· PCIEGRAMR
Re
· Pre-literate
Societies (before writing) 7000 BC – 5000 BC:
· pre-literate societies are societies that existed
before writing began. So, obviously the means by which
information or stories were transmitted was oral
1 . Goals of education
· - To teach survival skills---------------- Teach group
harmony
2 .Influence on Education:
· - Informal---------- Transmission of skills
3. Instructional methods
· Informal methods------------- Children imitate adults
4 . Curriculum
· - Practice hunting------------- Fishing--------------
Songs-------------- Poems------------- Dances
5. students -
· All children--------------- No grouping according to
age----------- All children get together and listen to what
people had to tell them.
6 . Agents:
· - Parents--------------- Liberal leaders---------- Religious
leaders
– Influence of
Chinese (3000 BC – 1900 AD)
Educational goals:
1. - Prepare elites to govern the empire according to
Confucian principles. (Here are three key terms in this
goal: Elite means everybody was not meant to be
educated. , Secondly; they had to govern the empire.
They hadto be leaders and strong people up at the top
and front. Another limitation was that the education
these people got was limited to Confucian principles;
only Confucius thought was transmitted to the next
generation.
2. - Written examination for civil service
3. - Memorization and recitation
4. - Confucian Classics
5. - Males of upper class
6. - Government officials
Ancient Indian
Society 3000 BC – Present India
7. - To learn behavior based on Vedas
8. - Cultural transmission and spiritual detachment
9. - Memorizing and interpreting sacred texts
10.- Vedas and religious texts
11.- Males of Upper classes
12.- Brahmin Priest scholars
Influence of
Egyptians (3000 BC – 300 BC)
13. - To prepare priest according to scribe for the
empire
14. - Restriction on educational controls to priest
elites
15. - Memorization and copying texts
16. - Religious or Technical texts
17. Males of upper class
18. - Priest and scribes
Influence of
Greek (1600 BC – 300 BC)
19. - To cultivate civic responsibility
20. - Athens: well rounded, liberally educated
person. Sparta: Concept of military state.
21. - Memorization and recitation in primary
schools, lecture, discussion, and dialogue in higher
schools
22. - Athens: reading, writing, arithmetic,
drama, poetry, music, Sparta: Drill, military, songs and
tactics.
23. - Male children ages 7 to 20 years
24. - Athens: private teachers, philosophers.
Sparta: military teachers
– Influence
of Romans (750 BC – 450 AD)
25. - Develop civic responsibility for the
empire,-------------- Administrative and military skills
26. - Practical administrative skills-----------------
Relate education to civic responsibility
27. - Memorization and recitation in ludus;
declamation in rhetorical schools (lutus is the primary
school for everybody) declamation is the ability to create
and give a speech.
28. - Reading, writing, arithmetic, law and
philosophy
29. - Male children ages 7 – 20
30. - Private schools and teachers, schools of
rhetoric
Influence of
Arabic Society (700 AD – 1350 AD)
31. - Cultivate religious commitment to Islamic
beliefs,---------- Expertise in mathematics, medicine and
science
32. Arabic numerals and computation, medicine
and science materials
33. - Memorization and recitation in primary
schools, imitation and discussion in higher schools
34. - Reading, writing, arithmetic, religious
literature, scientific studies
35. - Male children of upper class ages 7 – 20
36. - Mosques. Court schools
Influence of
Medieval on Education (500 AD – 1400 AD)
37. - Develop religious commitment,
knowledge,prepare for appropriate rules.
38. - Structure and organization of the
University------------- Institutionalization of knowledge
39. - Memorization and recitation in lower
schools,------------- Text analysis discussion in higher
school and universities
40. - Athens: reading, writing, arithmetic,
philosophy, theology, military and chivalry
41. - Male children of upper class------------ Girls
and women entering religious community ages 7-20
42. - Parish--------- Chantry------------ Cathedral
schools------------ Universities--------- Knighthood
Influence of
Renaissance Period (1350 AD – 1500 AD)
43. - Cultivate Humanist experts in Greek, and
Latin classes; prepare people to serve dynastic leaders
44. - Emphasis on literary knowledge, ,-----------
two track system of schools
45. - Memorization and translation, and
analysis of Greek, and Roman classes,
46. - Latin and Greek classical literature,
poetry and art
47. - Male children of aristocracy and upper
classes, ages 7-20
48. - Classical Humanists educators and
schools like Lycee, gymnasium and Latin school,
Influence of
Reformation period (1500 AD – 1600 AD)
49. - Cultivate a commitment to a particular
religious denomination,
50. - Commitment to universal education to
provide literacy for everyone;
51. - Memorization drill, translation and
analysis of classical literature in humanistic schools
52. - Reading, writing, arithmetic, catechism,
and rituals.------------- Latin and Greek theology
53. - Boys and Girls ages 7-12 in vernacular
schools,---------- Young men of upper class in humanist
schools.
