development Center

 Consulting Services
 Construction Management Services
 Production and Sales of Agro-Stone Technology-
Based Products
(Including partition walls, roof ceilings, doors,
windows, skirts, etc.)
 Production of Aggregates of Various Sizes
(Including sizes 00, 01, and 02)
 Production of Hollow Cement Blocks of Various
Sizes
 Machinery and Vehicle Rental Services
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Overall organization and work flow

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1. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

1.1. How I get into the company
The university offers an internship program designed to provide students with practical, hands-
on experience. Prior to beginning our internships, we received a comprehensive orientation
from the internship coordinators and our department head.

To secure my internship, I submitted the company-sending letter provided by the University

Industry Linkage (UIL) officer to the company’s office. The project manager promptly and
positively accepted my request to work as an intern with the company.

I chose to work with this company for two key reasons. First, the company is located in my
hometown, Debre Markos, which made it a convenient choice. Second, the company is well-
organized, offering me the opportunity to learn a great deal from experienced engineers and
other staff members.

2.2. The Section Where I Worked

During my internship at MRC, specifically on the Gojjam Cultural Center Auditorium

building project, there were two main working sections: the office and the site. Although I
didn’t have a specific job title, I was actively involved in various aspects of the company’s
operations, particularly on-site. To enhance and develop my practical skills, I spent most of
my time at the construction site.

I worked alongside the consultant and site supervisor, gaining valuable experience both in the
office and on-site. My responsibilities were not limited to site visits and practical job
understanding; I also engaged in tasks such as quantity takeoffs and preparing bar schedules
for the Gojjam Cultural Auditorium building project.

Ladder Safety
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Project Manager

The Project Manager is responsible for overseeing and controlling all activities within a given
project. Every department involved in the construction project is accountable to the Project
Manager. It is mandatory for each department to submit reports detailing work executed, along
with work plans and schedules, on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis.

Key responsibilities of a Project Manager include, but are not limited to:

 Monitoring Work Progress: Continuously tracking the progress of ongoing work.

 Predictive Analysis and Mitigation: Analyzing the anticipated work progress,
identifying potential challenges, and preparing appropriate mitigation strategies.
 Subcontractor Agreements: Preparing and finalizing agreements with subcontractors.
 Reviewing Financial Documents: Examining takeoff sheets and payment certificates,
and requesting payments for completed work.
 Report Evaluation: Reviewing reports produced by the office engineer.
 Schedule and Material Review: Evaluating reports, schedules, and material requests
submitted by the construction engineer.
 Subcontractor Payment Validation: Validating payments to subcontractors.
 Material Approval and Ordering: Approving material requests and coordinating with
project administration to order necessary materials.

Site Engineer

The Site Engineer plays a crucial role in the construction process, being the closest to the
actual site work. This individual provides clarification and guidance for on-site activities. A
Site Engineer is typically assigned to a specific site within a construction project, particularly
when multiple sites are involved, and works closely with the construction crew.

Some of the key responsibilities of a Site Engineer include:

 Supervision of Site Activities: Overseeing excavation, bar bending, formwork

installation, and concrete casting work.
 Collaboration with Construction Crew: Working closely with the General Foreman
and the construction crew to ensure smooth operations.
 Report Preparation: Organizing and preparing weekly and monthly reports.
 Verification of Work: Verifying and preparing takeoff sheets for work that has been
executed.
 Subcontractor Payment Oversight: Checking and correcting subcontractor payment
certificates.
 Material Quantification and Request: Quantifying and requesting materials needed
for upcoming work.
Construction Sites Equipment
Office Engineer
One of the primary responsibilities of the Office Engineer is to report on the costs and
benefits generated by the company. The Office Engineer is involved in several key
activities, including:
 Financial Reporting: Organizing and preparing financial reports and tracking financial
progress.
 Payment Certificate Preparation: Preparing payment certificates for completed work.
 Cost Analysis: Analyzing and preparing direct cost reports.
 Expense Computation: Calculating weekly and monthly expenses related to:
o Labor
o Machinery and equipment
o Materials
 Preparation of Working Drawings: Creating detailed working drawings for project
execution.
 Redesign Work: Conducting limited redesign work to verify the accuracy of the
original drawings provided by the consulting agent.
 Data Compilation and Reporting: Compiling and reporting data collected by Data
Collectors and Quantity Surveyors.
Administrator
In most construction companies, the role of Project Administrator is crucial. This
individual is responsible for managing the financial activities and overseeing the
construction material store. Key responsibilities of the Administrator include:
 Payment Processing: Issuing approved payments.
 Material Procurement: Purchasing materials approved and requested by the
construction head.
 Wage Distribution: Paying wages to daily labor workers.
 Site Store Management: Administering the site store and ensuring proper inventory
control.
 Equipment Maintenance: Managing the maintenance shop and supervising personnel
involved in equipment upkeep.
General Foreman
The General Foreman plays a vital role in monitoring site activities and works closely
with the Site Engineer. This person is essential in interpreting project design drawings
and guiding the construction crew to achieve the desired results. Key activities
performed by the General Foreman include:
 Project Drawing Interpretation: Understanding and interpreting various project
design drawings, including:
o Structural drawings
o Electrical drawings
o Sanitary drawings
 Architectural Drawings: Interpreting and understanding architectural plans.

