1.
Creating numpy arrays
a)Python program to demonstrate basic ndarray
import numpy as np
1.Creating array object
arr = np.array( [[ 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 2, 5]] )
print(arr) ;
2.Printing type of arr object
print("Array is of type: ", type(arr))
3.Printing array dimensions (axes)
print("No. of dimensions: ", arr.ndim)
4.Printing shape of array
print("Shape of array: ", arr.shape)
5.Printing size (total number of elements) of array
print("Size of array: ", arr.size)
6.Printing type of elements in array
print("Array stores elements of type: ", arr.dtype)
Output :
[[ 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 2, 5]]
Array is of type: <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
No. of dimensions: 2
Shape of array: (2, 3)
Size of array: 6
Array stores elements of type: int64
b)python program to demonstrate array of zeros
1.creating single dimensional array
import numpy as np
array_1d = np.zeros(3)
print(array_1d)
Output:
[0. 0. 0.]
Notice that the elements are having the default data type as the float. That’s why the zeros are 0.
2. Creating Multi-dimensional array
import numpy as np
array_2d = np.zeros((2, 3))
print(array_2d)
Output:
[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]
3. NumPy zeros array with int data type
import numpy as np
array_2d_int = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=int)
print(array_2d_int)
Output:
[[0 0 0]
[0 0 0]]
4. NumPy Array with Tuple Data Type and Zeroes
We can specify the array elements as a tuple and specify their data types too.
import numpy as np
array_mix_type = np.zeros((2, 2), dtype=[('x', 'int'), ('y', 'float')])
print(array_mix_type)
print(array_mix_type.dtype)
Output:
[[(0, 0.) (0, 0.)]
[(0, 0.) (0, 0.)]]
[('x', '<i8'), ('y', '<f8')]
c) python program to demonstrate array of ones
1. Creating one-dimensional array with ones
import numpy as np
array_1d = np.ones(3)
print(array_1d)
Output:
[1. 1. 1.]
Notice that the elements are having the default data type as the float. That’s why the ones are 1. in the
array.
2. Creating Multi-dimensional array
import numpy as np
array_2d = np.ones((2, 3))
print(array_2d)
Output:
[[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]]
3. NumPy ones array with int data type
import numpy as np
array_2d_int = np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)
print(array_2d_int)
Output:
[[1 1 1]
[1 1 1]]
4. NumPy Array with Tuple Data Type and Ones
We can specify the array elements as a tuple and specify their data types too.
import numpy as np
array_mix_type = np.ones((2, 2), dtype=[('x', 'int'), ('y', 'float')])
print(array_mix_type)
print(array_mix_type.dtype)
Output:
[[(1, 1.) (1, 1.)]
[(1, 1.) (1, 1.)]]
[('x', '<i8'), ('y', '<f8')]
d) python program to demonstrate random numbers in ndarray
1.using randint
import numpy as np
# if the shape is not mentioned the output will just be a random integer in the given range
rand_int = np.random.randint(5,10)
print("First array", rand_int)
rand_int2 = np.random.randint(10,90,(4,5)) # random numpy array of shape (4,5)
print("Second array", rand_int2)
rand_int3 = np.random.randint(50,75,(2,2), dtype='int64')
print("Third array", rand_int3)
Output:
First array 7
Second array [[86 10 37 84 40]
[66 49 29 73 37]
[39 87 36 20 87]
[76 86 89 69 50]]
Third array [[74 73]
[71 50]]
2.using randn
import numpy as np
rand_n = np.random.randn() # outputs a single floating point number
print("First array", rand_n)
rand_n2 = np.random.randn(4,5) # outputs an 4x5 array filled with random floating point numbers
print("Second array", rand_n2)
Output:
First array -0.16000824895754412
Second array [[ 1.50870984 -0.30902038 -0.93408267 2.85782319 1.28046521]
[-0.42138647 -0.0910151 -2.24334255 0.06135505 -0.11190143]
[-0.45479495 -0.80909493 -0.46962061 0.21875305 0.45955272]
[ 0.31418762 0.66268862 -0.27700588 -0.5103291 -0.68195657]]
3.using rand
import numpy as np
rand = np.random.rand() # outputs single floating-point value .
print("First array", rand)
rand2 = np.random.rand(3,2) # outputs an 3x2 array filled with random floating point values.
print("Second array", rand2)
Output:
First array 0.7578858928993336
Second array [[0.15647101 0.13870584]
[0.89344256 0.68226333]
[0.46247578 0.09658549]]
e)python program to demonstrate array of your choice
import numpy as np
# create an array of integers from 1 to 5
array1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# choose a random number from array1
random_choice = np.random.choice(array1)
print(random_choice)
# Output: 3
Code:
f)python program to demonstrate matrix in numpy
import numpy as np
#creating matrix from string
A = np.matrix('1 2 3; 4 5 6')
print("Array created using string is :\n", A)
Output:
1.
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(0,10,2,float)
print(arr)
Output:
[0. 2. 4. 6. 8.]
2.
