1. Homo sapiens are believed to evolved ton a, Homo erectus. b. Homo neanderthalensis. ©. Homo habilis. d. Homo ergaster. 2. Most marsupials live in ' a, Australia, : b. Asia, ©. South America. 4. the Galapagos Islands. 3. All mammals a. give birth to live young. 'b. have a thick coat of hair. ¢. nourish their young with milk. d. have a uterus. 4, Natural theologians believed that adaptations of organisms are a. evidence that organisms are designed by a Creator. b. evidence that organisms are not designed by a Creator. c. incomplete and of no consequence. d. an illusion, based on belief rather than on proof. 5. Anew mutation spreads from one pop' a. removed bottlenecks. . emigrants and immigrants. ¢. mutation pressures. d. crossovers. 6. ‘A hors has karyotype of 64 chroma aaa r chromosomes. The hybrid offspring of @ horse-donke chromosomes. A mule is sterile because it cannot ocean . court other mules. ; . copulate with mules, donkeys, . form gametes. . complete development of the zy; tion to another by means 7. Which of the following is not a. Movement in the trees by brachiati b. Movement on the ground by kn ¢. Wrists that bend backward; d. Highly mobile shoulder joints "| 8. The Hardy-Weinberg equation charact frequencies 8. of «population that is experien b. ofa population that is extremel ©. of a population that is very I d. of a community of species that i9. Considering the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what portion of the equation would be used to calculate the frequency of indiyjquals who do not exhibit a disease but are carriers of a recessive genetic disorder) a Q b. p? c. 2pq dg? 10. Which of the following does not alter allele frequencies? a. selection b. immigration ¢. mutation P “d. inbreeding 11. Which type of selection results in greater genetic variance in a population? a. stabilizing selection ¥ b. directional selection c. diversifying selection d. positive frequency-dependent selection 12. Population genetics is the study of: a. how selective forces change the allele frequencies in a population over ti 'b. the genetic basis of population-wide traits "9 c. whether traits have a genetic basis a d. the degree of inbreeding in a Population 13. Which of the following populations is not in Hardy-We a. a population with 12 homozygous recessive in dominant individuals (YY), and 4 0 b. a population in which the p2+2pq+q2=1 a population undergoingWhen reach sexual maturitY: they leave their group in search of a new im pride. rate ions eat cele freqd2"°1€S of the population through which ofthe following mechanisms? a. natural selection b. genetic drift . gene flow d. random mating 16. Which of the following evolutionary forces can introduce new genetic variation into a population? ‘a. natural selection and genetic drift b. mutation and gene flow 4 . natural selection and nonrandom mating, d. mutation and genetic drift 17. What is assortative mating? a. when individuals mate with those who are similar to themselves b. when individuals mate with those who are dissimilar to themselves c. when individuals mate with those who are the most fit in the population d. when individuals mate with those who are least fit in the population 18. Sympatric speciation develops reproductive isolation without a. Geographic barrier b. Barrier to mating c. Barrier to gene flow d. Genetic change 19. Which of these can help us determine whether a population is evolving? a. Genetic drift b. Hardy-Weinberg equation c. Degree of evolution d. Proportion between acquired variation 20. The most accepted theory of origin of li a, Theory of special creat b. ‘Theory of panspermia22, Lamarck believed that certain parts of the body get larger and more complex through the generations because they a. Contribute to greater reproductive success b. Are similar to God’s perfection ¢, Are predetermined to do so 4. Are used more extensively than other parts, 23. A lizard bird, Archaeopteryx is a a. Connecting link between birds and reptiles b. Missing link between birds and reptiles c. Missing link between birds and mammals d, Connecting link between reptiles and mammals 24. The study of Galapagos finches shows a, Use and disuse of organs b. Adaptive radiations c. Convergent evolution d. Macroevolution 25. Non-inheritable variations are a. Variations in the gametes b. Variations in the germ cell ¢. Variations in the zygote 4. Variations in the somatic cell 26. According to Charles Darwin, evolution is a. Descent with modification b. Natural selection c. Survival of the fittest d. Irreversible change29, Which of the following statements °° a. Evolution is change that is bet b. Evolution is a property of PoP ¢. Evolution is a change in gene d. All ofthe above 30. Darwin’s four theories of evolution ine] a. Evolution has occurred. each of the following EXCEPT: b. Natural selection is the primary; Cause of evolutionary change. c. The splitting of lineages into more species has occurred. d. Evolutionary change lly and is fuelled by mutations of major effect. 31. A population of 200 is in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with the allele frequency of A=0.7 and a = 0.3. the number of carriers in the population will be: a 42 b. c 4. 