Module-1 Sets eb NS A flindamental cLiscreie Situorose ae QU Ober SCENE SHUM Cure Wut - Ses Oe Used to group obcols Foperner. 2g AFOUP oF AU studlens endied jsor pra course forms ser OeHeN bu) Not MOO au | he Ob sCan Ir wn o sey have similar prope mies Tre Jang Us e Qs SE iS A Means fo Stuoty Such conesHons in an organ zoo} _ashion. tale wie — QCA _ to denste that O 1s an Clement B se a. : oe * There are several Way, ro descrine a Sek = V= $0, 6 c,d3 V isa sey thab ; contains elements 0,6, c,d. - This Lacy On Te PreEENtalion Cottedl O wosler rel fc Jo, 2, Alexa, pein} Vs also Se e Another 00044 5 Aeoed bing Q® ser is sek bulder NotatHon 1 : O= Je | eis an Odal We inteyes less tnan lo} to describe =——— Inle_aigen use ser builder notaxiod “sors ubhen tr 1S inmpossible to list qt Qlemerts, .———T_T 5 crosed taewal TL) open inter yah _______—~ ® sels can have ote Seb O> members» ; Sx: TN. Z, zt} The conceph 95 KGtQMaURYRE in Compuler SU ENE IS but! Upon te concept a9 0 Ser. . Dh pagnanay dasa pPe 1S A Name Gy ser, tOger ; with sei oy OPeraHos thal can be peBformed on objech boom +h sel: . 3 boolean is the NOME on tre Sex FOF FORE with Operators 09 OMe or more elements 9 this § uch 02 AND, OR, and Not, © Two SEAS axe Qual if andl ony 15. Hey have Clemens. Nok thal Order o, elemeut doesd! mare | here _ : fy Se 12,37 ond ser T2315 ve equal__———_—_—— Néle also +< here than one i} has No elements: fh 1s Aso Wty rset and is denotes! oy >. The empty ser can ' aso be cenctesl oy {T. eq The se oy OU xVe integers grearer nan r Hhoe square tg-the nu sere ~ “ + siperonsset - Aset With one Sement- are ¢ and TO} +tre_same sears & d is an empy set = Ze contents ee [dois a singieron seh = Non corm converts ——— nology to remenser o> > 4 emery boldet with 90 29/5 Widen yas” - ee 2 [0] aA pide vi VATA: Subpololee EQuow seys ses A and Boe equal —___—— ade +e fo owin4 saurology, ae: (HEA? LEB) : @ Note = Don't worty abort paurology ve will Stuory this iq mode S ) : , Ge A 1S Subset gy B atensteo} @® Subse OR 0 SEF by ACB PoDvs ded ae et (xen > X€RB) isa raaoleggy ‘einadintueesee toe people ving “ Ms oes Sue seh SO op Peaple ving To Lncba. The every nan emply ser'S is guaran to have clea Hun SUSE ne “empl see ng) +e ser sg! } seb . © Pooper Susser = When ue Wish fo emphostee tai 5 Ser aA neValeuselata sy B but that A#B ue Wie ACB bhatrs A 1's Proper Subse aT B That means thet is at leon! one elerneut in Q thas is not present 9 A: Me: (LEA xeBIA Fy: (yeB Arg days 4 010d FO log et. # coronal o5 0 set # corcinowiy of a set's’ is 4 Den sted oo LISle9 papvided here oure:"!. elements in S : here Ps a nm neganve integer, Ts thee ose ‘0! Oustintk Clements n° Whee “NI NTN NEFA VE i mveger UR say thar ‘s' 15 4 Hole set and tha 'n ica Cart ndtiy of Ss 4 Lie ndo0 at : Gitesf \ Page Neo betes)! Involve Vesting GU corauinanent 95> Hoey Sod tehy Sonne fre npewt foe power Ger Oy S16 Wye ce Tot power ser bse TG He set's! denareal ay PCS). . ( TpTSD Sel oR Guy Suse op a ater van sq__binal 1s _the ower Ser 2% 8 f SFO aI = 1G, £03,07, F2, OG, $098 that, ~ £2,335 Note tnak empty ser & He sex issersy ore ~ memners q5 His Ser ay Swesers, IIhO+ 1s Power Ser oy the empty set % ~ The empty set han - enact One Subser NOmey - jtsers. @ PCOD= TO HOH Vs Singuton ser TPCIOID = TO Tat] gc F493 Toy c 195 6 ison ernply Se that WHO NO aremends FO} is a Ng wION ser _WhiCn har Only ore eremear Sitkrs oe enpry ser hey: e | Ths Carcinat's rae) Gat Se SUSnut : Po d \s\=o ne ! aaa > 2? y —_| 1% Corina oy power serpy S= 27 ; \ — i ae@ _Tnrerseorion operanor | i Drkergearean set A an serR IS ¢ i ANB, is tye sor containing +o: bots Aana B a HL Tun sets oe caved disjoint ib these 1 Oeeor _— Is