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Beginner's Arabic Lesson 4

arabic lessons

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
80 views24 pages

Beginner's Arabic Lesson 4

arabic lessons

Uploaded by

naeemjeewani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BEGINNER’S ARABIC

‫اللغةالعربية‬

Lesson 4
Dr Muhammad S Anwar
‫كلمة‬
‫‪Word‬‬

‫ﻻ تدل على معنى فى نفسها‬ ‫تدل على معنى فى نفسها‬


‫‪Incomplete meaning‬‬ ‫‪Meaningful word‬‬

‫يقترن معناها باحد اﻻزمنة الثﻼثة‬ ‫ﻻ يقترن معناها باحد اﻻزمنة الثﻼثة‬
‫حرف‬ ‫‪Time bound‬‬ ‫‪Timeless‬‬

‫فعل‬ ‫اسم‬
‫حرف جر‬ ‫ﰱ ِ‬
‫البيت‬

‫ال‬ ‫جل‬
‫الر ُ‬‫ّ‬
‫ﰱ اﻻبتداء‬
‫مشبه لغعل‬ ‫اِ ّن زي ًدا‬

‫حرف نداء‬ ‫نوح‬


‫ُ‬
‫عﻼمات اسم‬

‫ﰱ الوسط‬ ‫مصغّر‬ ‫اُ َسيد ‪ُ -‬عبَيد‬


‫لفظي‬
‫تنوين‬ ‫خال ٌد‬

‫ء النسبة‬ ‫ي‬
‫بغداد ﱞ‬

‫ﰱ اﻻخر‬ ‫تثنية‬ ‫سجدان ‪ -‬ولَ ِ‬


‫دان‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َم‬
‫َ‬
‫ﲨع‬ ‫مسلمو َن‬

‫ء مربوطة‬ ‫طلحةُ‬
‫ واحد‬Singular ‫ معرفة‬Definite
‫ تثنية‬Dual
‫ جمع‬Plural ‫ نكرة‬Indefinite

‫اقسام اﻻسم‬
Types of Noun

‫ مرفوع‬Nominative ‫ مذكر‬Masculine
‫ منصوب‬Accusative ‫ مونث‬Feminine
‫ مجرور‬Genitive
‫اسم ذات‬
‫‪Indefinite‬‬ ‫‪Common Noun‬‬
‫َر ُج ٌل َبيتٌ‬
‫نكرة‬ ‫اسم صفات‬
‫‪Adjective‬‬
‫س ٌن ك ٌ‬
‫َبير‬ ‫َح َ‬
‫اسم الضمير‬
‫‪Pronoun‬‬
‫أنا اَنتَ ُه َو‬
‫‪Noun‬‬
‫اسم العلم‬
‫اسم‬
‫‪Proper Noun‬‬
‫َخال ٌد مري ُم‬
‫كلمة ‪Word‬‬

‫اسم الموصول‬
‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪Relative Pronoun‬‬
‫الذى التى‬
‫فعل‬
‫‪Definite‬‬ ‫اسم اﻻشارة‬
‫معرفة‬ ‫‪Indicative Pronoun‬‬
‫هذَا تلكَ‬
‫‪Particle‬‬
‫معرف باﻻم‬
‫حرف‬
‫’‪Addition of ‘AL‬‬
‫الر ُج ُل البَيتُ‬
‫منادى‬
‫‪Vocative‬‬
‫يا َولَ ُد يا بنتُ‬
‫مضاف الى معرفة‬
‫‪Possession‬‬
‫بيتُ ﷲ‬
COMPOUNDS - ‫مركب‬

• A combination of two or more words is


called ‫مركب‬
• The relation between the words called ‫تركيب‬
• Compounds are of two types:
1. Complete compounds (‫)مركبتام‬
2. Incomplete compounds (‫)مركبناقص‬
‫‪Compound‬‬
‫مركب‬

‫‪Complete‬‬ ‫‪Incomplete‬‬
‫تام‬ ‫ناقص‬

‫مركبتوصيفى‬
‫‪Sentence‬‬
‫جملة‬ ‫مركباضافى‬
‫مركبعددى‬
‫مركب اشارى‬
ADJECTIVAL PHRASE - ‫مركبتوصيفى‬

