U.S.N.
BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
January 2017 Semester End Make Up Examinations
Course: IRRIGATION & HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Duration: 3 hrs
Course Code: 11CV7DCIHS Max Marks: 100
Date: 18.01.2017
Instructions: Question No. 1 is compulsory.
Answer any 4 full questions from question No. 2 to question No. 6.
Assume missing data suitably.
Draw neat sketches wherever necessary
Use of Khosla’s pressure curves is allowed
1 a) Define irrigation. List the benefits and ill effects of irrigation 05
b) Explain the classification of canals based on the alignment 05
c) With a neat sketch explain the elementary profile of a gravity dam. Also explain the criteria 05
governing the base width of the elementary profile
d) Explain why energy dissipators are required near spillway. Also list the different types of 05
energy dissipators. Explain any one type with a neat sketch.
2 a) A sandy loam soil holds water at 140 mm/m depth between field capacity and permanent 06
wilting point. Effective root depth of the crop is 30 cm. Allowable moisture depletion in the
root zone is 35%. The area to be irrigated is 60 ha, and daily consumptive use by the crop is 5
mm. Through the irrigation canal, water can be delivered at 28 lit/sec. Assume that there are
no rainfall and groundwater contributions.
Estimate
(i) The frequency of irrigation
(ii) Volume of irrigation water required and
(iii) Time required to irrigate a 4 ha plot
b) The gross command area for an irrigation canal is 20000 ha out of which 75% is the 06
culturable command area. The intensity of irrigation in the area is 40% for rabi season and
10% for kharif season. Kor periods for the crops are 4 weeks and 2.5 weeks respectively, for
the rabi season and the kharif season. Outlet factors for the rabi crop and kharif crop are
1800 ha/cumecs and 775 ha/cumecs respectively.
(i) Determine the outlet discharge required for each of these crops.
(ii) Estimate the delta for each crop
c) In an irrigation project, water is diverted from a river at a rate 125 lit/sec to an irrigation 08
canal. The water is carried through canal to the fields and is delivered at the rate 100
lit/sec. An area of 1.6 ha is irrigated using this water in 8 hours. Assume that the entire area
is under maize cultivation. Effective root zone of maize is 1.7 m. The runoff loss in the
field is measured as 420 m3. The depth of water penetration varies linearly from 1.7 m at
the head end of the field to 1.3 m at the tail end. Available moisture holding capacity of the
soil is 20 cm per metre depth of soil. The irrigation is started when the moisture content
falls to 50% of the available moisture.
Estimate
(i) Water conveyance efficiency
(ii) Water application efficiency
(iii) Water storage efficiency and
(iv) Water distribution efficiency.
3 a) Explain the classification of reservoirs based on the purpose served 06
b) With the help of a neat sketch explain the zones of storage in a reservoir 06
c) The table below gives the monthly yield of water in Mm3 from a catchment area during a 08
lean year. Estimate the minimum storage capacity of a reservoir required to allow the full
volume of water to be drawn at a uniform rate.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Catchment 1.4 2.1 2.8 8.4 11.9 11.9 7.7 2.8 2.52 2.24 1.96 1.68
yield Mm3
4 a) Explain with neat sketches, the two types of silt control devices used to regulate the entry of 10
silt into a canal. Also compare the advantages and drawbacks of both.
b) Fig. 4b shows the profile of a weir. Reduced Levels (RL) of various points (in m) are shown 10
in the figure. Estimate the uplift pressure at the key points C1, D1, E2 and D2 using
Khosla’s pressure curves.
Fig. 4b
5 a) A concrete gravity dam has top width 8 m and height 40 m above the base. Freeboard is 4 m 10
and the width at the base is 36 m. Upstream face of the dam is vertical but the downstream
face is sloping uniformly up to the base from a height 10 m below the top of the dam.
Assume there is no tail water present at the downstream side of the dam. Consider only the
self weight of the structure, water pressure and uplift pressure for the analysis.
(i) Assess safety of the structure against overturning
(ii) Assess safety of the structure against sliding.
(iii) Estimate the principal stress developed near the toe of the structure
For concrete, assume coefficient of friction 0.7, and specific weight 23 kN/m3. Assume
specific weight of water as 9.81 kN/m3.
b) Enumerate and explain by neat sketches the different ways by which the earthen dam may 10
fail. Also suggest suitable precautions that should be undertaken to avoid each type of failure
6 a) Compare Kennedy’s and Laceys silt theory, mentioning their salient features 06
b) Explain the different types of cross drainage works that may be necessary in a canal 06
alignment. Also explain the conditions under which each one of them are used.
c) Design an unlined irrigation canal to carry 30 cumecs through alluvial soil using Lacey’s 08
regime theory. Assume silt factor as 1.7.
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