GROUP 5

MODES OF AQUIRING
CULTURE
(understanding culture, Society and
politics)

By;

Elaika Yacap John Paul Alba

Angel Leosala Erwin Terso

Ronnie Alba Ralph Selim

Modes of Acquiring Culture

1. Imitation

character and other behavioral patterns.

2. Indoctrination or Suggestion

This may take the form of formal training or informal teaching,

Formally, the person learns behaviors from listening or

watching, reading,through interaction.

3. Conditioning

The values, beliefs, and attitudes of other people are acquired

through system of reward and conditioning.

Adaptation of Culture

1. Parallelism

means that the same culture may take place in two or more

different places.

Example: The domestication of dogs, cats, pigs and other

animals may have semblance in other places

2. Diffusion

refers to those behavioral patterns that pass back and forth

from one culture to another.

Examples: food and eating practices, marriage and wedding

ceremonies, burial rituals, feast celebrations

3. Convergence

takes place when two or more cultures are fused or merged

into one culture making it different from the original culture.

4. Fission

takes place when people break away from their original

culture and start developing a different culture of their own.

5. Acculturation

refers to the different cultural groups come into contact with

one other and results in cultural change of either one or

both(imitation, borrowing, or personal contact with other

people.)

6. Assimilation

occurs when the culture of a larger society is adopted by a

smaller society, that smaller society assumes some of the

culture of the larger society or cost society.

7. Accommodation
occurs when the larger society and smaller society are able to

respect and tolerate each other's culture

Causes of Cultural Change

1. Discovery

is the process of finding a new place or an object, artefact or

anything that previously existed.

For example, the discovery of fire led to the art of cooking;

discovery of oil, of organisms and substances; of diseases; of

atoms and sources of energy.

2. Invention

implies a creative mental process of devising, creating and

producing something new, novel or original; It could be either

social or material or it could also be invention of new methods

or techniques..

Example of social invention: invention of number system,

government, language, democracy, religion, and alphabet

Example of Material Invention: invention of the wheel,

machines

3. Diffusion

is the spread of cultural traits or social practices from a

society or group to another forms. It involves the following

social processes:

a. Acculturation - cultural borrowing and cultural imitation

Example: The Filipinos are said to be the best English speaking

people of Asia.

b. Assimilation - the blending or fusion of two distinct

cultures through long periods of interaction

Example: Americanization of Filipino immigrants to the US

b. Amalgamation the biological or hereditary fusion of

members of different societies

c. Example: Marriage between a Filipino and an American

d. Enculturation - the deliberate infusion of a new culture to

 another

e. Example: The teaching of American history and culture to

the Filipinos during the early American Regime

4. Colonization

refers to the political, social, and political policy of

establishing a colony which would be subject to the rule or

governance of the colonizing state. For example, the

Hispanization of Filipino culture when the Spaniards came and

conquered the Philippines.

5. Rebellon and revolutionary

movements aim to change the whole social order and replace

the leadership. (values and organization )

Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism and Cultural Relativism

as Orientations in Viewing Other Cultures

Cultural variation is the differences in social behaviors that

different cultures exhbit around the world. What may be

considered good etiquette in one culture may be considered

bad etiquette in another. In relation to this, there are

important perceptions on cultural variability: ethnocentrism,

xenocentrism and cultural relativism.

Etnocentrism is a perception that arises from the fact that

cultures differ and cach culture defines reality differently. This

happens when judging another culture solely by the values

and standards of one's own culture . This is the feeling or

belief that one's culture is better than the rest.

Whereas, xenocentrism is the opposite of ethnocentrism, the

belief that one's culture is inferior compared to others. People

are highly influenced by the culture or many culture outside

the realm of their society.

Cultural relativism is an attempt to judge behavior according

to its cultural context. It is a principle that an individual

person's beliefs and activities.

(a)different socicities have different moral code;

(b) the moral code of a society determines what is right or

wrong within the society;

(c) there are no moral truths that hold for all people at all

times;

(d) the moral code of our own society has no special status, it

is but one among many; and

(e) it is arrogant for us to judge other cultures, so we have to

be tolerant to them.

Other Important Terms Related to Culture

1. Cultural diversity
refers the differentiation of culture all over the world is

appropriate which means there is no right or wrong culture

but there culture for the need of a specific group of people.

2. Sub-culture

refers to a smaller group within a larger culture.

3. Counterculture

refers that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a

society

(example in the 1960's counter culture among teenagers

reflect long hair, blue jeans, peace sign, rock and roll music

and drug abuse).

4. Culture lag

is experienced when some parts of the society do not change

as fast as with other parts and they are left behind

5. Culture shock

is the inability to read meaning in one's surroundings, feeling

of lost and isolation, unsure to act as a consequence of being

outside the symbolic web of culture that binds others.

6. Ideal culture

refers to the social patterns mandated by cultural values and

norms

7. Real culture

refers to the actual patterns that only approximate cultural

expectations.

8. High culture

refers to the cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite

9. Popular culture

refers to the cultural patterns that are widespread among a

society's population.

[Link] change
is the manner by which culture evolves.