Unit-2

Cloud Deployment and Service Models: -

 There are four types of deployment models available in the cloud, namely, private,
public, community, and hybrid.

 Each and every type has its own advantages and disadvantages as discussed in the
succeeding sections.

 Deployment models can be defined as the different ways in which the cloud can be
deployed. These models are fully user centric, that is, these depend on users’
requirement and convenience.

 A user selects a model based on his or her requirement and needs. Basically, there are
four types of deployment models in the cloud:

 1. Private cloud

 2. Public cloud

 3. Community cloud

 4. Hybrid cloud

 The classification of the cloud is based on several parameters such as the size of the
cloud (number of resources), type of service provider, location, type of users, security,
and other.

 Private Cloud

 According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), private

cloud can be defined as the cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for exclusive use
by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units).
  It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some
combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.

 The private cloud in simple terms is the cloud environment created for a single
organization. It is usually private to the organization but can be managed by the
organization or any other third party.

 The private cloud is small in size as compared to other cloud models.

Characteristics

Certain characteristics of the private cloud are as follows:

 1. Secure: The private cloud is secure. This is because usually the private
cloud is deployed and managed by the organization itself, and hence there
is least chance of data being leaked out of the cloud.

 2.Central control: The organization mostly has full control over the
cloud as usually the private cloud is managed by the organization itself.
Thus, when managed by the organization itself, there is no need for the
organization to rely on anybody.

 3. Weak SLAs: Formal SLAs may or may not exist in a private cloud.

 Suitability:
Suitability refers to the instances where this cloud model can be used. It also
signifies the most suitable conditions and environment where this cloud
model can be used, such as the following:

o The organizations or enterprises that require a separate cloud for

their personal or official use.
o The organizations or enterprises that have a sufficient amount of
funds as managing and maintaining a cloud is a costly affair.
o The organizations or enterprises that consider data security to be
important.
o The organizations that want autonomy and complete control
over the cloud.
o The organizations that have a less number of users.
 o The organizations that have prebuilt infrastructure for deploying
the cloud and are ready for timely maintenance of the cloud for
efficient functioning.
o Special care needs to be taken and resources should be available
for troubleshooting.

The private cloud platform is not suitable for the following:

o The organizations that have high user base

o The organizations that have financial constraints
o The organizations that do not have prebuilt infrastructure
o The organizations that do not have sufficient manpower to
maintain and manage the cloud

The private cloud can be classified into several types based on their
location and management.

✓ On-premise private cloud

✓ Outsourced private cloud

On-Premise Private Cloud: -

 On-premise private cloud is a typical private cloud that is managed by a

single organization. Here, the cloud is deployed in organizational
premises and is connected to the organizational network
 Issues :-

There are several issues associated with private clouds as discussed in the
following

 LA: SLA plays a very important role in any cloud service deployment
model. For any cloud to operate, there must be certain agreements
between the user and the service provider. The service provider will agree
upon certain terms and conditions regarding the service delivery. These
terms and conditions need to be strictly followed; if not, there will be a
penalty on the part of the defaulting party. If the service provider fails to
provide services as per the SLA, then he has to pay a penalty to the user;
this penalty can be in any form, which is termed according to the SLA.

 2. Network: The cloud is totally dependent on the network that is laid

out. The network usually consists of a high bandwidth and has a
low latency. This is because the connection is only inside the
organization.

 3. Performance: The performance of a cloud delivery model

primarily depends on the network and resources. Since here the
networks are managed internally, the performance can be controlled by
the network management team, and mostly this would have good
performance as the number of resources is low.

 4. Security and data privacy: Security and data privacy, though a

problem with every type of service model, affect the private cloud the
least. As the data of the users are solely managed by the company and
most of the data would be related to the organization or company, here
there is a lesser chance that the data will be leaked to people outside as
there are no users outside the organization.

 5.Location: The private cloud does not have any problems related to the
location of data being stored. In a private cloud, the data are internal and
are usually stored in the same geographical location where the cloud
users, that is, organization, are present (on-premise cloud).

 6. Cloud management: Cloud management is a broad area where the

entire cloud-related tasks are managed in order to provide seamless
services to the customers. This involves several tasks such as resource
scheduling, resource provisioning, and resource management.
 7. Multitenancy: The cloud basically has a multitenant architecture.
As multitenant architecture supports multiple tenants with the same
physical or software resource, there is a chance of unwanted access of
data, and it will have less effect in the private cloud as all the issues will
be intra-organizational.

 8. Maintenance: The cloud is maintained by the organization where the

cloud is deployed.

