Sector : HEALTHCARE

Qualification Title: CAREGIVING

Unit of Competency: Participate in the implementation and monitoring of

client’s care plan

Module Title: Participating in the implementation and monitoring of client’s

care plan

Amylson B. Quiachon

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Trainers July 2010 Issued by:
Methodology Date Revised:
Level I March 2024 Page 1 of 250
Developed by: NTTA
Templates Amylson B.
Quiachon Revision # 01
 MODULES OF INSTRUCTION

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Participate in the implementation and monitoring of

client’s care plan

MODULE TITLE: Participating in the implementation and monitoring of

client’s care plan

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit describes the knowledge, skills and work
values
required for a caregiver to participate in implementing
and
monitoring care support services within the limits of
the
individualized support formal care plan developed for
the
client with special need.

NOMINAL DURATION: 60 HOURS

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the students / trainees will be able to:

LO1: Recognize stages of growth and development of the child

LO2: Plan to provide support to children with special needs

LO3: Respond to situations of risk or potential risk to client

LO4: Provide care and support to children with physical disabilities

LO5: Provide care and support to children with behavioral challenges

 LO6: Provide care and support to children with congenital disorders

LO1. Recognize stages of growth and development of the child

1.1 ASSESTMENT CRITERIA

1. Stages of child growth and development are identified and interpreted to
the client’s family based on established standard
2. Developmental tasks that is appropriate for the child’s growth and
development stage are interpreted and discussed with the family
3. Developmental delays are identified in accordance with established
standard
4. Communication strategies appropriate for the client’s growth and
developmental stage is selected and employed according to established
standard

1.2 CONTENTS:
1.2.1 Understanding Your Child's Growth and Development: A
Journey Through the Stages
Every child is unique, but their development follows a predictable pattern,
marked by distinct stages. Understanding these stages allows parents and families to
provide appropriate support and nurturing, fostering a happy and healthy journey for
their child.

Here's a breakdown of key developmental stages, based on established standards:

1. Infancy (Birth to 1 Year):

 Physical Development: Rapid growth in height and weight, development of

fine and gross motor skills like grasping, rolling, and sitting.
 Cognitive Development: Learning through senses, exploring the world through
touch, taste, smell, sight, and sound. Developing object permanence
(understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight).
 Social-Emotional Development: Forming attachments to caregivers,
developing a sense of trust and security. Starting to show emotions like joy,
sadness, and anger.

2. Toddlerhood (1 to 3 Years):

 Physical Development: Walking, running, jumping, and climbing. Developing

hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills like building with blocks and
scribbling.
 Cognitive Development: Developing language skills, understanding simple
instructions, beginning to use symbolic thinking.
  Social-Emotional Development: Exploring independence, developing a sense
of self, learning to share and play with others, experiencing tantrums and other
emotional outbursts.

3. Preschool (3 to 5 Years):

 Physical Development: Increasing coordination and balance, learning to ride a

tricycle, using tools like scissors.
 Cognitive Development: Developing imagination, creative thinking, and
problem-solving skills. Expanding language abilities and understanding complex
concepts.
 Social-Emotional Development: Building social skills, learning to cooperate
with peers, developing empathy and understanding of emotions.

4. Early Childhood (5 to 8 Years):

 Physical Development: Refining motor skills, developing strength and stamina,

enjoying physical activities like sports and games.
 Cognitive Development: Learning to read and write, developing logical
thinking and problem-solving abilities.
 Social-Emotional Development: Building friendships, developing a sense of
belonging, learning to handle conflict and compromise.

5. Middle Childhood (8 to 12 Years):

 Physical Development: Steady growth, developing coordination and fine motor

skills. Puberty begins for some.
 Cognitive Development: Developing abstract thinking, understanding complex
concepts, engaging in critical thinking.
 Social-Emotional Development: Developing self-esteem and identity, building
social connections, navigating peer groups, dealing with peer pressure.

6. Adolescence (12 to 18 Years):

 Physical Development: Rapid growth spurt, hormonal changes, development

of secondary sexual characteristics, puberty.
 Cognitive Development: Developing mature thinking skills, abstract reasoning,
forming opinions and beliefs.
 Social-Emotional Development: Exploring independence, forming romantic
relationships, developing a sense of purpose, navigating identity and values.

Understanding Individual Variation:

It's important to remember that each child develops at their own pace. Some children
may progress through stages faster than others, while some may have a more gradual
development.

Supporting Your Child's Development:

  Provide a loving and supportive environment: Nurture your child's
emotional well-being by providing a sense of security and warmth.
 Engage in interactive play: Encourage your child's learning and development
through play, storytelling, and creative activities.
 Offer opportunities for learning: Provide age-appropriate learning
experiences, fostering their curiosity and thirst for knowledge.
 Communicate openly and honestly: Talk to your child about their feelings
and help them understand their emotions.
 Seek professional guidance: If you have any concerns about your child's
development, consult with a healthcare professional or developmental specialist.