 Guiding Construction Personnel: Providing direction to the Chief Carpenter,

Gang Chief, Mason, Electrician, and laborers.

 Monitoring and Follow-Up:

o Bar bending, reinforcement assembly, and arrangement

o Excavation works

o Formwork installation

o Electric conduit laying

o Concrete casting, etc.

 Reporting: Reporting site challenges and discussing them with the Site
Engineer.

Data Collector

The Data Collector is responsible for gathering project work data. This includes
daily records of work executed, subcontractor work quantities, materials on-site,
and the number of construction crew members with their respective titles. The
collected data is then reported and submitted to the Office Engineer for report
preparation and documentation purposes.

Key responsibilities of the Data Collector include:

 Daily Activity Collection: Gathering data on daily work activities, including

material usage, labor, machinery, and the time taken for each task.

 Cost Analysis Preparation: Collaborating with the Site Engineer to prepare

cost analysis for all activities in accordance with the construction schedule.

 Takeoff Sheet Preparation: Preparing takeoff sheets for material and work
quantities.

 Site Diary Maintenance: Documenting daily activities and maintaining a site

diary.
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[Link]. Preparation of Work Plan/Method Statement

The method statement is prepared before the commencement of construction and is developed
by the Project Manager and the Site Engineer. Construction work method statements are
crucial for ensuring the safe execution of building works that meet the client's performance
requirements. This technical document outlines the process of creating a method statement and
provides guidance on its appropriate structure and content. The method statement addresses
key aspects such as safety, quality, and logistics (including human resources, equipment, and
materials) for each work activity.

[Link]. Preparation of Work Methodology

The work methodology is a part of the method statement and is specified in accordance with
the contract documents. As the technical specification serves as a guideline for executing
construction activities, the work is performed in alignment with the Bill of Quantities (BOQ).
Below is a sample work methodology for the placement of reinforcement bars that I observed
in the office and executed on-site:

 Preparing the Bar Schedule: Organizing the reinforcement details according to the bar
schedule.
 Preparing Reinforcement: Cutting and bending reinforcement bars as per the bar
schedule.
 Placing the Reinforcement: Positioning the reinforcement bars inside the formwork.
 Polishing the Reinforcement: Cleaning the reinforcement bars to remove any rust
before concreting.

[Link]. Preparation of Takeoff Sheet

The preparation of a takeoff sheet involves measuring or scaling dimensions from drawings
and recording all dimensions in a clear and understandable format. These special formats are
referred to as "Takeoff Sheets" or "Dimension Papers."

Takeoff Sheet Format:

 Column 1: This column is used to state the number of times an item occurs and is
known as the "timesing column." A forward slash follows the unitless number,
indicating "times."
 Column 2: Known as the "dimension column," this is where the dimensions of the
items of work are entered. Dimensions are recorded in the order of Length, Width,
Height
 Internship report

 Column 3: Known as the "squaring column," where the dimensions listed in Column 2
are multiplied to determine the quantity of work, which could be measured in meters
(m), square meters (m²), cubic meters (m³), pieces (pcs.), or numbers (No.).
 Column 4: Referred to as the "description column," this is where a brief description of
the work item corresponding to the squaring column is provided.

[Link]. Preparation of Bar Schedule

A separate sheet, known as the "Bar Schedule," is used to document the quantities of
reinforcement bars. This schedule provides detailed information on the size, shape, and
quantity of reinforcement needed for the construction project.

Figure 9: Bar Schedule Format

[Link]. Preparation of Bill of Quantities

The Bill of Quantities (BOQ) is a document that lists short descriptions of the specifications
along with their measuring units, quantities, and unit prices. This format is used to calculate
the total cost for each trade or item involved in the project.