Outsourced Private Cloud

The outsourced private cloud has a cloud outsourced to a third party. A third
party manages the whole cloud. Everything is same as usual private cloud
except that here the cloud is outsourced. There are several advantages and
disadvantages of outsourcing the cloud.

 Issues

 1. SLA: The SLA is between the third party and the outsourcing
organization. Here, the whole cloud is managed by the third party that
will be usually not available on premise. The SLAs are usually followed
strictly as it is a third-party organization.

 2. Network: The cloud is fully deployed at the third-party site. The

cloud’s internal network is managed by a third party, and the
organizations connect to the third party by means of either a dedicated
connection or through the Internet.

 3.Security and privacy: Security and privacy need to be considered

when the cloud is outsourced. Here, the cloud is less secure than the on-
site private cloud. The privacy and security of the data mainly depend on
the hosting third party as they have the control of the cloud.

 4. Location: The private cloud is usually located off site here. When
there is a change of location, the data need to be transmitted through long
distances.
  5. Performance: The performance of the cloud depends on the third party
that is outsourcing the cloud.

 6. Maintenance: The cloud is maintained by a third-party organization

where the cloud is deployed. As mentioned, the defective resources
(drives and processors) are replaced with the good resources.

 Advantages

✓ The cloud is small in size and is easy to maintain.

✓ It provides a high level of security and privacy to the user.

✓ It is controlled by the organization.

 Disadvantages

✓ For the private cloud, budget is a constraint.

✓ The private clouds have loose SLAs.

Public Cloud
 The public cloud is the cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for open
use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a
business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of
them.
Characteristics
 1. Highly scalable: The public cloud is highly scalable. The resources in
the public cloud are large in number and the service providers make sure
that all the requests are granted. Hence, the public cloud is considered to
be scalable.

 2. Affordable: The public cloud is offered to the public on a pay-as-you-

go basis; hence, the user has to pay only for what he or she is using
(usually on a per-hour basis).

 3.Less secure: The public cloud is less secure out of all the four
deployment models. This is because the public cloud is offered by a third
party and they have full control over the cloud. Though the SLAs ensure
privacy, still there is a high risk of data being leaked.

 4. Highly available: The public cloud is highly available because

anybody from any part of the world can access the public cloud with
proper permission, and this is not possible in other models as
geographical or other access restrictions might be there.

 5. Stringent SLAs: SLA is very stringent in the case of the public cloud.

 Suitability

There are several occasions and environments where the public cloud is
suitable. The public cloud can be used whenever the following applies:

✓ The requirement for resources is large, that is, there is large user base.

✓ The requirement for resources is varying.

✓ There is no physical infrastructure available.

✓ An organization has financial constraints.

 The public cloud is not suitable, where the following applies:

✓ Security is very important.

✓ Organization expects autonomy.

✓ Third-party reliability is not preferred

 Issues :-

Several issues pertaining to the public cloud are as follows:

 1. SLA: Unlike the private cloud, here the number of users is more and so
are the numbers of service agreements. The service provider is
answerable to all the users. The users here are diverse. The SLA will
cover all the users from all parts of the world.

 2.Network: The network plays a major role in the public cloud. Each and
every user getting the services of the cloud gets it through the Internet.
The services are accessed through the Internet by all the users, and hence,
the service delivery wholly depends on the network

 3. Performance: As mentioned, the performance of a cloud delivery

model primarily depends on the network and the resources. The service
provider has to adequately manage the resources and the network. As the
number of users increases, it is a challenging task for the service
providers to give good performance.

 4. Multitenancy: The resources are shared, that is, multiple users share
the resources, hence the term multitenant. Due to this property, there is a
high risk of data being leaked or a possible unprivileged access.

 5. Location: The location of the public cloud is an issue. As the public

cloud is fragmented and is located in different regions, the access to these
clouds involves a lot of data transfers through the Internet.

 6. Security and data privacy: Security and data privacy are the biggest
challenges in the public cloud. As data are stored in different places
around the globe, data security is a very big issue.

 7. Laws and conflicts: The data are stored in different places of the
world in different countries. Hence, data centers are bound to laws of the
country in which they are located. This creates many conflicts and
problems for the service providers and the users.

 8. Cloud management: Here, the number of users is more, and so the

management is difficult. The jobs here are time critical, and as the
number of users increases, it becomes more difficult.
 Advantages

✓ • There is no need of establishing infrastructure for setting up a cloud.

✓ • There is no need for maintaining the cloud.

✓ • They are comparatively less costly than other cloud models.

✓ • Strict SLAs are followed.

✓ • There is no limit for the number of users.

✓ • The public cloud is highly scalable.

 Disadvantages

✓ • Security is an issue.

✓ • Privacy and organizational autonomy are not possible