• Lecture- 02
• Physics
• Friction
➢ By- Alok Choubey Sir
Topics
to be
1) Force of Friction
covered
2) Types of Friction
3) Necessity of Friction
4) Fluid Friction
CONTACT FORCE
The force which opposes the motion of an object when
there is a relative motion between two objects is called
FORCE OF FRICTION
No force appears to be acting on the ball, yet the speed
gradually decreases and it comes to rest after some time.
Friction
FORCE OF FRICTION
The force of friction always acts on all the moving objects and
its direction is always opposite to the direction of motion
Displacement
S
F
Force of Friction
CAUSE OF FRICTION
Force of friction depends on the nature of
the two surfaces in contact.
Roughness Force of Friction Roughness Force of Friction
Decreases Decreases Increases Increases
All surfaces have some roughness on them.
CAUSE OF FRICTION
When two surfaces are put in contact, the irregularities (ups/downs) of one
surface get somewhat interlocked with the irregularities of the other surface
Why is that so??
Still the block comes to rest
Smooth surface
FACTORS AFFECTING FRICTION
1. Nature of the two surfaces in contact.
2. Force pressing the two surfaces together.
Ty p e s o f F R I C T I O N
Static friction Sliding friction Rolling friction
Static friction is the The force required to The force of friction
friction that exists Keep the object that comes into play
between a stationary moving with the same when one body rolls
object and the surface speed is a measure of over the surface of
on which it's resting. sliding. another body
It exists between two It exists between two It exists between two
surfaces in contact, objects, when one of objects, when one of
between which there them is sliding over them is rolling over
is no relative motion. the surface of the the other.
other.
Static friction > Sliding friction > Rolling friction
Graph for friction
Sliding Friction is always a little less than the Limiting Friction as well as Static Friction
Static friction is equal and
opposite to the applied force.
Limiting friction
Force of friction
It can increases only unto a certain
Sliding friction
upper limit (limiting friction).
The force of limiting friction
depends on the nature of the
Applied force
surfaces in contact.
Why is Sliding Friction less
than Static Friction??
Once the motion starts, the ‘contact points’ on one surface do not get
enough time to lock into the ‘contact points’ of the other surface.
Rolling friction
Why do the bag have wheels??
It makes it easy for the person to pull the
bag, thus reducing friction.
Such a friction is called as rolling friction
FRICTION
necessity evil
Walking on the ground
For rolling
Performing small day to day activities
FRICTION
necessity evil
Walking on the ground Loss of Energy
For rolling
Performing small day to day activities
Only a part of energy
Major part is wasted in heating the machine, friction obtained from its fuel is used
between the ground and tyres and sound produced up in running the vehicle
Loss of Energy
Friction consumes a substantial part of the
useful energy available to us.
As friction opposes motion between two
objects in contact, some of the energy to move
the object is wasted in overcoming friction
A significant amount of energy, supplied to
machine, gets wasted in the form of heat energy
while overcoming the force of friction
FRICTION
necessity evil
Walking on the ground Loss of Energy
For rolling Wear and Tear of Objects
Performing small day to day activities
WEAR and TEAR of OBJECTS
Friction is responsible for a lot of wear and
tear of moving parts.
It is friction which wears out surface rubbing
against each other.
Hence, the moving parts of any machines need
to be replaced from time to time.
OLD TYRE NEW TYRE
METHODS OF INCREASING FRICTION
Whenever friction is required, it is increased by making the surface rough
The treads and grooves improve their This increases the friction to desired value and
grip on the road. helps us to avoid skidding or slipping.
METHODS OF INCREASING FRICTION
Sportsmen and players use special types of This helps them to have better
sport shoes with spikes on their soles grip on the while running
METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
Po l i s h i n g :
When we polish a surface, its roughness(unevenness) decreases.
The surface becomes smooth and friction gets reduced .
We also sometimes rub the surface with a fine sand-paper to reduce their
unevenness.
METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
L u b r i c at i o n :
When a few drops of oil are poured
on the hinges of a door, the door
moves much more smoothly.
METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
L u b r i c at i o n :
Bicycle and motor mechanics use
grease between the moving parts of
these machines.
Oil-like substances which, when put
on a surface, help to reduce friction
, are called lubricants
Reduces Wear Increases
and Tear Efficiency by less
wastage of Energy
METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
L u b r i c at i o n :
Lubricants can be :
(i) Liquid like oils
(ii) Semi- liquids like grease
(iii) Solids like talcum powder.
METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
Ball-Bearings:
Rolling friction is smaller
than sliding friction. Sliding can be replaced by rolling, in most
machines, by use of ball-bearings.
We use ball-bearings in shafts of motors,
dynamos, axels of vehicles, etc.
FLUID FRICTION
But what happens when an
object moves through air?
The air also exerts a force of friction
even though it is very light and thin
We call this friction as air resistance, and it
also opposes the motion of objects through it.
FA C TO R S A F F E C T I N G F O R C E O F F LU I D F R I C T I O N
1. NATURE OF THE FLUID
2. SHAPE OF THE MOVING OBJECT
3. SPEED OF THE MOVING OBJECT
STREAMLINE BODIES
Sports vehicles are so designed that the air
flows smoothly over their surface
STREAMLINE FLOW
Thank You
Baccho!