Figure 10: Bill of Quantities Format

[Link]. Preparing Cost Breakdown

The cost breakdown is used to estimate the direct costs associated with labour, equipment, and
materials. This detailed breakdown helps in determining the overall cost of the project by
providing a clear understanding of where expenses are allocated.
Preparation of grand summary
This format is the total summary that select from the total quantity at each work item.

Preparation of payment certificate

Payment certificates should be prepared on official formats. And should be
signed by the supervisor, consultant, client, and the contractor.

Figure 13 sample payment certificate

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[Link]. Preparation of site diary

A site diary is also known as construction log or site journal or company log.
Have the following advantages:
 Identify the number of labor.
 Identify the shortage of material.
 Identify the shortage of labor.
 Identify waste time in day-to-day activities by different reasons.
[Link]. Some documents stored in the office:
 One copy of the contract agreement.
 One set of approved drawings.
 One set of approved bill of quantities and specifications.
 One copy of General Conditions of contract.
 One set of approved Ethiopian standards, and BS.
1.1.2. Site work
When I came to this site the construction work of the substructures are almost
finished only I have seen the grade beam from sub structure and at the super
structure I have seen the following structures and work executing at the site. Like
beam, column, slab, staircase, shear wall (lift), hunched beam etc...
[Link]. Formwork
Formwork is a temporary structural element, designed and erected to safely
supporting vertical and lateral load of fluid concrete until the concrete sets and
support self and other applied loads on the structure.
One should always remember that these works should be constructed in such a
way that removal of formwork can be done easily as planned.
In our site, we use three types of formworks as listed below:
 Steel formwork: used for circular columns and other circular structure.
 Plywood: we use plywood for casting of shear wall structure in the site.
 Wooden formwork: we use this for all rectangular and square structure

of the site (footing pad, foundation columns, grade beams… ).

Formwork for beams:
The carpenters prepare all the material then began their work
with fixing the timber PONTE AND SPONDA (site term)
 Internship report
Formwork for columns:
Generally, the formwork construction held for the elevation and foundation
column as a whole. To construct these columns the first step was standing the
reinforcement bars. The length, number of the bars and amount of stirrups were

taken from the detail drawing of the plan.

Figure 15 -column formwork construction

The construction was began from the base which is called KRACHARI (in
ordinary word) used as fixing in the position of the preceding stages. And
members called GANCHO (in ordinary word) used as tying the eucalyptus on the
floor during construction, those GANCHO will be cut after finishing our work
even if they serve as stirrup for common house construction they are wastage in
such projects like.
Slab formwork:
Slab formwork is installed using props commonly called Cristi. The props are
mainly used for the purpose of supporting the Soffit formwork. They are erected
so that they could have consistent height and form a level surface for laying the
bottom formwork of the slab, commonly called Fondo.
Figure 17-flat slab formwork
 Internship report

Slab formwork and beams formworks are usually built up together. In addition to
that, they are casted at same time. These formworks basically consists bottom
soffit and side formwork, commonly known as Sponda. In my company, I
observed flat slab formwork and concrete casting.
Stair formwork:
Firs erect eucalyptus and set formwork by
take caring the inclination of the stair. Setting
the reinforcement as per the drawing and fix
the riser formwork. Take car the formwork at
the landing for remove pin connection of the
concrete by adding the
length of the going.
Figure 18-stair formwork

Techniques that we should taking care while preparing formwork:

 Horizontal alignment: - to maintain columns position and to avoid torsion

effect. Checked by LIGNA (in ordinary word) (see figure 19).

 Vertical alignment: - to check columns slope and to avoid eccentric

moment they used plumb bob(TUMBI) to saw the alignment was

correct(see figure 18).
 Opening: - at top of the formwork there is an opening used for pouring and

vibrating of the concrete. We fill the concrete to a depth of 1.5 m from total
column height 3.00 m of elevation column in order to avoid segregation.
Spacer: - are provided for face of column as concrete cover (see figure 20).
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Removal period of formwork:

Structure Removal time
Vertical formwork to columns, walls and 16 hours
beams
Soffit formwork to slab, stair 21 days
Proposed to slabs 14 days
Soffit formwork to beams 21 days
Proposed to beams 14 days

Table 1-removing period of formwork for structures

[Link]. Scaffolding
Scaffolding is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials
to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all
of man made structures. Scaffolding supports formwork and other structures
(such as precast girders). These are: Christy:
Christy made as long as the story height from floor slab to the beam of the next
floor, it support the soffit form work of the beam & distribute the load coming
from the beam to the lower floor slab, it was fixed with a horizontal structure call
it “mager ”.
Ponty:
Ponty are structures which support the soffit formwork of slab temporarily &
distribute the load coming from slab.