Hre_ernply set - __ 2g, Az fra, 33 eo: 34,5, 6% s > ANas gd 2 AQd.R We Lsioint 4 POO ple og inclusior~ ox clusiod [Aug |= JAlsigy= [Anap [ATs 18) couns Bement? oF A not presen ing yp exaary One OF Crerments og B® net In A_ex od fy CoUNS He elemen pace id bo AD ext bowen JANG) court iemerts presen, \n born A LB ecasr | ONC, - Jo we subroo JANA] boom JA) + ny| Foge Ne a L_Di bier ence operon The _cbberenca a “he _ Ob’bberenco_ is Oso couLtes| | = mn plerneus a DB with repect to A “ recneut a, 7 A-B = [xl xEead x fat p v - ) |S e5 a 3 A= $3.59 e= [2,3 | A-6: [5] _ 8. Complement :- bet Ule te universal cok. Tre Compement 4 the ser A Gercied oy K SS He _Cornplemeut ay A Lite 6 cook FO Ue 3 Complement ay A is U-A A= faye [xeu[= Faq ES | TOARTA JA-8 = ANR = ereoseDominator laws SUE SEW And =A Z _ _® AuvA=zA _ Loaempoems lau 5 ANA ZA Z ; oo ie) Complementation lao. © ALS = BOA _ Commuted ve \aros _ AN® = BOA \ | ~ T _@O__Av(Bucd =Wusve § * Assocarie lava, IAN(aNCD =(ANB AC d [AN (Buc) = ANB) UCANE> Distribute law, AUCBNC?=CADDA CAved oO ROA = 0 Compemert laws * ANA =6 H Ome any to prove we seb at gual ts ro she shal each 15 He Susser GY the other. iPoge Ne Bote: SCl_ Se IS SWoSe) ay Other B © es pes pve Ane © avs To pPoeve need to Prove ly X © AAR Hen it mus also be in AVR ie xe ROB. Ler x < Ang - Ln Da SE ANB = bY ComPemead la arusing desn BF !Ore rseohon | we CaN come a paeposiHon © ~(Ce_ EAA (KEB)) 1s ue =. =uCX EA) V V(LERD - DE Movjan's IQ 49 _ = (efAdor(x #5) - ves? D neganon. 6) = we or 2EBR - DEG | Sk COMPEMEnt «J, es 2 EA or eR = KE (AUB) Deg? DUNO Rusi Ava S (AAMBD — _ > pelo this by snowing a Hen Jb roust ato bee 19 a) Ww | } CAN ~(% eA or XE BD _8Y des? D es SRR DED = Hem ov x eB : - = x fA or x ¢R -usiyg den DOMMEmeut 6) Suet 9 080 - Maparer (* 4) =~ ( Cxer) ARESB)) - Dew megan lau 7 is S = ~ (€EANSD) ~_ deg gy IO\erseart09 5 = xe (ANB? Tris Shows CAv6) = AAR @ same iden Proved using ser buiider noah 8 ANB a fie EANBT = compement oles? x = 2 = Pt Le (LE CANBIN ~ deg ap Aonnet be ] = fx] (XEAAXEB) J OE A nverseoHo? TJ pemarany Tae Meal (OCEAD VIC ( Sine| | Pra ~ 2%. | 434 See Gpe | Poge No (Poauel— T tee me ee boas 7 dag ov pe TRV AEA FBT leona bere? fo Simos Te TXT EA yreB | compemod clogn = Yel ce CASI = dept union, = Avge — Rus Ce Genera 20al unions anol _intersechons + = Gecane unions & intersections a Sets satisky Associative la®, the ses AnBnc I ALUBUEC ae weu _degined. Here : ANBAC = (Ama) NC = ANCBNCD le. order doesent mane AvuBuc = CAuUR)UC = AUC BUC) © wHi0n HK a colleaHoN oF O Cohesion ay sets is +he set +ho contouns those elements that are members of Ob least one sek in He collearon- Ay URe VAs ----0An = UJ Ar ty @ sim\lanpyy | = n AiNRaNAz---—-NAn= NA | ce [Those rakanony indicate gereraueed unions and _lotersesrions“tn nat naz -—--- 3 = An. from ale 34 --—th por t-12,3---~ © a VAL =U023,4---U = Wits] oF te! t= { | Set AU positive integers. 2 a f TAA= Ajhe zy, Oy eT T, + a Chetkranacomputer Fepre sentation Dp se - ———eenc —— - There cue Various (oa) fo store the elernente <8 es : _ One LA IS to Store Ve Clemente ay sehin —_—— “enoratered bachion, | Howewer WS We store 10 thie doy OPerakens Suen on \nteraeation, unton Upper” a on set Would be Hime COnSUM! NA be Cone Ih requis a Large omou oy searching oY elemeuhs, @ We Will present a methool gor storing ctemente 7 wing On Areihrary ordering oF the ‘elements op bee Uunwersal Sek. THIS Way Meier compubotions bt easy -_Assuse not Me universal set is pintle C ancl Ish i) Computer mer id First epeoy 07 arbitray erclering of arements Op VU: 24 a2 ----an th) Represent a SWwoserA OF U With bit Shing Op _lengtn =n Whee ji bib In tns srigg rs 41 ib Of berongs Fo A