• A compound of words in which the second


word describes or qualifies the first word.
• The first part of ‫ مركبتوصيفى‬is called ‫موصوف‬
• The second part is called ‫صفة‬
• E.g. ‫صا ِل ٌح‬
َ ‫َر ُج ٌل‬
• ‫ َر ُج ٌل‬is ‫صا ِل ٌح & موصوف‬
َ is ‫صفة‬
‫ – مركب توصيفى‬ADJECTIVAL COMPOUND

• Gender • Number
‫واحد‬
‫مذكر‬ ‫تثنية‬
‫مؤنث‬ ‫جمع‬

‫مرفوع‬
‫معرفة‬
‫منصوب‬
‫نكرة‬
‫مجرور‬
• Definitiveness • Declension
‫‪ – ADJECTIVAL COMPOUND‬مركب توصيفى‬

‫صفة )نعت(‬ ‫موصوف )منعوت(‬


‫معرفة‬ ‫معرفة‬
‫نكرة‬ ‫نكرة‬
‫مذكر‬ ‫مذكر‬
‫مؤنث‬ ‫مؤنث‬
‫واحد‬ ‫واحد‬
‫تثنية‬ ‫تثنية‬
‫‪*One exception‬‬ ‫جمع*‬ ‫جمع‬
‫اعراب‬ ‫اعراب‬
Compound Meaning Compound Meaning

The strong palace The small house

A beautiful flower A beautiful horse

The ugly man The wide house

The broad street The sweet fruit

A pious man The good horse

The sweet milk A small place

The just king The good bread or


the good milk

The great palace A pious boy and a


transgressing boy

The easy lesson The large mosque


and a small garden
Compound Meaning Compound Meaning

The strong palace ‫القصر المشي ُد‬ The small house ‫القصير‬ ُ‫البيت‬
ُ ُ
A beautiful flower ٌ‫زهرةٌ جميلة‬ A beautiful horse ‫فرس جمي ٌل‬
ٌ
The ugly man ‫الرج ُل القبي ُح‬
ّ The wide house ‫العريض‬
ُ ُ‫البيت‬
The broad street ‫ع الوسي ُع‬
ُ ‫الشار‬ The sweet fruit ُ ‫الثّ َم ُر ال ُح‬
‫لو‬
A pious man ‫رج ٌل صال ٌح‬ The good horse ‫الفرس الحس ُن‬
َ
The sweet milk ‫الحلو‬
ُ ُ ّ‫الل‬
‫بن‬ A small place ‫قصير‬
ٌ ‫مح ﱞل‬
The just king ‫الم ِلكُ العاد ُل‬ The good bread or ُ
‫الخبز الجي ُد أو‬
the good milk
‫اللبن الجيّ ُد‬
The great palace ‫القصر العظي ُم‬
ُ A pious boy and a ‫ول ٌد صال ٌح و ول ٌد‬
transgressing boy
‫ﻖ‬
ٌ ‫فاس‬
The easy lesson ‫سه ُل‬
ّ ‫الدرس ال‬ The large mosque ‫الكبير و‬
ُ ‫المسج ُد‬
and a small garden
‫صغير‬
ٌ ٌ
‫بستان‬
FEMININE

• Name of a woman
ُ‫مريم‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫زين‬

• Attribute of a woman
ٌ‫ﺤامﻞ‬ ٌ‫ﺤاﺌﺾ‬ ٌ‫عروس‬
SIGNS OF FEMININITY
‫تاﺀ تانيث‬
• Also called ‫( ﺘاﺀ مدوّرة‬mudawwarah)
• A sign of femininity - ‫ة‬
ٌ‫اسﺘاذة‬ ٌ‫ج ﱠدة‬ ٌ‫حلوة‬ ٌ‫جيدة‬
• When combined, its written like this - ‫ة‬
ٌ‫غرفَة‬
ُ ٌ ‫ضة‬
َ ‫ُم َم ِ ّر‬ ٌ‫سا ِرقَة‬

• Some words are masculine despite having ‫ﺘاﺀ مدوّرة‬


at the end
ٌ‫َخليفَة‬ ُ‫َطل َحة‬ ُ‫عﻼ َمة‬
‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫ُمعا ِو َية‬
‫الف مقصورة‬
Names & Attributes
• ‫سلمى‬
• ‫نعمى‬
• ‫عﻈمى‬
• ‫كبرى‬
• ‫صغرى‬