Figure 22 false works

[Link]. Beam
A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily
by resisting bending moment, shear and torsion effect. Beams generally carry
vertical gravitational forces
 Internship report

but can also be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e. loads due to an earthquake or
wind). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls, or girders,
which then transfer the force to adjacent structural compression members.
Beam reinforcement:
Generally, there are three types of reinforcement in beam namely negative,
positive and stirrups reinforcement.
Positive bars: These kinds of bars are mainly used to resist the positive moment.
This moment is mostly developed at the mid span on the beams and these positive
bars are placed at the mid span.
Negative bars: These are bars used to resist negative moment. Most of the time
they are found at the support of the beams. They are placed on 1/3 of span length
from the center of the column to top, where bending moment is maximum.
Stirrups: There is bars that placed to provide diagonal shear resistance it‟ called
“stafa” (site term). The spacing of stirrups near the support is closer than the span
since there is a high shear force up to one-third of the beam and maximum at “d”
distance from the center of the beam column connection. The main purpose of
stirrup in beam is to resist the diagonal shear faller or to resist the continuous
diagonal crack of beam.

Figure 23-position of beam reinforcements

Lapping should be fulfill the following criteria as EN standard:

 Laps between bars should normally be staggered and not located in

areas of high moments/forces.

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 The clear distance between lapped bars should not be greater than 4Φ or

50 mm, otherwise the lap length should be increased by a length equal to

the clear space where it exceeds 4Φ or 50 mm;
 The longitudinal distance between two adjacent laps should not be less than

0,3 times the lap length, l0;

 In case of adjacent laps, the clear distance between adjacent bars should not be less
than
2Φ or 20 mm.

[Link]. Column
A column is a vertical structural member transmitting axial compression loads
with or without moments. Column support mainly vertical loads from the floors
and roof and transmit these loads to the foundation. Usually column is called
compression member, because the compression forces or stresses dominate their
behavior. In addition, most columns are subjected to moment as well as axial load.
The bending action may produce tensile forces over a part of the cross section.
Any building structure loads increase as we go down to the ground and so bottom
structural members are properly configured that they carry all super structural
loads above it and transfer safely to the foundation. Hence the sections of columns
in upper stores are reduced as they have to carry lesser loads. But center lines of
columns must coincide accurately for various columns of different stores.
Each column diameter, reinforcement etc. is not the same. Their reinforcement
size and length are vary this is because of load variability.
Longitudinal (main) bars:-secured to starter bars projecting from the column
Internship report
or foundation below. It works with the concrete to carry the compressive loads
and they resist the tensile stresses.

Links (ties) stirrups: - these are wrapped around the vertical bar to prevent
buckling and the definition as beam for shear failure prevention.

How to check vertical and horizontal alignment of column:

The Forman check the column before and after the formwork is casted.
Before concrete is placed, vertical and horizontal alignment should be checked.
The horizontal alignment of column is checked by measuring distance from
alignment rope to formwork by using the center-to-center distance from the
drawing.
The vertical alignment of column is checked by plum bob.
1. Extend plum bob (TUMBI) from tip to down ward
2. After a plum bob (TUMBI) is arrest; measure the distance at top, middle and

bottom part between end point of form work and plum bob. Then, if the measured
distance at every point is equal, we say that the column is vertically aligned
As we discussed above the lap length of column is 40Φ mm as per EBCS.
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[Link]. Stair
step (where the foot rests) is termed tread and the vertical projection of the step
(i.e., the vertical distance between two neighboring steps) is called riser.
Reinforcement bar for stair:
Proper detailing of the longitudinal bars is required at the junction of the flight
and landing slab. The bottom bars in the waist slab should not be continued to
the bottom of the upper landing slab at the reentrant corner, but extended to the
top of the landing slab. This is to prevent the bars (in tension) from breaking out
at reentrant corners.

[Link]. Slab
Slabs are structural part of a building that transmit load acting on it normal to
their plane and then to beam. It is widely used for firm floors and roof of the
building. Their aim is to provide a level surface capable of supporting the
occupants of a building, equipment’s, furniture’s and sometimes-internal
partitions. . They are supported by either beams or walls or directly by columns.
Solid slab:
It is a type of slab, which has beams mostly have higher thickness than the slab.
In the site this slab has a thickness of 15 cm.
Tension loads on the slab resisted by providing positive and negative reinforcement.
Positive reinforcement should be at the bottom in longitudinal and transversal
direction of the span. Field moment reaches quickly to the long span length than
the short span length.