32. In a population with two alleles b and B having allele frequency 0.7 and Weinberg equilibrium, how many individuals in a sample of 250 can be be heterozygous? a. b. . d. lL. 104 84 32 95 / 105 250 50 ee 33, If the frequency of recessive allele causing disease in the homozygous condition in a population of 10000 is 0.04, then the number of people disease will be: a b. 32 ©. 64 16 d. 998435. Which of the following statements is true of the Hardy-Weinberg equation oF aa ni +q= 1)? The "p" represents the frequeney of the recessive allele for a specific trait ina "population. : b. In order to use the equation, you have to know alll of the genotype frequencies first. c. The equation allows you to diseoyer the genotype phenotype frequencies. d._ All the above frequencies if you know the 36. The sum total of the genetically inherited changes in the individuals who are members of a population” is a description of: a. genetic drift b. non-random mating ©. evolution d. random mating 37. Similar traits resulting from similar selection pressures acting on simil a. coevolution. b. convergent evolution. c. divergent evolution. d. parallel evolution. and vice versa, is called a. coevolution. b. convergent evolution. c. divergent evolution. d. parallel evolution. 39. Genetic drift can be defined as:41. Imagine you raise goldfish as a pet 4 SFE Ot have over 10,000 fish in one large 5 tank but, due to an electrical pe of the fish perish one night. The remaining 5% are left to breed and repopulate, Pass their genes and traits on to future generations. What type of genetic drift Would this be considered? Bll Bottleneck event my, b. Founder effect c. Extinction } d. Natural selection ; x 42. A postzygotic isolating mechanism oo ‘successful a. courtship. b. copulation. c._ fertilization. WEevelopment, survival, or reproduction of the hybrid. 43. Most often the factor that initiates the speciation of two populations is MI geographic separation. b. inability of gametes to fuse. ¢. different courtship behaviors. ‘ d. different copulatory organs. 44, Populations of Kaibab squirrels on the north rim of the Grand Canyon do with populations on the south rim, They are isolated by a ay a. sympatric barrier. b. autopatric barrie Some geographic barrier. ‘¢._ genetic barrier. 45. A prezygotic isolating mechanism prevents successful gamete production. 4 {il fertilization. . Zygote development. |. reproduction of hybrids. ao Be47. The biological species concept classifies q cpecies based on ‘a,_ morphological characteristics, GP reproductive isolation. ‘c. the niche the organism occupies jn the environment. d. genetic relationships between an organism and its ancestor. 48. Which of the following would be considered an example of a postzygotic isolating mechanism? a. incompatible genitalia b. c. incompatible gametes : Wl fertilized egg fails to develop normally 49, The unit of natural selection is the GH individual. b. family. c. population. d._ species. 50. The Darwinian fitness of an organism Wits ability, relative to others in the population, to pass its genes generation. b. the number of offspring it produces. . its lifespan. d. its physical vigor. 51. Genetic variation can increase as a result of ‘a. random mutations in genes. b. gene duplication. c. horizontal gene transfer. Been found. he m 4G. fossils of early organisms are !0°@ted too deep in the crust of the Earth to found . Directional selection favors me ‘a. both extreme forms of a trait, 'b. intermediate forms of a trait. . environmental differences. ‘ IE one extreme form over the other form and over i fa a trait. 56. Disruptive selection favors extreme forms of a trait. ). intermediate forms of a trait. ¢. environmental differences. d. one extreme form over the other extreme form and over intermediate forms a trait. ¥ 57. Many bacteria are now resistant to penicillin, because a. penicillin causes gene mutations, some of which are be SBM previously resistant forms survived and reproduced better t forms. 5 c. the hospital environment inhibits competition among bacteria. 4. penicillin triggers the synthesis of resistant proteins. 7 58. Eastern and western meadowlarks look almost the same and inhabit th prairie, They recognize mates of their own species by distinctive court example of prezygotic isolation by a. ecological isolation. [llichavioral isolation. ©. mechanical isolation. 4. gametic isolation, \ 59. Very similar species of fish release their sperm of one species cannot penetra of prezygotic isolation by a. ecological isolation, b. behavioral isolation, ©. mechanical isolation,60. Since the Plei United eerie tee ABs, desethaye wraaly formed in the southwestern Tis deveited oo freas shrunk into isolated springs, the a._ introgression. By speciation. c. autopolyploidy. 4._allopolyploidy. : \ population of 1800 grasshoppers is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with two alleles in the ‘opulation, D and d, which leads to the pi ction of two distinct phenotypes. Grasshoppers sith the genotype DD or Dd have normal wing stiucture whereas grasshoppers who are dd tave abnormal wing structure. A scientist determined that there are 1152 grasshoppers with ybnormal wing structure, Use this information to answer questions 61-65 61, Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, calculate the values of P a 08 b. 04 c. 0.02 M02 62, Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, ealculate the values of 4 egd.8 b. 04 : ce. 0.02 : d. 02 63, What percentage of all ofthe individuals are heterozygous? a. 23% b. 68% GM 32% d. 0.8%