Some words are masculine in spite of having


‫ الف مقصورة‬at the end
• ‫موسَى‬
• ‫عيسَى‬
‫الف ممدودة‬

Nouns with alif mamdoodah are generally


feminine
• ُ‫صَﺤراﺀ‬
• ُ‫ﺤَسناﺀ‬
• ُ‫زَهراﺀ‬
‫مؤنث سماﻋى‬
• These are feminine because Arabs consider it to be
so. They carry none of the three signs of femininity.
• Names of places & tribes:

‫قريش‬ ‫مﺼر‬ ‫الروم‬


• The body parts in couples:

‫قَ َد ٌم‬ ‫عَي ٌن‬ ٌ‫يَد‬


• Few others:

‫س ِ ّكي ٌن‬
ِ ‫سقَ ُر‬
َ ُ‫عَن َكبُوت‬ ٌ ُ‫ف‬
‫لك‬
RULES
• When stopping at a word with taa mudawwarah,
(‫ )ﺘاﺀ مدوّرة‬the taa should be pronounced as haa

‫عاﺌشة = عاﺌشه‬
• Just as an adjective corresponds to its noun in
being definite or indefinite, so does it correspond
in gender.
ٌ‫ابنَةٌ ﺼا ِل َحة‬

ٌ‫اب ٌن ﺼالح‬
‫‪FEMININE‬‬

‫ِبالتّاء‬ ‫حمزة‪ ,‬فاطمة‬

‫لفظي‬ ‫ورة‬
‫ص َ‬‫ِباﻻلف المق ُ‬ ‫عيسى‪ ,‬نعمى‬
‫َ‬

‫ِباﻻلف الممدودة‬ ‫صحراء‪ ,‬زهراء‬

‫حقيقي‬ ‫عروس‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫زينب‪ ,‬هن ٌد‪,‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫معنوي‬
‫سماعي‬ ‫شمس‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫نار‪,‬‬
‫دار‪ٌ ,‬‬
‫ٌ‬
EXERCISE
• Change the gender:
ٌ‫ َج ِدي َدة‬, ‫ بَ ِخي ٌل‬, ‫حاض ٌر‬
ِ ٌ ‫ جا ِل‬, ‫ ُمعَ ِلّ ٌم‬, ٌ‫ َط ِويلَة‬, ‫ﻖ‬
,‫س‬ ٌ ‫ ُمناف‬, ‫ع ﱞم‬
َ
• Translate into Arabic:
• a long hand, - the big fish,
• a bright sun, - the red rose,
• the black stone, - a wise man,
• the short man, - the tall woman,
• a truthful mother, - the big sister
MORPHOLOGY
‫ص ْرف‬
‫ال ﱠ‬
THE NOMINATIVE DETACHED PRONOUN
‫الضمائرالمرفوعةالمنفصلة‬
PARADIGM OF ACTIVE PAST
PERFECT TENSE

‫الفعل الماضي المعروف‬


3RD Person ‫ص َر‬
2nd Person
َ َ‫ن‬ 1st Person

He worshipped ‫ع َب َد‬
َ You (man)
worshipped
‫عبَ ْدتﱠ‬
َ I (man & woman)
worshipped ‫عبَ ْد تﱡ‬
َ
They (both men)
worshipped
‫ع َب َدا‬
َ You (both men)
worshipped
‫ع َب ْدت ﱡ َما‬
َ We (all men &
women) ‫عبَ ْدنَا‬
َ
worshipped

They (all men)


worshipped
‫عبَ ُدوا‬
َ You (all men)
worshipped
‫عبَ ْدت ﱡ ْم‬
َ We (both & all
men & women) ‫ع َب ْدنَا‬
َ
worshipped

She worshipped ‫عبَ َد ْت‬


َ You (woman)
worshipped
ِ ّ ‫عبَ ْد‬
‫ت‬ َ I (man & woman)
worshipped ‫ع َب ْدتﱡ‬
َ

They (both
women) ‫عبَ َدتَا‬
َ You (both women)
worshipped
‫عبَ ْدت ﱡ َما‬
َ We (all men &
women) ‫عبَ ْدنَا‬
َ
worshipped worshipped

They (all women) ‫عبَ ْد َن‬


َ You (all women) ‫ع َب ْدت ﱡ ﱠن‬
َ We (all men &
women) ‫عبَ ْدنَا‬
َ
worshipped worshipped
worshipped

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