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Short length bars have a tendency of bending than long length bars that is why
short bars are put at the bottom.
Top reinforcement used to resist negative moment. If the span was at the edge,
the top reinforcement bends L/3 of its span length serves as negative(for support
moment) reinforcement.

Flat slab:
As we saw in the class and the science of flat slab have two portions to transfer
loads from slab to directly to the column with or without drop panels and/or
column head by using,
 Column strip.
 Middle strip.
Therefore, I will write and indicate in the following form when l saw in the site.
In addition, l will try to compare the fieldwork and the paper work.
Flat slabs have support moment and field or span moment. The support moments
are negative but the span moment are positive moment. However, these two
moments are distribute through column and middle strip of the slab. The
distribution of moments are shown below in the table.
Moment Column strip Middle strip
At the support 75% 25%
At the span 55% 45%

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The rebar found in column strip transfer/carry moments approximately 55% of

the total positive moment. Lx/4m in both side of the center of the column.
Middle strip reinforcement of the carry approximately 45% of the total
positive moment. Lx/4m in both side of the center of the column.

[Link]. Shear wall

Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system; they can
resist forces directed along the length of the wall. Shear wall is very important for
the structure to have sufficient strength against vertical loads together with
adequate stiffness to resist lateral forces.

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[Link]. Expansion joint

Expansion joint is used to:
 To prevent failure of the building; when using expansion joint the failure

of some parts of the block is not affect the adjacent block.

 To maintain the building easily when the part of the building is fail

accidentally or finished its life time, it is possible to maintain only the

failure part of the building or block without the effect of the adjacent
buildings or blocks.
 To protect differential settlement; the settlement of one block is no or less

effect for the other block.

[Link]. Concrete work

Concrete work is obtained by mixing aggregate, cement, sand and water.
Properties of concrete depends on:
 The amount and type of cement
 The amount of fine and coarse aggregate (aggregate gradation)
 Water to cement ratio
 Curing of concrete and
 Temperature and humidity during mixing, transporting, and placing
First, we have to check the following ingredients before we start mixing the concrete:
Cement:
Cement is used as a binder between sand and the coarse aggregate. The binding
ability depends on the type of cement used and the water-cement ratio. Cement
should be stored separately from other items and should be protected from
contact of moisture. For a particular project type of cement should be selected.
Ordinary Portland Cement or Pozolonic Portland Cement are different types of
cement Company Brands. In the site we have been working the type of
cement used are: Derban Cement (the one mostly used), East Cement, and
Muger Cement. Aggregate and sand:
Consists of naturally occurring sand, and basaltic stone gravel. Aggregate used in
cement should be clean, hard, sharp and durable. Moreover, have to be free from
excessive dust and harmful material like iron, mica, shale.
Each grade of crushed gravel is stored separately in well drained and in a place
which prevent any possibility of intermixing.
Sand is used to avoid the presence of voids, which prevent segregation, and it
reduces the amount of cement that would have been used.
Water:
Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in the
chemical reaction with cement. Water has two advantages in concrete mix. This
are it reacts chemically with cement and it lubricates all other materials and makes
the concrete workable.
In this section we will see about mix proportion of concrete, mixing of concrete,
transportation, conveying, placing of concrete, curing of concrete, and other
related topics about concrete work.
Mix proportions:
The mix proportion is different for different construction part of the building. It
is essential to produce appropriate mix design using the proposed proportion or
trial mixes and tests to achieve the required strength.
In our site the mix is proportioned by using a gauge box, manufactured from
plywood with dimensions 40 * 50cm, the depth varies depending on the grade of
concrete. For example, for C25 the depth is 20cm and for C30, 18cm. However,
the mix ratio remains the same [Link] (1 cement to 2 Sand to 3 aggregate) because
the depth balance the grade of concrete.
Concrete class mix- ratio Box dimension(cm)
C-5 [Link] 20*40*50
C-25 [Link] 20*40*50
C-30 [Link] 18*40*50
Table 3-different grades of concrete used in our site

Mixing of concrete:
The concrete is mixed in our site using an efficient automatic mechanical mixer and by
hand. The concrete mixing procedure is:
 Water is poured to the mix drum to wash away all unnecessary materials in it.

 Cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate added according to specific grade of

concrete.

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 poured efficiently into position around reinforcement and will produce a dense
concrete of specific strength.
 The mixing process is stopped when the cement is thoroughly distributed

throughout the mass.