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(10,100,5,int)
print("The array over the given range is ",arr
Output:
The array over the given range is [10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95]
2.The shape and Reshaping of numpy array
a) python program to demonstrate dimensions, shape and size of numpy array
import numpy as np
1.Creating array object
arr = np.array( [[ 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 2, 5]] )
print(arr) ;
2.Printing type of arr object
print("Array is of type: ", type(arr))
3.Printing array dimensions (axes)
print("No. of dimensions: ", arr.ndim)
4.Printing shape of array
print("Shape of array: ", arr.shape)
5.Printing size (total number of elements) of array
print("Size of array: ", arr.size)
6.Printing type of elements in array
print("Array stores elements of type: ", arr.dtype)
Output :
[[ 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 2, 5]]
Array is of type: <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
No. of dimensions: 2
Shape of array: (2, 3)
Size of array: 6
Array stores elements of type: int64
b) reshaping numpy array
import numpy as np
a_1d = np.arange(3)
print(a_1d)
Output
# [0 1 2]
a_2d = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))
print(a_2d)
Output
# [[ 0 1 2 3]
# [ 4 5 6 7]
# [ 8 9 10 11]]
a_3d = np.arange(24).reshape((2, 3, 4))
print(a_3d)
Output
# [[[ 0 1 2 3]
# [ 4 5 6 7]
# [ 8 9 10 11]]
# [[12 13 14 15]
# [16 17 18 19]
# [20 21 22 23]]]
c) flattening numpy array
1.Using flatten() method example with a multidimensional array
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
b = a.flatten()
print(b)
Output:
[1 2 3 4]
2.Using numpy flatten() method to flatten an array using column-major order
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
b = a.flatten(order='F')
print(b)
Output:
[1 3 2 4]
d) transposing numpy array
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(f'Original Array:\n{arr1}')
arr1_transpose = arr1.transpose()
print(f'Transposed Array:\n{arr1_transpose}')
Output:
Original Array:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
Transposed Array:
[[1 4]
[2 5]
[3 6]]
3.Expanding and squeezing numpy array
a)Expanding numpy array
# import numpy
import numpy as np
# using Numpy.expand_dims() method
gfg = np.array([1, 2])
print(gfg.shape)
gfg = np.expand_dims(gfg, axis = 0)
print(gfg.shape)
Output :
(2, )
(1, 2)
# import numpy
import numpy as np
# using Numpy.expand_dims() method
gfg = np.array([[1, 2], [7, 8]])
print(gfg.shape)
gfg = np.expand_dims(gfg, axis = 0)
print(gfg.shape)
Output :
(2, 2)
(1, 2, 2)
b) squeezing numpy array
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(9).reshape(1,3,3)
print 'Array X:'
print x
print '\n'
y = np.squeeze(x)
print 'Array Y:'
print y
print '\n'
print 'The shapes of X and Y array:'
print x.shape, y.shape
Array X:
[[[0 1 2]
[3 4 5]
[6 7 8]]]
Array Y:
[[0 1 2]
[3 4 5]
[6 7 8]]
The shapes of X and Y array:
(1, 3, 3) (3, 3)
c) sorting numpy array
# importing libraries
import numpy as np
# sort along the first axis
a = np.array([[12, 15], [10, 1]])
arr1 = np.sort(a, axis = 0)
print ("Along first axis : \n", arr1)
# sort along the last axis
a = np.array([[10, 15], [12, 1]])
arr2 = np.sort(a, axis = -1)
print ("\nAlong first axis : \n", arr2)
a = np.array([[12, 15], [10, 1]])
arr1 = np.sort(a, axis = None)
print ("\nAlong none axis : \n", arr1)
Output :
Along first axis :
[[10 1]
[12 15]]
Along first axis :
[[10 15]
[ 1 12]]
Along none axis :
[ 1 10 12 15]
4.Indexing and slicing numpy array
a) slicing ID arrays
# import numpy module
import numpy as np
# Create NumPy arrays
arr = np.array([3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 18, 22])
# Use slicing to get 1-D arrays elements
arr2 = arr[1:6]
print(arr2)
# OutPut
# [ 5 7 9 11 15]
# Starting position from 3 to the end
arr2 = arr[3:]
print(arr2)
# Output
# [ 9 11 15 18 22]
# Returns first 5 values (0 to 4 index)
arr2 = arr[:5]
print(arr2)
# Output
# [ 3 5 7 9 11]
# Use step value to get elements
arr2 = arr[::3]
print(arr2)
# Output
#[ 3 9 18]
# Use negative slicing to get elements
arr2 = arr[-4:-2]
print(arr2)
# Output
# [11 15]
# Use slicing with interval
arr2 = arr[3::4]
print(arr2)
# Output
# [ 9 22]
# Create NumPy arrays
arr = np.array([[3, 5, 7, 9, 11],
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]])
b) Use slicing a 2-D arrays
arr2 = arr[1:,1:3]
print(arr2)
# Output
#[[4 6]]
c) Slicing 3-D arrays
arr = np.array([[[3, 5, 7, 9, 11],
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]],
[[5, 7, 8, 9, 2],
[7, 2, 3, 6, 7]]])
arr2 = arr[0,1,0:2]
print(arr2)
# Output:
# [2 4]
5.Stacking and Concatenating numpy array