QO} a8 cloesnst. beso 40 A i V29N 2, 3 4 6 67 8,9 105 D_oxdering is [ncreasing TY A ts Supset a) DU Contam) OU all tnteert | Az 1',3,5 4% 93 bitsmy bor A = 1O1OholOlO lune oR AY au even \ntexey HD on | B= OVOlOlolo) 0 dinesPage No, bate: 1p BD The ser oy cil imvegers 19 UV NAh NOON Oca gop - Cc bryy1 90000 - _bik@ise OR operanon on bit ShANS —___€q. ters covmare A UB E 6 using it shingy Union can be pound vary ‘3 oo —— ee — ma — @ cateulate subse 9) U ORK an) Semen ac QAeaber ON @c_espeed bo S~ _ UE Aleeoiy have OG Har cOnaIAS OM elem legs bnan or equal ho © “— Le vo Sim pla yolee. Complement FR Coe Gee tre solurion — C= ViVi, ao0o0o00 GC= ©9080 0011181 + | | Complernens 1S oblasnes! by Simp repiacs _Os With Je ‘ “s | @. Sin lon (ner secHio® Can %K Coucutated by bikwise ANP Operanon - \ \ | | 4 Shrikruoathe Ser combaning those Clorerals ener in Bbw nat oH A and. B a | A®B Avg) -AAB) A@B= CA-BIVG-AD PrGcHce Guesions b tAthou is Carounow'y, 5 Lew soy - fo} De a {tail > 4 pd id. tai}: 2 uy Fo, fat 1o,Tat yy > S os {¢3 = @1 oO @ = o a) 16,56) [6 tei > 3 A o. _Find pover ses oy each oy tne BOD seh» © fa} ~ fo ‘ait @ fo,o3- f 4,403 103, fans] & 10,501}. 1b,185 ae to rTa a Hoo many Clements does a0 q He boi Mesnard, seas have~ Where _Arand bb are _oUshact elements ‘a PCO,» fas) > oF = 8 . ae Dot - $b, Lob fast} fat Tes Tlastd fast _l $4, SQ, bi} Pe fas \ Shrikruna:__ A hen “e) PCO,0, fay FsatZ) > et = 16 © pcrcg rs a PCO = 14% ~— Sialeror ser PC PCa) 2 — 3_Hovo_ many cuyerend elerrenss dow A > Shy AxB KC Z CAKE x C AxBxre ts CQ, biC) Ordeeol Kple Whee QEA, LEB Lcec Whee s 15 ~— Case gy CAXBKCR Oroereol bple C5), 0) @hex Co,b) © AABL cee g. PrOVE Derno~egars jad AUB = ANG > lnte tan_shoe lay _€a0n side swe ser 5 © thee Lys AUB Lei we CAR) + of (AMR) eta ypwwés Lek AXED ee(ROABY _=Ry || eheikrunao Ai = : me Ao Z? au we imejon NA = 13 te QM Aiz to oh = Av = $0, 13 Ag ~f 0,23 - To, 3% = i Day: (0.01 --) @ ta o mN A= 103 [ ct A Are CO.) atts pe se 9 an Ae its oC Mee ; [AS CO, 1) OK KEI Ca) 7 Az. CO, 2) © SX<2 in ~__ || Ab? Co. 32 0 <%X<2 a . : —_ A2- [o, 6} — a Ag = [T>. 2) - ~— : i 5 = a VA = (1, 0d in — t= as _ _ o OA. o a - BS Tey T — oo w= _—@__Find Ua 3 NA ber Bey tre integer. t=) c= _ a Ais f-t,-let =A ot ee aD” ~ Arz F-10613 _ [aaNet ESE _ Ags F-3,-2, 40, 1, 2,55 ~ o a UA = [-%, --0o-T veal 3 Z ‘ Shrikrupa ~ _ _ aaPage No Date: ff © U_Ai = f-« ~3,-4,-1, 4, .% 3 =) wea eee eS oo Na = 9 us O Ais [t,t] thot ts tre ser oy veal : Numba L With HXoRG-l sese Ave (4,27 Ag: [72 2 “ Aa: [-3. 37 _ - UA = R : (=r e - OA = Cy set au rat value Lg 19 Lo We =- car od _ Hay is He 82h ay EO Fam, : L with £71 oe i) ee Laas [2, 0) eas a Cs, 2) | 1 __ -Page No. Date a Engtand London _ Legare casio The elements oy rsh & Sesord colwnn ave - related, - ~ CounHien and their capitals g._How to PAGER MNO COUN fnverprele the Fabie % A! Set o5 cOURME In the World Bi St HF GHe 19 be World Axo = fos) | ae A, beBy Here tere i's NO’ deginod elation beeen Q, and _b, - Tre cartesian padduct ts gyi sienply au possivie COM bINAHO® 3 ‘Orderest pe + Ca» - Ti oO Subset rae The Subset _conrens! ony pod ca») | Seb tha, @ + courte’ . : 1] bos correspon yy capirat. | The Some concep} CA be extencleof jor moe Hor one sek - || ehefiersme —Page No ———————— ————— A fo tay coe ve have to tuce Ax dx 2% Retarions inary relanons - - Ler A and p are HYD Sers CHesol nal be aoiyeres — A binary relation R br AtoB is a "SUbse— — 4 _— Ax - Corder matters) —— - Notanons : — ¥ ORE? i’ COLD CR i xogb Sik Cane¢R : - a wo A felaHon can le derind fworn o Set to ise, ~ A=7'2,3,43 ond n= S@5)- WA de REAKA: R= TO 2), G27, 0.8), (049 (2,2), 4) . C33), C454) t+ How mane binary relanons Possl bie from