IPE 401 (Machine Tools)
Lecture – 05
Hydraulic Drive System
Hydraulic Drive System
The function of a pump is to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy
Used pressurized oil to transmit energy
Hydraulic Drive System
Higher the viscosity index, better the oil
Thinner the oil higher the leakage problem but lower energy loss in pipelines and
valves
Viscosity index 90 is most suited
Other fluid properties:
Compressibility
Stable chemical composition
Low moisture content
Low coefficient of thermal expansion
Low air inclusion
Hydraulic Drive System
Advantages:
Relatively small (e.g. aeronautical industry)
Simple and smooth speed reversion (e.g. Grinding m/c table)
Infinitely variable speed and feed
Programmed control and overload protection
Self lubricating effect
Disadvantages:
High production cost
Leakage reduces the efficiency
Not easy to repair
Hydraulic Pumps Classification
Gear Pump
Direction of the delivery depends on rotation
Having two three or more gears
Oil fills up the tooth gap and is squeezed out of the tooth gap
Backlash, a clearance between mating gear teeth, is built into speed
reducers to let the gears mesh without binding and to provide space for
a film of lubricating oil between the teeth.
Having no backlash and good fitting minimize leakage
Rough running caused by sealing of tooth gap during meshing
Quieter running attained by helical and herringbone gear
Gear Pump(External & Internal)
Gear Pump(External)
Screw Pump
Pump all types of fluids and slurries
Consists of 2,3 or 5 right and left hand threaded shafts
Oil moves in the axial direction
No turbulence because of no squeezing of oil
Well balanced and noiseless
long service life.
They have low volumetric and mechanical efficiencies.
Manufacturing cost of precision screw is high.
Vane Pump
Rotor having a fixed axis placed eccentrically
Vanes reciprocate along radial slots
Increase of space between two successive vanes cause suction
Oil squeezed out due to decrease of space between vanes
Distance between the inlet and outlet of the pump should cover at least
two vanes to avoid direct communication between suction and delivery
Volume of supply depends on eccentricity
Vane Pump
Advantages:
They are light in weight and compact.
Volumetric and overall efficiencies are high.
Discharge is less sensitive to changes in viscosity and pressure variations
Their vanes are self-compensating for wear and vanes can be replaced
easily.
Limitations:
Vanes are subjected to side wise thrust. High accuracy required to
manufacture
Frictional loss (Efficiency= 0.7-0.75)
They are not suitable for abrasive liquids.
Thank You.