By understanding the stages of child development and providing appropriate support,

families can nurture their children's growth and lay the foundation for a bright future.

1.2.2 Navigating Milestones: Developmental Tasks for Your Child's Journey

Each stage of childhood brings with it a unique set of developmental tasks -
challenges and opportunities for growth that shape your child's skills and understanding
of the world. Understanding these tasks allows families to provide the right kind of
support and guidance, ensuring a smooth and fulfilling journey for their child.

Here's a look at some key developmental tasks across different stages, along with how
families can support their child's progress:

Infancy (Birth to 1 Year):

 Developing Trust: Building a secure bond with caregivers through consistent

care, love, and responsiveness.
 Developing Motor Skills: Mastering fundamental motor skills like rolling,
sitting, crawling, and eventually walking.
 Learning Language: Responding to sounds and voices, starting to babble and
coo, and later, understanding simple words.

How Families Can Support:

 Offer consistent love and care, providing a safe and nurturing environment.
 Encourage physical exploration through tummy time, age-appropriate toys, and
opportunities for movement.
 Speak frequently to your child, using simple language, reading aloud, and
responding to their vocalizations.

Toddlerhood (1 to 3 Years):

 Developing Autonomy: Exploring independence and asserting a sense of self,

learning to do things independently.
 Developing Language: Expanding vocabulary, learning to use two-word
phrases, understanding and following simple instructions.
 Developing Social Skills: Learning to interact with others, sharing toys, and
engaging in simple play with peers.

How Families Can Support:

  Offer opportunities for choice and independence while providing appropriate
boundaries and limits.
 Engage in conversations, ask questions, and model language for your child.
 Encourage playdates and opportunities for social interaction.

Preschool (3 to 5 Years):

 Developing Initiative: Exploring interests, experimenting with new activities,

and taking on small responsibilities.
 Developing Imagination and Creativity: Engage in imaginative play, creating
stories, drawing, and exploring creative activities.
 Developing Social Skills: Building friendships, learning to cooperate with
peers, understanding and expressing emotions.

How Families Can Support:

 Encourage exploration and experimentation, providing a safe and supportive

environment for trying new things.
 Provide materials and opportunities for creative expression, like art supplies,
dress-up clothes, and storytelling.
 Promote social interaction by arranging playdates and encouraging participation
in group activities.

Early Childhood (5 to 8 Years):

 Developing Industry: Building confidence in their abilities, mastering new

skills, and taking on more responsibility.
 Developing Academic Skills: Developing reading and writing skills, learning
basic math concepts, and engaging in problem-solving.
 Developing Social Skills: Navigating friendships, developing empathy and
understanding for others, and learning to resolve conflict peacefully.

How Families Can Support:

 Offer opportunities for learning and problem-solving, encouraging them to

participate in school activities and extracurricular activities.
 Provide encouragement and positive reinforcement as they develop new skills.
 Help them learn to navigate social situations by teaching conflict resolution skills,
empathy, and understanding of social cues.

Middle Childhood (8 to 12 Years):

 Developing Identity: Exploring their interests and talents, developing a sense

of self and belonging, and forming friendships.
 Developing Social Skills: Navigating peer groups, managing peer pressure,
and developing strong communication skills.
 Developing Morality and Values: Learning about right and wrong, forming
their own values and beliefs, and developing a sense of justice.
How Families Can Support:

 Encourage exploration of interests and talents, providing opportunities to pursue

their passions.
 Help them navigate peer pressure and develop healthy social skills by discussing
issues openly and honestly.
 Model ethical behavior and discuss values, teaching them about compassion,
fairness, and respect.

Adolescence (12 to 18 Years):

 Developing Identity: Exploring independence, forming a sense of self,

developing personal values and beliefs, and navigating relationships with family
and peers.
 Developing Intimacy: Developing healthy and respectful relationships,
navigating romantic interests, and exploring emotional intimacy.
 Developing Responsibility: Taking on greater responsibility, making choices
independently, and contributing to society.

How Families Can Support:

 Provide a safe and supportive environment for exploration and experimentation.

 Communicate openly and honestly about relationships, boundaries, and values.
 Offer opportunities for leadership and responsibility, encouraging involvement in
extracurricular activities or community service.

Remember: These are just general guidelines. Every child is unique, and their
developmental journey may differ in pace and specific challenges. Open communication
with your child, observation of their development, and seeking professional guidance
when needed are crucial to ensuring they thrive at each stage of their journey.