At B2” —— eee ne kal ; [yoy YW ; tapers [glen | Shrikrupa 7~ . ~ Tf corcunatiy a s 1 pre [| PCS) = Every relanor fom A to is Wish eck oe Page No. bate: 77 SUP ser oF AXB mre acd tyes # Subsets MH. AxXQ= Q° TAT : | H HOW bo represeut binagy relaHons 2a @ Marx representation > A boclean Marx gy site MAN: whet Mm Is Hee Number og wements in SehA LM 1e He Number os Clements 1n sere T8415 represented o> Mp | Maliid= 4 ib Grey eR Le ET oma B= fa, bT [ fe R= f (0.9), (0,4) C4,4), (2.6) Sis 9 relation 520™M Ato Be PaPoge No.:__ rear! orb an kaa 80 a How many rerarions Pp be ansuered| Om Now Many CUShAch MOn ca, a Po ssibie _F Direcieal gr “op repre Sentai = - _Graph ss a colleston Fy Nett ces t ree - Vesrex sor 2 1 Or, 42---am, bi, b2--~ bal} - Direwed edge som aj ro) V5 CA, DER ~ oO _ a Q Py rected) Qraph os previo. _ ~ ! Ne exam pie _ oo = a 2 ~ * Relations 09 A ser al RelaHons of O Se A tO itseis Que 3 speca) ~ yeregt « . > ~ @ A relation On a SOA fs @ relaton boom Ath ~ in Otner Doror © Felakion on ser A ts a suse — . OD AXA: ~ =f'2,3, S sg to A= “3 ~ R=. [Ca,6) fa avide by at > R= FO.19, 6,29, O73), Chad, (2,27, 0) | . | C33, 5 4S . — eeePage No. Date: 71 ome FelaH OAS On soL inteners 40-2 = {can jas ei : ~ Raat te my [eset oo Ras [lab 10> bor Web} - - Rye § Cay) a=} Which ¢ the the_relanons aS GaP ener ae 3p Ch re iS Preentio | R., Ra Raq va 2 (12) is Pree tn R ond Re 3) (21) te Present in Re, Re and Re ay CD vs Pree in RS, Re, Re = 6) (2,2) iS Pret in Re Ry R4 9 Find total Dumber ay relanons posside on a sep binile ser > Relation on a ser A is SU_SEE an AXA: > Teka) number os sive ‘elements in Axk = Dre |Al =n. > Total # reianons possive - of #_PrOPperties gs Rolahons Hf — There ase severa) properhe SS\K On Q seh Lo'sorre relakions an Clerreut j¢ aways relapeof fo esas D/ Revewre relanon A relation \ relation Rion cer ATs —_ coed FER Core Ve in 0.0) €or cea Clemo , ae | ShekrinaRé Deter 7 fon C1.299,99, (2,29, €3,4), F fOr, C429, Ca194 estisety $109,007, Oh 0), 219, (2.29, (837 CaN” Reg = F219, CHD, C3.27, C4417, 06427, C434 F819, Cer, C897, C1049, €2,27, 39, CG C403 oO C3423 —_— _ _— ret Rak Re at résiewve- LS te “divides” elation on He set oy" posyg > \olegen repexive 2° 7 beroe Q| OA whenerer Q 15 +e \oenen, re "divides: rélarion is reserve. ~ ANH SYMTERNC 7 Po Some relaHons On sera Js _relateol fo _o sevord erement Vs ard only if We _seconel element 18 Gno reloded FO Lin Inn} A relation Ron O sek A _guch thon por ay OG, bEA , ib CAD ER Hen Geb i's canard Onis ymenerde 5? symmemc_ A relator Ron sex As o symmersc is Oi/sy (b,A) ER: Lwonenener CO1K ICR jsor an arb ' + IMP The relation \s'Symmemic if and only ik a fs related +6 be Implyes Enak b Is relateol tO a, @ A relakon ts ON' gymemeric. Ns anol ont ty there of NO PITS J USANA Rlements Q and b Wily “A’ __ | Shrikrupa.Page No. = Date: / i — felakel te | to (6 and “6 > eelareot to 0, Tm 46 - ony weg to Nove ‘a’ relate! to" ond "6 related YO 0 is ber ‘a “and: et a tbe sarse Clernonks The ems symm &@ ani syrnmene ae nop opposes becare a 09 Can have bath a ~ phene Properes ar May LOCK bath on Hhese, * A felaHon cannes 6 cin symmemce & aonb sym. meme ib fh contains some pair oy te bom (a,b) whee A tb ~@__ Which os the example boom preaviour Auesbior ae _symmelnc and anksyrnmenic. Symmeme - Roa Rs ANUS|mreric _ RY Reo, RE G._Wthich g He relatos 570m Q® ove Sfremepne ON Sy mmemc 1 R= S@psasbj - antsyrmmemc a) Roz fla} arbi -_antisymmemc 1g) Ry > {G@b) | a =e or a=~b} \ |) Rae (4H | a=b3 = Sy merric & ant Syememe 6) Ree fa wlas bi4 ~—___eonsymomernsc Pa_@. ys treo _ Wlegers _syen r_Onbieyramennc® - = a 7 - Re Tc, C12, Oe, O49, Crazy~ C24), €32.30, 0493 — ANH Symmenic_ by “Erana\ Hive, de PEAMOA RON @ ser te awed pransiive i Whenever CanyeR and CbicdER trenCO .cIER bor au — QbceEeAR ~ QQ Whricn op He relattons from Q® ae poum - DR. > Nor pans 7 2) Ro > Not sransinve 7 3) R > No kansipnve 4) RG 3 Transihve sy Rs 3 Tronskyn RE > prongs ——9__IAhich O5 relanons BN OM ae bronsHe @ - "Ris Nov wonsine | Ra > Not fransi He. _3)_ Rg > Warsiwe Cn Ov S Cn 49 Ry Trance | Shrikrupa oSPoge Nb. Date: 7 f rransi hie 7 @)_Re > _NOk_bransitine, inlegers _ transihre & weave Telathiont ofa sof vem“ —#_compining selabens + : mer A to B out SubsesS oN AXB : morn Ato B can we combi 1nd eit cc 008 — Huo _relaHione ay Se _ru0 Seb Can combined le Riz Pi, (2.2), 63.35 Ro = Fad, Cia), (3), Chars Boke 2 LOD C2) (9, Cra), (4,27, (3,395 ROR: gos be He set OU gruclents and ser ose thas Ry rss q sruceu} oho g te Ao 8B Gs a wuss respechvely, SUPP LK ordereol PUTS CO, 6), whee ‘a’ is Than taxon couse bw. | Rp, consiss ordered poor CO, b) Where als 0 requires COWSE to graduate a srudeus wonPege Nos dete: — \ a fH alanine 7 / Whar are He betow menwoned Felawnons 2 a IR, Ro 9 Consists o% Uorde ol Whee qiisa b or Neer enurte Bb to graduate oe ‘arcterea pores Wie | ana neon ¥ MWe “who regisiereal | wor eu FEA iste’ Se _ 2) RINRe =) _consios -_ pee ee a 3 R@Rs | consisn og aus ordered pores When’ ol eo O_cruslemk regi cerca] “OY LOUIE bp eu NEF meal two ArOodUOe , OY Neer CoUre B _TO ATOOUME bub ne Kao not _toueen 5} _ ADR -Re = bs He set [Link] pars ( Ob) Leohee 0" hor Facen course lo) lurk Adengy reeds Yo growl uae 5D RoR, = is te set ay al ordered povrs (4:5) (Whee @tan b is tre Couge Her A Neer to Qroouate but hos nop paren _—— © R, be Hy’ legs than” relakos Ra be He “greater than’ relakon on sera real num WWirar O%€ Ry URe RiNRo, Ri-Ro, Ro-R,, RORY tr Le R be be relaton from a ser A to stERB And S be He relaHon oom ser B to -sorc | The Composite Os, R ancl S ig tee bre relator [consis rolered poses CA,/C) whee ACA |cee Ond or tOWU thee exsh ON erernevt Lb sush har CarbdER and Chicres Denate of ey SOR Hl Shritruna tL_ He composile J) HO? relamnons Tequries Timah ue Bind the elements thal are He sear AT epee gy ordered alr In He irs relabion ond rt elemento orderco | Port 1A te seaend ~, ne ee L on ~ mes a “tT - - ~ S y ~~ _ J Re retaton btm A tOB -| FO, C49, (2,57, 657 (3.499 4 a 7 S = Relanoo foun B toc = £ CVO), 2,07, C319, €3,29, Cant > composile 95 R&S enced by BBS SOR SeR 1s conshuced using au ordereo| Pars INR and ordered Parcs S where secone| ciemeut gy be orderea] pair in R Ogres colth birch element 1n He ordereo| Parr am Ss. C2,3) INR & CH, 1D fos produces 2,1) i —SeR compos be parent relaHon dit db Sele t tet R-be He relation on Hk Set os ctl people [euch Hat CO,b) ER ib a person 1a’ is pareth o person's’ ‘Then COC) € RoR Ibs and only Ik Here_15 O person b sus thar Can) ER and _ Cb,cdER, thos Is M5 iond only 1s” Q_is parent q'b k Bis pores gy 'c 20 otmee_ one CACDEROR | bb ‘o'_is Aron porch pePoge Ne, Date 2 7 Powers D relarion R can te ce0asEt ely aay 7 _ BOM He LER MHON 4 A Compostle_gy HIE relay: —_sae Lo 7 be the _relaoo 4 On A. A M212, ---Gre a daa ty Rte RMT s RoR 25k = (Rok Fy ae yy ae ey ny 7, wee tel R= fC, (2), 03,20, (43) Ghee 2 O's {1 te55 fa. (4,295 @ Roe= Re. SOD ad C30 Candy p @® RorR= R= POU lana ToS - R2 this ts Bolleues go on. - He Perve tat oO relakoo RVs fansite sph R°ER ; = Suppo Hot R°SR bor O24 0, 2.. — ‘: eS RO ER +0 see this IMPE Ris fransitre, Noe Hat CO Sd ER @CbCIER: tr by cer ay oy Ror | p2 RY& Gia ERR [ors BEER Hence R's }ransivive, |) shrikrupeea | VANS S8lan + ry 61.639 | Page Nos Date: 7 AV cragonal entnergy Me wind weg ya: (9CA> 6097 ERD Ns bur {[[email protected], (2,29) > Poprenire 2 