DISC PLOW
SPECIFICATION
VISUAL PRESENTATION
agenda SAMPLE PROBLEMS
METHOD OF TEST
SPECIFICATION
PAES 121: 2001 A-84 Agricultural Machinery – Disc Plow –
Specifications
PNS/PAES 167:2015 Agricultural machinery – Disc plow for walking
type
agricultural tractor – Specifications
What is disc plow?
- implement with individually
mounted concave disc
blades which cut, partially
or completely invert soil
slices to bury surface
material, and pulverize the
soil.
Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall
apply:
concave disc - circular concave steel plate used for cutting
and inverting the soil.
Concavity - vertical distance measured from the lowest point
to the center of the disc when its concave side is placed on a
flat surface.
Frame - structure on which the standards
are fitted.
hitch - portion of an implement designed to
connect the implement to a power source.
scraper - component which scrapes the soil
adhering to the concave side of the disc.
scraper - component which scrapes
the soil adhering to the concave side
of the disc.
Standard (beam) - upright support
which connects the shank to tillage
implement frame.
side angle (disc angle) - angle, in the soil
surface plane, between a tool axis and a
line, which is perpendicular to the
direction of travel.
tilt angle - angle, in a vertical plane
perpendicular to the direction of travel,
between a tool axis and the soil surface.
width of cut - transverse distance
between either the top or bottom cutting
edges of the end discs.
NOTE: For measuring the width of cut,
the tilt angle shall be set at 15 to 25 . For
non-adjustable plow disc blades, the tilt
angle shall be set at 18 to 20 .
Classifications
1. One-way Disc Plow
2. Reversible Disc Plow
a. Tractor-mounted Reversible Disc
Plow
b. Semi-mounted Reversible Disc Plow
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1. One-way Disc Plow
Tractor-mounted or integral one-way disc plows are attached to
the tractor by three-point hitch linkages and are fully carried by
the tractor during transport.
2. Reversible Disc Plow
a. Tractor-mounted Reversible Disc Plow
This plow is attached to the three-point hitch and is fully carried
by the tractor in transport. This type is usually limited in size (2-4
discs) due to tractor front-end stability and hydrauliclift capacity.
2. Reversible Disc Plow
b. Semi-mounted Reversible Disc Plow
Semi-mounted or semi-integral reversible disc plow is attached to the tractor’s
lower hitch points and is raised/lowered by the tractor hitch as well as a remote
hydraulic cylinder on the rear transport wheel. On some of these plows, the rear
wheel operates on the land and serves
as a gauge wheel when plowing and as transport wheel (free to caster) when
the plow is raised. The rear wheel is an attachment for converting a fully
integral, reversible disc plow to semi-integral operation.
Size - The size of the plow shall be determined by the
number and diameter of the discs and the width of cut.
For size determination, width of cut shall be calculated
by the following formula:
Materials of Construction
- Mild steel shall be used in the manufacture of the frame, scraper,
thrust wheel and
hitch.
- Cast iron shall be used in the manufacture ofspool.
- Carbon steel shall be used in the manufacture of hitch pin.
- Carbon steel with at least 0.80% carbon content (e.g. AISI 1080)
or alloy steel with at least 0.0005% boron content shall be used in
the manufacture of the disc blades.
- High carbon steel shall be used in the manufacture of standard.
Construction Requirements
Performance Requirements
- The maximum depth of cut of the plow specified by the
manufacturer shall be attained.
- During operation, the plow shall produce good quality of work
such as: quality of inversion (ease of burying plant residues) and
uniformity of soil clods, especially between successive passes.
Workmanship and Finish
- The disc plow shall be free from manufacturing defects
that may be detrimental to its
operation.
- Except for disc blades, other uncoated metallic surfaces
shall be free from rust and
shall be painted properly.
- The disc plow, except for disc blades, shall be free from
sharp edges and surfaces that
may injure the operation
Warranty for Construction and Durability
- Warranty against defective materials and workmanship
shall be provided for parts and
services except for consumable maintenance parts such as
discs, bearings and seals within
six (6) months from the purchase of the disc plow.
- The construction shall be rigid and durable without
breakdown of its major components within six (6) months
from purchase by the first buyer.
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Maintenance and Operation
- A set of tools required for adjustment during field
operations shall be provided.
- An operator’s manual which conforms to PAES
102 shall be provided.
