Conducting Surveys,
Experiments or Observations
Module in English for Academic and
Professional Purposes (EAPP) 11/12
Quarter 2- Week 6
DIALYN A. GORIO
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Published by
Learning Resource Management and Development System
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2021
Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:
“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”
This material has been developed for the implementation of K to12 Curriculum
through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City – Curriculum Implementation
Division (CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must
be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.
i
PREFACE
This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
particularly the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department
of Education, Cordillera Administrative Region which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.
This learning material is a property of the Department of Education, CID-
CAR. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in English.
Date of Development February 2021
Resource Location DepEd-CAR-LRMS
English for Academic and Professional
Learning Area
Purposes (EAPP)
Grade Level 11
Learning Resource Type Module
Language English
Quarter/Week Q2/W6
Learning Competency Code CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-j-8
Learning Competency Conducts surveys, experiments or
observations
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without them.
Development Team
Author/Developer: Dialyn A. Gorio
School Learning Resources Management Committee
Brenda M. Cariño School Head / Principal
Janet B. Pascua OIC- Assistant School Head
Warren L. Ambat Subject / Learning Area Specialist
Sherwin Fernando School LR Coordinator
Quality Assurance Team
Lillian S. Pagulongan EPS-English
Niño M. Tibangay PSDS- District 3
Learning Resource Management Section Staff
Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I
Ariel Botacion Admin. Assistant
CONSULTANTS
JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD
Chief Education Supervisor – CID
CHRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO, PhD
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COPYRIGHT NOTICE………………………………………………….………….. ii
PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………...…… iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………….,…..…….…... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………….…... v
TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………… 1
What I Need to Know………………………………………………………………. 2
What I Know ………………………………………………………………………… 3
What's In……………………………………………………………………………… 4
What's New
Activity: Interviewing Parents……….………………………….…………………. 4
What Is It………………………………………………………………………………. 5
What's More
Activity 1: Administering Surveys ……………………………………………….. 7
Activity 2: Drawing Conclusions ………………………………………………... 8
What I Have Learned
Activity: Wrap It Up……………………………………………………................ 8
What I Can Do………………………………………………………......................... 8
Post-Assessment…………………………………………………………………….. 9
Additional Activity
Activity: Survey and Observation………………………………………………... 10
Answer Key…………………………………………………………………………… 11
REFERENCES…………………………………………………...…….…….………. 11
iv
Conducting Surveys,
Experiments or Observations
Module in English for Academic and
Professional Purposes (EAPP) 11/12
Quarter 2- Week 6
DIALYN A. GORIO
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region
What I Need to Know
Hello learner! This module was designed and written with you in mind. Primarily, its
scope will equip your knowledge on how to conduct survey questionnaires for your academic
research.
While going through this module, you are expected to:
1. demonstrate understanding of conducting surveys and observations by
accomplishing related activities correctly, and
2. conduct survey using any of the discussed survey methods.
By the way, always remember to use a separate sheet of paper for you to write your
answers on the different activities presented in this learning module. DO NOT ANSWER
here directly.
Now, here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module. The
descriptions will guide you on what to expect on each part of the module.
Label Description
What I need to This states the learning objectives that you need to achieve as you
know study this module.
What I know This is to check what you already know about the lesson on this
module.
What’s In This connects the current lesson with a topic or concept necessary to
your understanding.
What’s New This introduces the lesson to be tackled through an activity.
What’s In it This contains a brief discussion of the learning module lesson. Think
of it as the lecture section of the lesson.
What’s More These are activities to check your understanding and to apply what
you have learned from the lesson.
What I have This generalizes the essential ideas tackled from this module.
Learned
What I Can Do This is a real life application of what you have learned.
Post-Assessment This is an evaluation of what you have learned from this learning
material.
Additional Activity This is an activity that will strengthen and fortify your knowledge
about the lesson.
2
What I Know
ALTERNATE RESPONSE: Write TRUE if the statement conveys a fact, and FALSE if
otherwise.
1. A survey is a method of gathering and compiling information from a group of people, more
often known as the sample, to gain knowledge by organizations, businesses, or institutions.
2. Surveys are the only source of information for making decisions.
3. Online survey consists of survey questions that can be easily deployed to the respondents
via email, or they can simply access the survey if they have an internet connection.
4. Paper survey uses the traditional paper and pencil approach.
5. One-to-one interviews are not in-person interviews.
6. Observational research is not time consuming.
7. If your respondents are comfortable or willing to answer questions about the topic,
consider observation as a method.
8. You must be able to observe what is relevant to your study.
9. You cannot observe behaviors and make inferences about attitudes.
10. Telephone surveys are time-consuming and sometimes non-conclusive.
11. The one-to-one interview helps researchers gather information or data directly from a
respondent.
12. A good questionnaire must be valid, but not necessarily reliable.
13. Observation is a very convenient way of collecting information from a large number of
people within a period of time
14. The design of the questionnaire is of utmost importance to ensure accurate data is
collected.
15. Paper surveys include deploying a large number of human resources, along with time
and money.