fo, ea 1127}. CBO) ve. = AGN, (rar, C1) 2 > Restenive not Ze = 4 > Rep Tree shoutol be Ca) Sanshred ber au 2 Rewerxie a ~ oa ot gy Breebenie ayy sunenel_ anime ry a in Me a: (aeA > (4, AFR) 1s tut Thee, ve ney pereut Clemens Gy C9) Hype _ f Ri = $0012, C2290 F > Merepensve a FC), (ea), Che DP = Nek i eretgtenive, Rae F Cid, Chay, Cay2 Nor i rreperive Rue db Lereplerxie H Can BPH A Celanon be both repenive A iepexive over any ser Ag . = Ne ony when A=, R=p — for non emply co it 18 at possible _ men en Mp will Ka Symmenic maar, 7 | (0,5) Cae R Cb.) ERT Is me QCA, bea 7 | or oxy C014) POD Satminh Satish Hr» cond” | ony Ny CorbeR Heo (bar eR = Rs [CA 1), 27} > Symmone Z $ Ch29, Cah Syrameric W_||_ RoPage Nes Ra LOUD} 3 symone a. ~ 2d 2 Smmomic a - i FS Codl FA Nat symeeree —__ ge vey ‘ “reltexive ) FeLAHiON 1S_grnmohic &_-» NO Re FC, (2,22 C12 > Reece, Nev Yorron R~ 1 C23, tal o Symmenic bul Ne CebeRre 4@ Asymrmenic_ ¥Cab) EO ER (6,0) ER Jos me Atmcst one He eames gwamong Ci,i) or (fb Cone 4 in Mg for any( is) Diagonal ehrre, wilt Foro, Ris FC) (2,293 = Not _asymmemc . Row V C27, (093 toy asymmemc Raz { C119) » Not asymenre Ra =p = asymemse Roa f (2.10) ~ AsYmmome 5 B® pabisymmenic. | : - [ ¥can: [tabs ER A (baneg— Ca=b)) [ To hue T j || -SheikrupaPage No: Date: 71 bb and C4) entmes Canney pe Simutbaneomay : 7 LAD mR bor Gusting C1555 ie WY, Gant - A541 symm 2 £0127, C28 = net anit gymmetec | bags SCID R= arbisyrnmunse Rad = AnH sy mehr a —_ Res Lea) Anbisymemetre = SE ae q_ Az 519,343 pease “bexove ment onedf . _flakions are repiexive , itceglenive, Symmenic, ~ : asymmenic, anlisymmernye ~ R= 16229, C23), C49, C327, C55), CB GD . Roe PCrid, Chad, C200), (929,639, Carag d ~ Ra = 804), (4,293 Ra = {C29 C2,37 C3494 Rez (C110, 69,29, C357, (Hd > Re = 103? Cia, (2.3), (2,47, Ca, CaF Reslerie sreipere symm. Asyrm. Ant syram reorsili ; ee 2S x hx x x“onerner einen R09 Me Beh gy a @__Dolermine , het’ — “a | be . aH T rmumees 1 regiernt, gyrmen, arWsy mee Francie toner (IER 1bb — GQ x+y so CX YIER x0 [X2-10 | %= -23 go [y-tro | ye +43 = Loo, Ci Os. 23, 23m Restexire (A) Dreepse xi eC) sym merc(-) / Asymmeme "Anus mmeme Q)_ Transits w @ x= +y DS xay or xX=-y ETO, Cop, Cas, 28), (23,-95)-—) CUT, (2% 2:39, (2, 29,0 29. - Rewerive (C) Lreewexne @B_ Symmense(a) Asian ene (A) Anvsymmeme @Q prarcie () @®. 2-4 Cay, 625-190 tered —Restercive Q@_ deeperve (CC) symmorse ® Povisymmernnc(E) _ ASYmmerse()_ fronsiive ©) _Page No, Date: 7 7 C041) 01,0) €2,6) Coy DO a —Repie xine ®, Dreekrexive ®, symone a Eee ANY Symmes ® transhie © > 6 xes (0), O *5* soe Rekexie © ErcoMenive ®. _eyramen 7 Asymenenne (8) Anttsymmeric “D wonire © 6. pavers yet - C1, C10), 6 Rebexie @ frrepgexie® symmenc© Asymmtme ®@_Antisymmenc(—)_tronsrive (® = we fC2d, C13), (2139, C4, C5194 = 3 C209, (3d, C3329, C4293 SoR = 2% 7 _composile % Rand s 5 SoR Consrsty on COCD whee QCA, CEC & Br tre ewsh beB such drat CObER & CoicrES, SoR = JOD, C20), (2,29, Chany D__R te He raAHOD oF He Seray Peope COrsisHing % Poss (0,6), Where ‘Ol 1s Parent yb . Ske He retanon on ser qy Peope consisting q pad COib) Where a arcl_b out Siblings ( bxvbken J sislos) 7 What vs Sop & Ros. ‘Shekrina:Poge Ne.s_ Dete: 1 [Re Q Parent = ae I ia wy ebniid = 1 Oee @, ea “Cee Lotte pons b= Rk b ie sibing oy’ Cc 9s. 4c) © SoR 16° Q is pores DY © Sok = J Cab) [a ispared Do Kb ho Swigy @® _ RoS > @e)d aca, BEC Ca,ereg HoOeR Ci, > ais sien D b Cb.) > bis porto c 22 Tod | ais nau] wae bY GQ How mm 16_cbpereut reaxions 00 Zot, conan pair Comm) g Movs mary “hen are remeron, Tovad melanens possibe = 2” = ae le | hetee inaTeAslexie => 4 4 2? TeHExme = 5A 0-4 rams x cs Pretoria representarion using Breoted Araph Mamx represent