Maintenance and Operation
- A set of tools required for adjustment during field
operations shall be provided.
- An operator’s manual which conforms to PAES
102 shall be provided.
Marking and Labeling
Each plow shall be marked in English language with the following
information using a plate, stencil or by directly punching it at the
most conspicuous place:
- Registered trademark of the manufacturer
- Brand
- Model
- Type and size
- Serial number
- Production date (optional)
- Name and address of manufacturer
- Name and address of the importer, if imported (optional)
- Country of manufacture (if imported) / “Made in the Philippines” (if
manufactured in the Philippines)
- Safety/precautionary markings
Method of test
PAES 132: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Disc/Moldboard
Plow – Methods of Test
PNS/PAES 168:2015
Agricultural Machinery – Disc Plow for Walking-Type
Agricultural Tractor – Methods of Test
General Conditions for Test and Inspection
Plow on Test - The plow submitted for test shall be sampled in
accordance with PAES 103.
Role of the Manufacturer/Dealer - The manufacturer/dealer shall
submit to the official testing agency the specifications and other relevant
information on the plow. An official representative of the
manufacturer/dealer shall be appointed to conduct minor repairs and
adjustments and witness the test. It shall be the duty of the representative
to make all decisions on matters of adjustment and preparation of the
implement for testing. The manufacturer/dealer shall abide by the terms
and conditions set forth by the official testing agency.
Termination of Test
If the plow fails to penetrate the soil or becomes
non-functional during test, the test shall be terminated by the
test engineers.
Tractor and Draft Animals to be Used
- The tractor to be used shall be compatible with the plow in
accordance with the manufacturer’s specification of required
power.
- Draft animals shall be in good physical condition during the
test. The implement’s draft shall be approximately 15% of the
animal’s body weight.
Tests and Inspection
Verification of Manufacturer’s Technical Data and Information
This investigation is carried out to verify that the mechanism and
specifications conform to the list of technical data and information
submitted by the manufacturer.
Field Performance Test
- This is carried out to test the field performance of the plow.
- The test shall be carried out on a dry or wet field as specified by the
manufacturer where the conditions of the field are to be recorded.
Test Conditions
- Size of the Area per Trial Plowing operation shall be done in fields of not
less than 250 m2 for animal-drawn, 500 m2 for two-wheel tractor-drawn
and 1,000 m2 for four-wheel tractor-drawn plows. The plot shall be
rectangular in shape with sides in the ratio of 2:1 as much as possible.
Traveling Speed
- For four-wheel tractor-drawn plows, a traveling speed of 5 kph to 6
kph shall be maintained during the operation.
- For two-wheel tractor-drawn plows, a traveling speed of 3 kph to 4
kph shall be maintained during the operation.
- For animal-drawn plows, a traveling speed of 2 kph to 4 kph shall be
maintained during the operation.
Depth of Cut
- The depth of cut shall be set at 1/3 of the disc diameter for disc plow.
Test Trials
- The test shall be conducted with at least three test trials.
Headland
- Depending on the tractor size, headland shall be at least 3 m in length.
Operating speed
Outside the longer side of the test plot, two poles 20 m apart (A, B) are placed
approximately in the middle of the test plot (Figure 3). On the opposite side,
two poles are also placed in similar position, 20 m apart (C, D) so that all four
poles form corners of a rectangle, parallel to at least one long side of the test
plot. The speed will be calculated from the time required for the machine to
travel the distance (20 m) between the assumed line connecting two poles A-18
on opposite sides AC and BD. The reference point (e.g. pneumatic wheels) of
the machine should be selected for measuring the time.
REFERENCES:
• PAES 121: 2001 A-84 Agricultural Machinery – Disc Plow – Specifications
• PNS/PAES 167:2015 Agricultural machinery – Disc plow for walking type
agricultural tractor – Specifications
• PAES 132: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Disc/Moldboard Plow – Methods of Test
• PNS/PAES 168:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Disc Plow for Walking-Type
Agricultural Tractor – Methods of Test
• Machines, F. (2020, June 12). Driving disc plow. Farming Machines and Livestock
Machines.
https://www.farming-machine.com/agricultural-machinery/tillage-implements/drivin
g-disc-plow/
• GREENKING. (2017, May 20). MOUNTED DISC PLOUGH [Video].YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mqKy14Fyms
thank you!