a) stacking ndarrays
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([5,6,7])
np.vstack((a,b))
Output
array([[1, 2, 3],
[5, 6, 7]])
a = np.array([[1, 2],[3,4]])
b = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])
np.hstack((a,b))
Output
array([[1, 2, 5, 6],
[3, 4, 7, 8]])
a = np.array([[1, 2],[3,4]])
b = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])
np.dstack((a,b))
Output
array([[[1, 5],
[2, 6]],[[3, 7],
[4, 8]]])
b) Concatenating numpy array
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.array([[1, 2], [5, 6]])
arr2 = np.array([[7, 8], [3,4]])
a = np.concatenate((arr1, arr2))
print(a)
Output
[[1 2]
[5 6]
[7 8]
[3 4]]
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.array([[1, 2], [5, 6]])
arr2 = np.array([[7, 8], [3,4]])
a = np.append(arr1,arr2, axis=1)
print(a)
Output
[[1 2 7 8]
[5 6 3 4]]
c) broadcasting numpy array
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
b = np.array([10,20,30,40])
c=a*b
print c
Its output is as follows −
[10 40 90 160]
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[0.0,0.0,0.0],[10.0,10.0,10.0],[20.0,20.0,20.0],[30.0,30.0,30.0]])
b = np.array([1.0,2.0,3.0])
print 'First array:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'Second array:'
print b
print '\n'
print 'First Array + Second Array'
print a + b
First array:
[[ 0. 0. 0.]
[ 10. 10. 10.]
[ 20. 20. 20.]
[ 30. 30. 30.]]
Second array:
[ 1. 2. 3.]
First Array + Second Array
[[ 1. 2. 3.]
[ 11. 12. 13.]
[ 21. 22. 23.]
[ 31. 32. 33.]]
6.operations using pandas
a) creating dataframe
# import pandas as pd
import pandas as pd
# list of strings
lst = ['Geeks', 'For', 'Geeks', 'is',
'portal', 'for', 'Geeks']
# Calling DataFrame constructor on list
df = pd.DataFrame(lst)
print(df)
Output:
# Python code demonstrate creating
# DataFrame from dict narray / lists
# By default addresses.
import pandas as pd
# intialise data of lists.
data = {'Name':['Tom', 'nick', 'krish', 'jack'],
'Age':[20, 21, 19, 18]}
# Create DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Print the output.
print(df)
Output:
# Import pandas package
import pandas as pd
# Define a dictionary containing employee data
data = {'Name':['Jai', 'Princi', 'Gaurav', 'Anuj'],
'Age':[27, 24, 22, 32],
'Address':['Delhi', 'Kanpur', 'Allahabad', 'Kannauj'],
'Qualification':['Msc', 'MA', 'MCA', 'Phd']}
# Convert the dictionary into DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# select two columns
print(df[['Name', 'Qualification']])
Output
b)concate
# importing the module
import pandas as pd
# creating the Series
series1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
display('series1:', series1)
series2 = pd.Series(['A', 'B', 'C'])
display('series2:', series2)
# concatenating
display('After concatenating:')
display(pd.concat([series1, series2]))
Output:
# importing the module
import pandas as pd
# creating the Series
series1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
display('series1:', series1)
series2 = pd.Series(['A', 'B', 'C'])
display('series2:', series2)
# concatenating
display('After concatenating:')
display(pd.concat([series1, series2],
axis = 1))
Output:
# importing the module
import pandas as pd
# creating the DataFrames
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
display('df1:', df1)
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A4', 'A5', 'A6', 'A7'],
'B': ['B4', 'B5', 'B6', 'B7']})
display('df2:', df2)
# concatenating
display('After concatenating:')
display(pd.concat([df1, df2],
keys = ['key1', 'key2']))
# importing the module
import pandas as pd
# creating the DataFrames
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
display('df1:', df1)
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
display('df2:', df2)
# concatenating
display('After concatenating:')
display(pd.concat([df1, df2],
axis = 1))
Output:
d) adding new column
# Import pandas package
import pandas as pd
# Define a dictionary containing Students data
data = {'Name': ['Jai', 'Princi', 'Gaurav', 'Anuj'],
'Height': [5.1, 6.2, 5.1, 5.2],
'Qualification': ['Msc', 'MA', 'Msc', 'Msc']}
# Convert the dictionary into DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Declare a list that is to be converted into a column
address = ['Delhi', 'Bangalore', 'Chennai', 'Patna']
# Using 'Address' as the column name
# and equating it to the list
df['Address'] = address
# Observe the result
print(df)
Output:
7.operations using pandas
a)filling nan with string
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#create DataFrame with some NaN values
df = pd.DataFrame({'team': ['A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B'],
'points': [np.nan, 11, 7, 7, 8, 6, 14, 15],