3
What's In
In the previous lesson, you have learned that in a survey, the researcher uses a
questionnaire to gather information from the respondents. It is a very convenient way of
collecting information from a large number of people within a period of time. Hence, the
design of the questionnaire is of utmost importance to ensure accurate data is collected. The
diagram below summarizes the qualities of a good questionnaire.
reliable
good
interesting questionnaire valid
concise
What's New
After crafting your data gathering tool, you are now ready to gather the data you
need. This can be done through surveys, experiments or observations. In our lesson, we
shall focus on conducting observations and on the administration of survey-questionnaires to
your target population.
In conducting surveys, one of the methods includes interviews. Do the following
activity, and write the data you have gathered on your answer sheet.
Activity: Interviewing Parents
I. Interview your parent/ guardian regarding his/her distance learning experiences. The
questions on the next page will serve as your guide.
4
Interview Question Answer of
Parent/Guardian
1. How is your child/children’s social-emotional health?
*so social-emotional health- the ability to understand and
manage one's emotions reactions and relationships
([Link]
2. Are you confident that your child makes adequate academic
progress through remote learning (modular learning)? Why?
Why not?
3. How frequently do you assist your child with his/her
schoolwork? Why?
4. What more can the school do to improve its distance
learning initiatives?
II. Briefly share your interview experience in 2-3 sentences only. Did you encounter
problems in conducting your interview? Why or why not?
What Is It
Conducting Surveys
Technically, a survey is a method of gathering and compiling information from a
group of people, more often known as the sample, to gain knowledge by organizations,
businesses, or institutions. This information or opinion collected from the sample is more
often a generalization of what a large population thinks. To conduct surveys, the following
may be employed: in-person interviews, by telephone, through the mail, and over the
Internet.
1. One-to-One interviews (In-person Interviews)
The one-to-one interview helps researchers gather information or data directly from a
respondent. The previous activity that you have done (Parental Interview) is an example of
this method of conducting surveys. It’s a qualitative research method and depends on the
knowledge and experience of a researcher to frame and ask relevant questions one after the
other to collect meaningful insights from the interview. These interviews can last from 30
minutes up to a few hours.
Pros: Questions on the survey that are asked directly to the respondent by the researcher
usually produces good response rates if visual materials are required during the survey. This
also provides a great opportunity for the researcher to observe the participants.
5
Cons: There’s a higher chance of bias due to the interaction between the respondent and
the interviewer. The principle of anonymity is also lost. It is neither ideal if the participants
are located in different geographical areas
TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE RESEARCH INTERVIEWS
(Maya Thomas and M.J. Thomas)
1. Make sure the research question is clear.
2. Develop a check list of the questions to be asked during the interview.
3. Express clearly the purpose of the interview.
4. Start with a neutral question to facilitate free flow of information.
5. Use open-ended questions so that the respondent can choose his answer.
6. Limit the content of each question with a single idea to avoid confusion.
7. Reduce questions that give responses of `yes' or `no', because they give limited
information.
8. Do not influence the respondent by asking leading questions.
9. If you have not understood the response ask the respondent to repeat and clarify.
10. Do not assume answers.
11. Do not pass judgements.
12. Avoid irrelevant discussions.
13. When you change the tack, inform the respondent that you are doing so.
14. Keep the interview short.
15. At the end of the interview summarize the points reported and ask the respondent if
the summary is correct.
2. Online surveys [Link]
One of the most popular types is an online survey. With technology advancing many
folds with each passing day, an online survey is becoming more popular. This survey
consists of survey questions that can be easily deployed to the respondents online via email,
or they can simply access the survey if they have an internet connection. These surveys are
easy to design and simple to conduct. Respondents are given ample time and space to
answer these surveys, and so researchers can expect unbiased responses. They are less
expensive, and data can be collected and analyzed quickly.
Pros: The online survey technique is ideal for a survey requiring a huge sample size and/or
a sample whose members live in wide geographical areas. This is also less expensive
compared to sending survey through mail. Also, many survey companies can help you
conduct the survey online with decent precision.
Cons: The members of the sample must be computer literate in order to answer the survey
questions online. This method may also require giving an incentive to the participants.
3. Paper Surveys
As the name suggests, this survey uses the traditional paper and pencil approach.
Many would believe that paper surveys are a thing of the past. However, they are quite
handy when it comes to field research and data collection. These surveys can go where
computers, laptops or other handheld devices cannot go. This survey type, however, is the
6
most expensive method of data collection. It includes deploying a large number of human
resources, along with time and money.
Pros: A traditional survey administration method, the paper-and-pencil survey is ideal for
respondents who are not computer literate or do not have an access to the Internet.
Cons: The paper-and-pencil self-administered technique usually requires the researcher to be
present during the administration, and also necessitates doing the expensive reproduction of
survey questionnaires and the tiring manual distribution of the questionnaires to the
respondents.
4. Telephone Surveys
Researchers conduct these over telephones. Respondents need to answer questions
related to the research topic. These surveys are time-consuming and sometimes non-
conclusive. The success of these depends on how many people answer the phone and want
to invest their time answering questions over the telephone.
Pros: This method can be used for asking consequential questions. It provides anonymity
better than face-to-face interviews.