 The concrete will not be discharged from the mixer unless it is properly

mixed, having a uniform color and consistency. The amount of water is

adjusted by trial and error and based on experience as described
previousl
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Transporting, conveying, and placing of concrete:

Means transport the ready mixed concrete from the mixer to the working place,
and this depends on the size of the job, depth below ground level or height
above the ground level at which the concrete is to be placed & the quick
transportation of concrete is essential In our site we use Chutes for
underground construction such as footing pad and manual transportation of
concrete (barilla, The transport of concrete had been conveying using a barilla,
which is made from corrugated iron sheet and eucalyptus. Two people have
involved in carrying the barilla.) for foundation columns, grade beam, columns,
and other construction works, and manual transportation for above ground
construction.
The transport of concrete had been conveying using a barilla, which is made from
corrugated iron sheet and eucalyptus. Two people have involved in carrying the

barilla.
Figure 31- Concrete transporting using barilla and chute

Placing of concrete:
It refers to casting of the concrete on its final position and thus ensures proper
distribution of concrete in the structure; Concrete must be placed in position as
soon after mixing as possible and before too stiff to work.
The important points to be noted in placing concrete are the following:
 Inside of form work should be inspected.
 Check for the proper positioning of spacers and reinforcement.
 Choose the right equipment for the concrete.

 It should be thoroughly compacted in position in layers.

  Avoid excessive horizontal movement.
 Maintain sufficient placement capacity.

Compacting of concrete:
Compaction is the shaking or vibrating of the concrete to liquefy it and expel any
trapped air. Compaction must be done as concrete is placed, while it is still plastic.
Never let concrete dry out and stiffen because it will be too difficult to compact.
Properly compacted concrete is more dense, strong and durable.
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Curing of concrete:
Curing is the operation of maintaining humidity and temperature of freshly placed concrete to
assure satisfactory hydration of cement and proper hardening of the concrete or to keep
concrete moist for some time (3 - 7 days). By keeping concrete, moist the bond between the
paste and the aggregates gets stronger.
1.1. The procedure I followed while performing my tasks
First, when they told me to handle a particular task, I try to ask everything that is unclear for
me to execute that task. Then I go through with the work and try to finish the work within the
time they gave me. The office Engineer takes and sees all the works I have done. He checks
and corrects me if there is an error with my work. After this, he tells me the correct way to
handle the task. For example in quantity surveying or when I prepare take off sheets, I try to
explain or describe all necessary steps that has to be followed for every items of works as per
specification and bill of quantities.
I try to follow the easiest and short methodology in order to qualify different tasks in
understandable manner when the other person sees it.
I need to work each and every task by myself unless I didn’t understand it well. Additionally I
want to execute any type of work independently, accurately and with the required speed.
After I have finished my office works, I want to see activities that are under going on site.
Because as a training taker I have to observe and participate both in office and site in order to
develop my theoretical as well as practical skills.
Whenever, when I perform site works, I followed the following procedure:
 First, I follow safety procedure; I wear helmet and safety shoes.
 I enter in to the site and write all the activities done on a sheet of paper.
 I observe or I ask how I do the work and participate on working well.
 When I get to the site in the morning, I take the floor plan and check the work done.
For instance if the work scheduled for the previous night was concrete casting I
check if the concrete casting is stopped at 1/3 from a major structure.
 Then I check the finished work by referring the plan. E.g. if the finished task is
reinforcement work of the column, I check the quantity and check the proper
orientation of bars and its diameter. If the finished work is formwork of the column,
I check horizontal and vertical alignments of column by using the bubble (plumb
bob) and so on….
 . Internship report

Plannig And Descision With Team

 Internship report

1.2. Qualities I have been in performing my work tasks.

To tell you the truth, I try to complete any tasks that are expected from me within
specified time. Especially I was focus on the accuracy of works and in finishing
them quickly. I independently go through with the work without need of much
assistance.
Apart from the work, I assist my staff members by sharing ideas with them and I
have given a good service in different offices with good communication with my
staff members.
Polite way of treating everybody in the site as well as in the office is crucial thing
in order to have a good link of work with all stakeholders of the company.
Because of this, I make a smooth relationship with all of my staff members to
avoid interruption of workflow. In addition, I developed a good work ethics
during this period. Like punctuality, reliability, professionalism, accuracy and so
on…
1.3. Challenges faced me while performing work task
It is know that every work needs strong motivation to participate and perform it.
When I enter to the company I assumed that everything run smoothly. After I
enter, the company there is no direct and smooth way to run in any direction.
Generally, the challenges that is facing me in 4-months internship program were look like
this:
The challenge I have faced while I am working is lack of allocating
(distribution) of works to the practicing students like me regularly. As a
trainer, they have to arrange continuous works to the practicing students
in order to train us in all aspects of construction sector. In addition, they
have to control our performance and punctuality throughout the training.
 Weather condition made me not to easily perform my tasks.
 Communication with the site worker with site knowledge.
 Less accessible transport service in the morning.
 The lack of theoretical concept about office work.
 The lack of knowledge in quantity survey.
 The design of the project was very complex and difficult to

understand easily in internship or in student stage.