54. - Vernacular elementary school for general
public,------------ Classical schools for upper class.
Important
Educational Theorists
Confucius (Chinese)
· - Philosophy was:
· Developed ethical system based on hierarchy,
human relations
· - View of Human Nature:
· Human beings need the order of a stable society.
Socrates
· -Philosophical idealism, political conservation
· Humans define themselves by self-examination
Plato
· Philosophical idealist, social conservation, added
intuition
· Humans can be classified on intellectual capabilities
Aristotle
· Realists, views society based on realism and
observation
· Humans have the power of rationality to guide their
conduct
Easter
n Philosophers:
Farabi (870 - 950)
· - Philosophy: Base for human nature is knowledge.
· - View of Human Nature: The ultimate knowledge
is innate
· - Educational Philosophy: Distinguished teaching
from education
· - Teaching: Reveal scientific knowledge and art
· - Education: create theoretical virtues in society,
education must be easy to hard,
Ibn-e-Sina (980 - 1037)
· Moral virtues are as important as knowledge itself
· Children are innocent and clean from the start,
should be taught moral values.
· Children should be taught without pressure,
children should be taught from ages 6 -14
Biruni (973 - 1051)
· -in order to love each other humans should learn
and respect each others language, religion, traditions
and thinking
· Humanistic perspective
· He was expert in astronomy, physics, botany,
pharmacology, geography.
55. Cultural capital pass on by : families and
schools
56. Girls and women are allowed to receive edu
in : Medieval
57. students are generally labeled as :Gifted
and learning disabled
58. China : Prepare elites to govern the empire
according to Confucian principles
59. edu for all students should be :child-
centered, activity-centered, experience
centered
60. Today students need to be literate beyond
3Rs which include literacies : - Cultural
literacy-------- Scientific literacy-------
Computer literacy------ Electronic/media
literacy------- Information literacy
61. The Eastern philosopher that distinguished
teaching from Edu was : Farabi
62. In Ancient China, the curriculum mostly
depended on : Confucian classics
63. Change can come from : society, schools ,
knowledge
64. Mughal dynastry : art and literature
flourished, historical events were written. , books
of foreign languages were translated into Persian.
65. to avoid damage by provincial prejudices ,
the 1947 conference recommended the :
promotion of National unity
66. a key feature of translation of works in
Sanskrit into Persian was undertaken during
----------------------dynasty : Lodhi
67. Students with ____as a subject of higher
secondary level would be employed as teachers. :
Education (not confirm )
68. Under the 1972 policy , ____________of
private institution occured : nationalization
69. National Education Commission 1959 : Half
of the total expenditure of primary education
should be borne by the provincial governments
and the other half be met through district taxes
70. The university academic year was fixed at :
36 weeks
71. the reign of syed dynastry was
characterized by : This reign was categorized by
lawlessness and disorder.
72. the task of central edu consultation Board
was : to device educational programs for the
provinces.
73. it was recommended to set up a study
committee at uni to look at : For research and
teaching programs
74. In Ancient India, the agents for edu were :
Brahmin priests
75. Social actions are influenced by ;
voluntarism and determinism
76. changes in division of labor leads to a
conflict model of unequal : power relations
77. The “God” and theology concepts
encapsulated education : under Ancient turks
78. Schooling effects : knowledge, attitudes,
employment
79. in Ancient Rome , influence on edu was
seen through : Practical administrative
skills-------- Relate education to civic
responsibility
80. once Turks accepted Islam, edu was
organized and structured in : Madrasas
81. Alp human being is defined as: warrior,
wise, extroverted, nomad
82. pre-literate societies : are societies that
existed before writing began
83. founder of conflict theories is : Karl Marks
84. schools as agents of change must deal
with : diversity
85. in Ancient Egypt educational controls were
Restricted : to priest elites
86. Agents of edu in ancient Arab : mosques
and court schools
87. Functional Theories: stresses the
interdependence of the social system, how well the
parts are integrated with each other
88. unequal power relations can lead to :
89. According to Biruni in order to love each
other humans should learn and respect each others
language, religion, traditions and thinking
90. In Medieval : Influence on Education: -
Structure and organization of the University
91. Alberuni, a philosopher, mathematician,
made a deep study of the Hindu culture, customs,
religion and wrote “Kitab-ul-Hind
92. the 1970 policy recommended raising : the
primary education up to class five by 1980 and
then be raised to the level of class eight.