Cons: Telephone surveys are not ideal for data gathering which requires the participants to
see a visual material. In addition, telephone calls for survey purposes are not appropriate if
long questions are to be asked.
What’s More
Activity 1. Administering Survey-Questionnaire
In the previous module, yuu have crafted your survey questionnaire (Module 5- What
I Can Do) regarding academic honesty in distance learning. Administer this questionnaire
to ten senior high school students using any of the four discussed methods.
In the survey that you have conducted, count the answers of your respondents in
each survey question. Make sure to tally the answers per item in the likert scale. Copy and
accomplishh the template below.
Survey Question Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
1. Students allow their classmates to copy
their answers in the modules.
2.
7
3.
4.
5
6
7
8
9
10
TOTAL (Add all the results in each item) ? ? ? ?
AVERAGE ( Total per item divided by 10) ? ? ? ?
Activity 2. Drawing Conclusions
Answer the following questions based on the survey you have conducted.
1. How did you administer your survey?
2. Was it easy to adminster your questionnaire using the method that you have
chosen? Why or why not?
3. Based on the results, what conclusion about academic honesty in distance
learning can you draw?
What I Have Learned
Activity: Wrap It Up
This activity was adopted from Lewis and Thompson (2010). Complete the sentence
promp below.
Three important ideas/things from the lesson today are __________, __________, and
__________, but the most important thing I learned today is __________.
What I Can Do
Surveys are by no means the only source of information for making decisions, nor
are they necessarily the most relevant. Observations can also be a good source of
information. However, there are few things to be considered before conducting observation
as a data gathering method. In the research topic, Academic Honesty in Distance Learning,
should you or shouldn't you collect your data through observation? Answer the following
questions in your answer sheet.
Yes/ No
1. Is the topic sensitive?
8
*If your respondents are uncomfortable or unwilling to answer questions
about the topic, consider observation as a method.
2. Can you observe the phenomenon/event/incident?
*You must be able to observe what is relevant to your study. Let's face it,
you could observe and observe but if you never see what you're studying you
are wasting your time. You can't see attitudes. Although you can observe
behaviors and make inferences about attitudes. Also, you can't be
everywhere. There are certain things you can't observe. For example,
questions regarding sexual behavior are better left to a survey.
3. Do you have a lot of time?
*Observational research may be time consuming. In order to obtain
reliability, behaviors must be observed several times. It is in the researcher’s
best interest to observe for a long period of time.
CONCLUSION: Is it appropriate for you to conduct observation as a data gathering method
for your topic, Academic Honesty in Distanced Learning? Briefly explain you answer in 2-3
sentences.
Post-Assessment
ALTERNATE RESPONSE: Write TRUE if the statement conveys a fact, and FALSE if
otherwise.
1. A survey is a method of gathering and compiling information from a group of people, more
often known as the sample, to gain knowledge by organizations, businesses, or institutions.
2. Surveys are the only source of information for making decisions.
3. Online survey consists of survey questions that can be easily deployed to the respondents
via email, or they can simply access the survey if they have an internet connection.
4. Paper survey uses the traditional paper and pencil approach.
5. One-to-one interviews are not in-person interviews.
6. Observational research is not time consuming.
7. If your respondents are comfortable or willing to answer questions about the topic,
consider observation as a method.
9
8. You must be able to observe what is relevant to your study.
9. You cannot observe behaviors and make inferences about attitudes.
10. Telephone surveys are time-consuming and sometimes non-conclusive.
11. The one-to-one interview helps researchers gather information or data directly from a
respondent.
12. A good questionnaire must be valid, but not necessarily reliable.
13. Observation is a very convenient way of collecting information from a large number of
people within a period of time
14. The design of the questionnaire is of utmost importance to ensure accurate data is
collected.
15. Paper surveys include deploying a large number of human resources, along with time
and money.
Additional Activity
Activity:
Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast survey and observation as data
gathering methods. Be guided by the rubric below.
Strong Grasp Progressing Not in Evidence
Placement of 5 4 3
statements within the
Venn diagram All statements noting Most statements are Few statements are
similarities are placed placed in the correct placed in the correct
in the center circle and circle, but student circle.
all statements that mixed up a few
note differences are statements.
placed in the correct
outer circle
Number of Quality 5 4 3
Statements
Student is able to Student is able to Student makes two or
make five or more make 3–4 comparison fewer comparison
comparison statements in each statements in each
statements in each circle. circle.
circle.
10
Answer Key
References
Barrot, J. and Sipacio,P. Communicate today: English for academic and professional
purposes for senior high school. 2016. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Brown, L. Observational field research. 2019.
[Link]
gh%[Link]
Harvard University. Questionnaire design tip sheet. 2019.
[Link]
Lewis, Ann, and Aleta Thompson. 2010. Quick summarizing strategies to use in the
[Link].
[Link]
Roopa, S. Questionnaire designing for a survey. J IndOrthodSoc 2012.
[Link]
Sage Publications. Conducting surveys. (n.d.)
[Link]
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education-Cordillera Administrative Region
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Telefax: 422-1318 / 422-4074
Email Address: car@[Link]
Social Media: [Link]/DepEdTayoCordillera
11