aod * : A relaon berween binile sets Can ne represented Using zero -one mann. ! Suppoe Rs Me relanon from | 2101.02, O3---- am) B= )brbo.b3---- bo} The relation R can we represented by marx Me= Cri). wy; =) £ 1k COL, BER Lo ik cai, bi) ¢R £7 Orbe WOT Mp hoo 4 a its (1,3) en whe Oi is relakd to bj On O ib ai Is Netreiate to by, A-£1,2,33 8+ {/:2}, Let R ve He relator [bem A toB comoining (QB) ib AeA: bes |A7b- whar Is He MamMA represenHng RQ Is Tossa. Qa=2, O3=3, bres & ba =D, ae Shetkrens iPoge Ne. Date: 7 Wo the _zem-one_ marx fer 6 QU _cuaqonal enme 1 & x The relator 1s _symmehic Whur ; “Mp = (Mp 57 ~ Yxx-d ) ~ xe e ry ° ~ oh ox ~ ne Rowne xtre Syromehsc. Q Ris representest using MO AX below 7 Mee fot 2 ,o4 Lo J op Chet (Dhetrer relation 16 Q_Rerwstexne ~ -— QO Deeegexive ~ x _O symone = | | AO Syimmersc ~K Ayn mebse ~ XX @_tearspe neey TR boolean operat, oar 7 DovP ane tneey Can te _useok ro btnd Union & Inter seotior BH bw celarions a PIR, = yok Mro- |p) of . a | 10 0 or} " a or 7 06 : Rue = Yoo 4 Clement Wise on joi Operation. 1 o | Me, nga s ne = Mp, A mp oo 0 Leo o° 6] : g Repro eaoy UAHONS using Diggraphs Foch elermew oD Set represented using Por od ach ordered parr is: represented, USING Are With its cureehor Indycared by an Arron. A i receal raph or haqraph consis a5 serpy Vv ___Neryices togerhe: wrt 0 Ser me E Fy Orcere| POI _ Jeemen oD “VY castod © edger. The Vertex ‘a’ bs caues| ymbal venex oy te edge (4% 5 OA be ; Nenen "6 1s cattes| yemtnal verex a fs ei9e.Page No. Date =|- The curected geraph with verrices 1 bitid gS edge (arb), Cada) (bid, Chadd, Cera), CC, b), Ca,b), 1s Shows be10® : b : ; a 2 | ese q__ Determine ohether relations bor cvreeteo arp Shon beso cue rekie Rie," Symememc OAK Symmen Lrransi pre AY Reltex ive - Yer On Cac> nocke hoo vy a® | + Ses \o0P b> Prresiexre -NO (OES te) gymmenc— NO O54 BAA S ¢ AD _Assymeme — No ~ setts loops ] . e> Anksymmemce- No bse C36 §) Tronsitve - No ASb bac, ae b_ OD Reyexie —4@No_ C sey lop | o Ke by Preepiexie —NO Cy aymmeme — Yes | NK FD Asymmemc no | Y &) Anvisymmen clo 5) Trarsipve Yas No 39,036 Cxb |\_ Page No.:__ Date: 7 7 Eaw valance relations pn some Programming languose, “ye narnes » How ever Hee 1s ANIME On the Number warner? Fal are cheeked Cohen a Compiler doler mines LOnPLbp. Variawie CAT Combai Cintienned muunnner op craraeken —~ fee Variable, ave equal. ey fac programming , only the BS & Charaoten, ore cheokeo by the compiler, crarcelers te sare. consequent Hx complies considies stom laxget +han & charawters that agree In thor bisk OGU+ Ler R we He relatos on tHe set os SHAS B characters Such tnat sR_ whet s a't ae” pw SAYS, tb S' ond 't OE OF leas eigut Craracies 107A and Iyrsh B chavaoten ey ‘SOE age of S=t ee R= reblexirve, Syrmenic, frans) Are, A relation on a se A ts cabled an equivalance relaHon if it \s repexrve, Symmeric ond fransihre, Tun elements retateol ore catied equvatasts on eqWwralance relaVi00 avs 7 Chet ib PelAHOD QR 1s Gquvouree veloi0? OF ark i_ 2 Resiexine - Yeo | > _Symneme - Yes TORR — Yen 1@ aR» ib O=e orQ=-b {_ Eewratance RelanonPage Ne. “such yhay ORL ibb eb ic SO a-a = 0 1s. an integer bOY OU cecal ni Nuroben __aRa 2 real numbers => Rove Weyenve > —_@_a ky dk ' Sa gare a - Te oR 0 ok Heo Q-b, b—¢ Ore integers S Rif eqwratane relaton ~ @ fs duvedobVides’ relation Qqusraronce @. -R ve the relaHon 07 Set gy real number. Ry Ap LY ore real numbers and Ixy! Cp > _ © Rewenne - Yeo Ie-xb=O Wnrehis <4 @_Symmeme ~ Ye : Joo-le) <4 Jhe-20[< a | 7 Q@_Trancivie -No 7 : Fi [e-s-1alee jae ileoeel bed 12.8 -iT = TOT @® Relahon R ic not EQUI HUAN EIA ON. | ShrieenaPage No. Date: 7 ZA (GERTRORE OSE Re SAU atanee vetarign on O SCK A. The coe