1.2.3 Identifying Developmental Delays: A Framework for Early Intervention

Developmental delays occur when a child's development in one or more areas
lags behind their peers. Early identification is crucial for providing timely interventions
and maximizing the child's potential.

How are Developmental Delays Identified?

Developmental delays are identified in accordance with established standards that

provide a framework for tracking a child's progress across key developmental domains.
These standards are based on extensive research and clinical expertise, ensuring a
comprehensive and reliable assessment of a child's development.

The Process of Identification:

 Observation and Assessment: Parents, caregivers, and early childhood

educators play a vital role in recognizing potential delays by observing a child's
behaviors and milestones.
 Standardized Screening Tools: Professionals utilize standardized screening
tools, such as developmental questionnaires, to assess a child's skills in areas
like:
 o Gross Motor Skills: Walking, running, hopping, and coordination.
o Fine Motor Skills: Using hands for tasks like drawing, writing, and
buttoning.
o Language and Communication: Speaking, understanding, and
communicating effectively.
o Cognitive Development: Thinking, problem-solving, and learning.
o Social-Emotional Development: Interacting with others, regulating
emotions, and understanding social cues.
 Formal Evaluations: When a screening identifies potential concerns, further
evaluation by a qualified professional (pediatrician, developmental specialist,
etc.) is conducted. These evaluations use standardized tests and observations to
determine the presence and extent of any delays.

Key Points:

 Early Identification is Key: Early detection allows for prompt intervention,

which is proven to improve outcomes and minimize the impact of delays.
 Individualized Approach: Developmental delays are unique to each child.
Interventions are tailored to address specific needs and strengths.
 Multidisciplinary Collaboration: A team of professionals, including parents,
teachers, therapists, and doctors, work together to create an individualized plan
for the child.

Resources and Support:

 Early Intervention Programs: These programs provide services to children

with developmental delays, including therapy, support for families, and
educational resources.
 Developmental Specialists: Professionals trained to identify and address
developmental delays, including pediatricians, developmental psychologists, and
occupational therapists.

Remember: Every child develops at their own pace. However, recognizing potential
developmental delays and seeking professional support can make a significant
difference in a child's journey.

1.2.4 Tailoring Communication for Growth: A Framework for Effective

Interaction
Effective communication is vital for building strong relationships and fostering a
child's development. Choosing the right communication strategies, aligned with a child's
unique growth and developmental stage, is essential for successful interactions.

Understanding the Importance of Age-Appropriate Communication:

 Developmental Stages: Children progress through various developmental

stages, each with unique cognitive, social, and linguistic abilities.
 Individual Needs: Every child has their own pace and strengths, requiring
personalized approaches to communication.
 Establishing Trust: Using appropriate communication strategies builds trust
and confidence, encouraging open dialogue and a positive learning environment.
The Framework for Effective Communication:

1. Assessment:
o Observing: Pay close attention to the child's behavior, communication
style, and level of understanding.
o Gathering Information: Talk to parents, caregivers, and educators to
gain insights into the child's developmental milestones and
communication preferences.
2. Selection of Strategies:
o Age-Appropriate Language: Use vocabulary and sentence structures
that match the child's comprehension.
o Visual Aids: Employ pictures, objects, gestures, and other visual cues to
enhance understanding.
o Active Listening: Focus on the child's message, providing verbal and
nonverbal cues to show you are engaged.
o Clear and Concise Instructions: Break down complex tasks into smaller
steps and provide clear explanations.
o Open-Ended Questions: Encourage active participation and critical
thinking by asking questions that stimulate conversation and explore their
thoughts and feelings.
3. Implementation and Adaptation:
o Flexibility: Be ready to adjust your approach based on the child's
responses and progress.
o Positive Reinforcement: Offer praise, encouragement, and rewards to
motivate and build confidence.
o Patience and Consistency: Maintain a calm and supportive
environment, providing consistent guidance and encouragement.

Examples of Age-Appropriate Communication Strategies:

 Infants and Toddlers: Use simple words, high-pitched voices, and repetition.
Engage them in play-based activities to promote interaction.
 Preschoolers: Use short sentences, concrete language, and visual aids.
Encourage storytelling and role-playing to develop language skills.
 School-Aged Children: Engage in discussions about their interests and
experiences. Encourage them to express their opinions and perspectives.

Key Points:

 Continuous Evaluation: Regularly assess the effectiveness of communication

strategies and make adjustments as needed.
 Collaboration: Work closely with parents, educators, and other professionals to
ensure consistent communication approaches.

Conclusion:

Utilizing communication strategies aligned with a child's developmental stage and

individual needs fosters a positive, supportive, and enriching environment for learning
and growth. By adapting our approaches to meet their unique communication styles, we
can build meaningful connections and empower children to thrive.