93. the 1947 conference recommended : Urdu
as a Medium of Instruction
94. Diploma holders from polytechnics be
allowed BTech degree after passing a course of
one year
95. National Education Policy 1970 - 1 : Also
known as “The Noor Khan Report”,
96. Pestalozzi (1746-1827) : believed that
education should be for everyone.
97. The teacher’s workload should be divided
b/w teaching and : counselling
98. subjects emphasized in schools under the
Ancient Turks was : religion and social studies
were taught
99. Objectives of 1972 policy was to perpare
individuals for : social betterment
100.1947 conference stressed : Training for
good citizenship , preservation of ideology of
PAK
101. National Education Policy 1972 : in
October, 1972 education up to middle level
will be made free and in October 1974 it will
be free up to matric level.
102.according to Ibn-e-Sina, Agents: should be
religious, honest, wise persons that can recognize
children’s abilities
103. Secondary edu was to promote
-------------according to 1959 consensus : 1. freedom
of thinking , sense of research and curiosity. ,
sense of leadership
104.Historical foundations start with pre-
literate societies.,
105.education were provided in madrasa under
Selcuks period was : Both religious and
vocational oriented education
106.Moral virtues were emphasized and
taught in Selcuks period
107. Famous names in Selcuks period
period include Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi, Yunus
Emre, Asif Pasha ve Haci Bektasi Veli
108.Poetry was an important part of education
and God and human love issues were the main
subjects.
109.Selcuks Period----------- Madrasas should
have a certain period of education
110. During Ottoman period, who build and
funded madrasa : Rich people as well as
government
111.Only sunni muslim males were accepted
in madrasas, no girls were allowed in the madrasas
112.Religious, philosophical subjects as
well as literature, science, math, and
languages were taught during Ottoman period
113.purpose of “Enderun” Palace School to
train talented children of non-muslim
families
114.language in Ottoman period : Arabic,
Turkish and Persian
115.which type of workers emerged during
Industralizatio period : Factory workers
116.New Philosophies came about in Ottoman
period : Materialism, Socialism, Positivism
117.Piaget's theory : Concrete
Operational:--------------- Lasts from 7 – 11 years
118. the explosion of knowledge has led to
need of information classification
119.conflict theorists primalrly focus on :
power struggle
120.The Lycee developed during the
Renaissance
121.curricula for 21st century should be
technologically , advancement , rationale and
encourasges social unity
122. Labeling theory is interested in why people
are labeled and who it is that does the labeling.
123.unequal power relation can lead to :
situated advantage, domination
124. wider income differences can lead to :
bipolar society
125.Deviance is functional to clarifying group
boundaries, providing scapegoats, creating
outgroups
126.Working class children are disadvantages
in schools
127.Aristotle------------, views society based on
realism and observation
128. " Human beings need the order of a stable
society. " this was said by : Confucius
129.Method in Ancient Greek : Memorization
and recitation in primary schools, lecture,
discussion, and dialogue in higher schools
130.True : Education mostly suffers from
changes in society
131. a society is held together by economic,
political, cultural and ---------military -power
132.Making the “Preparing for students for the
world of Tomorrow” difficult.
133.schools should be able to addresses the
issues of social inequalities
134.Curriculum defines what counts as valid
knowledge
135. schools shouls focus on all students
136. relationship b/w schools and society :
schools are influenced by society
137. what shouls schools consider regarding
society;s impact on edu : how society affects
schools and institutions
138.imp of change in edu : edu must change
with society
139.how does society change : Society
changes rapidly
140.traditional aspects of literacy : reading,
writing and arithmetic.
141. how do schools deals with literacy : By
embracing diversity
142. how does knowledge change over
time : knowledge increases rapidly
143.the relevance of knowledge determines
the worth of knowledge
144.knowledge is organized by subjects
145.“determinism” (Determined by external
forces)
146.Voluntarism”. You behave in a particular
way because that’s the way you know the right way
to behave-acting based on personal choice
147.determinism is more common in society
148. sociological perspective view individual
actions : it emphasizes the power of external
circumstances
149.sociological perspective recognizes free
will within societal constraints
150.the teaching of literacy should be
corporated at school level
151.