 Internship report
1.4. Measures I took to overcome my challenges
Throughout the training, I try to fix my obstacles within my own talent and skill
because these challenges make me stronger and increase my technical skill. I try
to adopt the culture, belief and general life style of the site community.
Here some of the methods I took in order to solve those problems:
 When there is no task is available for me, I try to cooperatively work with

the quantity surveyor and data collector. Within these measures, I try to use
my training time effectively as per expected.
 I asked the site engineer to prepare for us the working space out of the site.
 Ask Forman and engineers to understand the complex drawing and get

more information.
 Wear strong and good quality construction safety shoes.
Generally, the working progress of this internship program was so exciting and
full of challenging. Those challenging also made some body to know the work
follow method. Since any kinds of construction was full of problems and those
problems should be solved.
Therefore, I can say that these follow methods made me to develop my
knowledge and experience in skills.

1. OVER ALL BENEFITS THAT I HAVE GAINED

FROM THIS INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
For something that takes inputs there is something in return, a benefit. In my
internship too, there were some benefits those are gained accordingly. While I
was working in Amhara Building Works Construction Enterprise on Gojjam
Cultural Center Auditorium Building hall for a specific location in Deber Markos
town in general I have gained the following important and interesting benefits.
1.1. Practical skills
When I started working in the company something was new for me. I had only
the theoretical Knowledge of the works. It was really fascinating and inspiring to
see and experience the lessons we have been learning for the past four years. So
I tried to experience and learn every work as much as I can. I tried to learn

every aspects of the work both technical and nontechnical terms. From our
internship time in Amhara Building Works Construction Enterprise on Gojjam
Cultural Center Auditorium Building, I deserve high practical skill in site and
office work. Some Practical skills I gained in the company are listed below;
 Reade real design and drawing with its specifications.
 Preparing bill of quantity for construction work
 Where negative bars are placed.
 How flat slabs are constructed.
 How formworks are braced for columns (using plumb bob i.e. for vertical alignment)
 How slab & beam formwork prepared
 How & when scaffoldings are erected and removed.
 Concrete work such as mixing, Casting, transporting, and curing of

concrete for different construction and other practical skill.

1.2. Theoretical Knowledge
Since the practice depends first on theory, it was easy to correspond with each
other. It is not very challenging to change the theory into practice. Theoretical
knowledge is dependable on principles, logic and calculations. It is interesting
when the theoretical knowledge & the practice meet exactly as you wanted to.
In my internship time I have gained so many, theoretical knowledge’s in
addition to practical Skills. Since I work in the site and office sections of the
company, some of the theoretical knowledge learn and read is applied
effectively. And these help me to exercise and understand in unforgettable way
because I was done some site and office work by my selves.

1.1. Interpersonal Communication Skill

Interpersonal communication is a way of communication that a person have with
other people Who might have contact with. Meeting with the staffs was a little
tough. Then after time has passed I let my selves to them by reasonably talking
on issues those are related to the office work. Then step by-step when I got into
the work, there comes the opportunity to communicate on work related talks.
The other relation we involved was with internees who were come from different
universities with different backgrounds. The First week of our meeting, it
possessed a great effort for nice interaction because of background, hobby and
other similar things. Our relation developed with days and we investigate common
friends.
 1.1. Team Playing Skill
Team playing skill is a skill of a person to work with other people co-operatively.
This skill was developed easily and rapidly. It begins when we were in campus.
Some assignments given were done in groups. This helps us to handle different
characters of the persons we worked with.
Our work tasks need lot of cooperation and communication with one another
especially in site work section because site works need high degree of
coordination with accuracy. In each and every tasks contribution of every
individuals adds a value for the best output. While we were doing this different
tasks, ideas where rose and there were arguments between us.
1.2. Leadership Skill
Leadership is a skill to guide, control and monitor peoples. In our internship
time in ABWC Enterprise on Gojjam Cultural Center Auditorium Building
Project different works help us to Improve and exercise my leadership ability.
Leading a work came with responsibility. And the works give responsibility of
performing different site works and work bill of quantity with other peoples.
These highly contribute to the process of improving my leadership skill.
1.1. Work Ethics Issues
Punctuality: - arriving on time at work was necessary since it was part of my job.
In any part of Work punctuality is directly related with accuracy, correctness and
finally with result of test. Being not punctual means reporting incorrect result, this
is because most of office works are related with time, and arriving on time in all
part of project is must to have accurate and correct result. All this helped me to
understand how punctuality is important in work place.
Responsibility: - I have taken responsibility to the jobs I were doing and the
equipment’s. Responsibility in our work place was important work Ethics,
because I was responsible for all tasks I perform. This helped me to understand
the importance of responsibility.
Office disciplines: - in work place, I do not have to disturb the working
atmosphere. For example, Abstain from opening loud voice, loud music, songs
and things, which disturb other worker’s working mood.
Cooperation: - Each worker should interact and cooperate with each other while
working. That is because it is through such system problems could be easily
solved, which facilitate the workflow in the company.