SD AU Nerrouts “EHcU are Felcteol FO aN Clement Oo On A Teatted eas ratanca class oy oO" equi relance Class Of (O° With respees fo 'R’ 16 “densteel by TOJg Gwe 2 Sh LON ve the S04 oy AU Shue uw A elige who grgduased Brom high semen consid @r R OF A_+hat consis oF OH Poss (ty whee © & Y groduateo} jsn0m bre Same highsivo Now — Sven Stucleut We can form ser au “eudents €quiralant box With ~wespedt to R This COnSISH of au Studews gracuakd' kom sare Nigh $60) a ‘x’ od. This Sweser a5, ANS cated O9 equsvalance Clase =D Pre relahon, fb R 1s an eawrarance relano: Don A. then GAWVOADNER Chass as Gemeny “a y ¢ Todg = 5 SIRSSERT, §__Q whee ofb iph O= bor GL 10 HHS cone ohe a, -a —— "S_SCh_convoons Hud CUSNCH olor, eos—__|__ GD pamial oraterags OD A relation Ron se 8 is canted poral ego — or pamal order, Ns YS replenive, OFM Sfp 4 - anol pransihve. ee a. —___A sei_s_Jogether with a-parnal ordering Ry Catled parratiy ordereal set o* ‘poset’ _ } Pros clentheol by SR). : Member Fy S’ catiec| olements 4) pose G3 (Arester jnar or equal’ relation 15 Patel orctering & u R>Retahon oRy Whe AYbL . © Regerre AQ L—-~ / O_horsywnmensc -“@> b A= b 3 b= Shan @_transiwe Yadsb woe 3 ase acb b=c yAnte Ris pamal ordering U ~ f Seb Sy tae io) GB me bvisibil ity welahon ts podial Sao ®_Robwexve —> Yes alg ag _® _fovisymmenc — Yeo Alb bla iy a=-6 (@ Tons e — > Yes Alb +» ble = AIe Q la Re te YEAH 0m Set oy people gus, Hot 1; ae M5 x and 4 Cue People ancl L fs older HWY . ae I © Remexie > % oldev wan x T | Q Povisyrmone > % 24 Le _ | Shrikrunpa JAl /O_Trarsine - Yo xy grz = nak oO pamal orotaring : vet ee ee |neve [ | * 6A) cs G wd, min uncountable bintle ro patie tt _Couna fe : Sch —~ _————— ——__ : Empiy Non ompr4 ~ 1d - countaole finile Dopiote Countable Countanle encolnes @ Fite sek! Aset Is said to be pint tb th Corrans SPEC element or inte number ay Clement S. 2 2 21 ce, Subject oherecol ab ntN 2) set oe human on earth DToral number os ish $9 sea. Pognie set * A ser contains \nkinie Nuun ber Oy Clements } 4 SU STATS 19 He unite © Couniape Tere 1s Q one-to-one mapping ;—REEWEEN the Elements ey 2 bo Narwal nursed rc) We Cponsider jr 05 Counbabe sey. : _ = Em 1s COUNFAIE Os hore ae 0 alements in b>. 12 O etemenss z[, a /y uncourbabre sek. Pk there Cannst be Oo oOre-ro-one. so PpinA so elemens ANd natural Nurncorn Cee sali Hy We use Nm ae Leper point to cheek Countan ity i N Zi ~ | ——-@ « Hee ve can have one -fo-one - o— |} correspondance berwoeen NaZ 3 i 4 Neither N Values going to 4 2 binish oor 2 artes . an: 2 # TiN Ge go te inbiniiy pe Wil) ' I bird One-to-one mapP ings oe oe <3 SCt on class ore _inbinite Q@. Te 1} countasie 2 - ‘ea! we can relate ver posite integess howe one =F ~One meppiAl N Stan + Neirer OK OF goin Jo 1 giar-k' — BInich nar +e Inkeges 2 StU-2 | 8 Tee 1S one~ro -one z Shar-2 repping 7 j1, ee if oN R ———$——— Te oo TTT -£ 000-1 =~ 0 oe eae , _ = 10000 t o = Hoe ue carn. pave 00 =to-ore Mmappiga oO lsttintvy 19 ser R iS Nev Severe, Al hict a Are. to Novding Is not buee > A-B =ANG 4) (A4A-Q)) = Ana cP? A-(ANB)I=A-B dy A-(A-=7 = 8. _To solne guoh QueHons fast we can Use. below metnecl . Sept ASSAD Number fo edb Cegion = oO ( (2s) ws Tce— - date: 7 Og ee ANE y Fay 99.34 = fra ha fra} A iy WW Tae To) ACB? = AOS gate Great heat) = 424 aye hp eg —_ F932 424 - Tue | - (AN) = A-® Ne aera aT Avy = RU eae ar A= (887 8 . gray - (42 ~f23} = [23 _ An fr2t- Ay = t235 “ fare fa.34 — Nob Toe = \\\\e “G2) Tb ACB, theo WWW GF the portoue tg} is Nob poe a) Avg = BY OBCcAM b) ANB HAM a) B-A=$ x ce egeipg fo pig oa? ¢ {On} L— — Q Which ay the bollowing 1s net true 8 a) tk ACO then A=" — ») (Ang) (Ang) SA AT CPaT ATTY YO ATHY - 1 93 Siyv {oho a a 48 = fhe} so