1.2. Entrepreneurship skill

By now in our country, construction is the leading business relative to other new
business. Since our country is developing country the country need different more
civil facilities to become developed country, which need high participation of
construction technology and management parties starting from, design up to
finishing construction. Construction needs high investment, which delivers high
profit for both contractor and client. We saw and hear different construction related
problems. Understanding this make me to think more about being Entrepreneur
and we saw different construction firms, which work together with Amhara
Building Works Construction Enterprise.
At last but not least, now a days Entrepreneurship is significant issue in worldwide
because of increasing number of literate manpower. I observed that there are
many job opportunities in the construction sector, if someone takes contracts or
sub–contracts. This shows someone can be successful in generating income for
him/herself and has job opportunities for people for instance some of the sub-
sectors such as carpentry, electrician, Reinforcement works (bar bender), sanitary
work and etc… in the construction work.
CONCLUSION
From the past internship time I conclude the following based on practical
and theoretical knowledge that gained from my internship time:
In my internship period I got the chance to improve both my theoretical
and practical knowledge When I stay in the site I was learned how to
communicate with the site workers. I Believed that the skills gained from the
internship will actually help me for my future career, because I was familiar
with the skills, which are essential in the working environment. More supports
me to learn the different hierarchs of the projects. During these past internship
time, I have been able to see the different theoretical and practical aspects,
methodologies. I have been fulfilling our curiosity in learning practically
building construction well in this internship program.
Generally, the internship program creates a vital role in our four years theoretical
lessons. The internship program connects me to the real construction works and
made me to hold a vital confidence.
 Internship report

RECOMMENDATION
From my internship time, I recommended the following regarding to Hosting
Company, college of engineering and technology and university industry linkage
respectively.
For Hosting Company:
During the last my intern time I could observe different hard working activities
in the site. However, there are some points to be recommended, because those
activities have negative impact on construction industry.
 Avoid or decrease delay preparations of drawing and delay delivery of drawing.
 Prepare or full fill safety tolls and materials in the site or in office for

engineer and daily labor.

 Mark or paint accidental place in the site such as deep hole, edge of building
structure…
 Care should be taken when handling, casting and placing the concrete
 Take consecutive attendance for internship student come from different
organization
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REFERENCE
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. Company documents containing organizational structure and brief history.
4. Others related internship reports.
5. Building construction handouts.
6. Construction materials handouts.
7. Reinforced concrete structure I & II handouts.
8. Oral information.
 Internship report

APPENDIX
Armata: concrete.
Buhaka: mix of cement and water.
Senkelo: which is used for transport of the concrete and other materials.
Riga: is leveled wood/steel, which is used to level concrete during casting and
as supporter in formwork
Mero: is like bar used to chisel the concrete and as a peg.
Crista: is a vertical member made up of wooden or steel material, which is used
to support the structural formwork
Fondo: it is a panel used to under beam or bottom formwork.
Sponda: it is a side/depth formwork of beams, which helps to keep the
dimensions of the beam. Cracher: It is a wooden strut used to support column
formwork or panels.
Penci: is `panel but is small in size which is used to fill the small opening in
form work. Tumbi: This is used to check verticality alignments of column
formwork and used in masonry works ̸ plumbing bobs
Mefas: is flat tool used level the concrete during casting.
Barela: This is wooden supported flat plate used to transport concrete works
like cement, aggregate, sand etc.
Kebalato: for guiding bar space in the slab for top and bottom reinforcement