OFFICE OF THE CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS

Periyar Nagar, Vallam Thanjavur -613 403, Tamil Nadu, India

Phone: +91 - 4362 -264600 Fax: +91 - 4362 - 264660
Email: coe@[Link] Web: [Link]

“Rules and Regulations”

For submission of Project Report by Candidates of

UG and PG Courses

1. Following is the order of arrangement of the contents of Project Report.

1. Cover Page & Title Page

2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Abstract
4. Table of Contents
5. List of Tables
6. List of Figures
7. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
8. Chapters – I, II. III, IV, V
9. Reference
10. Appendices

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

2. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING :

The project report should be in A4 size, bound using flexible cover of the thick
art paper. The cover should be printed in black letters and the text for printing
should be identical.
Colour of the Wrapper: 1. Sky blue for UG Courses
2. Light Green for PG Courses

3. FORMAT:
3.1 Cover Page & Title – A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title
Page page of the project report are given in
Annexure 1.

3.2 Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double

line spacing using Font Style Times New
Roman and Font Size 12, as per the format
in Annexure 2.

The certificate shall carry the name and

signature of the supervisor and the HOD.

1
 3.3 Abstract - Abstract should be one page synopsis (10 –
15 lines) of the project report typed double
line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman
and Font Size 12.

3.4 Table of Contents - The table of contents should contain all

material The title page and Bonafide
Certificate will not find a place in the Table
of Contents but the page numbers are in
lower case Roman letters. One and a half
spacing should be adopted for typing. A
specimen copy of the Table of Contents of
the project report is given in Annexure 3.

3.5 List of Tables - The list should contain exactly the same
captions as they appear above the tables in
the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing.

3.6 List of Figures – The list should contain exactly the same
captions as they appear below the figures in
the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing.

3.7 List of Symbols, - One and a half spacing should be adopted

Abbreviations and for typing Standard symbols, abbreviations
Nomenclature etc.

3.8 Chapters - The chapters may be broadly divided into

5 parts (i) Introduction (ii) Review of
Literature (iii) Experimental Methods
(iv) Results and Discussion (v) Summary
and conclusion

(The main text will be divided into several

chapters and each chapter may be further
divided into several divisions and sub-
divisions).
 Each chapter should have appropriate
 title.
 Tables and figures in a chapter should
be placed in the immediate vicinity of
 the reference where they are cited.
 Footnotes should be used sparingly.
They should be typed single space and
placed directly underneath.

2
 3.9 Appendices - Appendices are to be provided to indicate
supplementary information.

Appendices should be numbered, referred

in the text and should carry the title also.
3.10 Binding - The report should be hard bound and not
spiral bound

3.11 List of References - The listing of reference should be typed 4

spaces below the heading

“REFERENCE” in alphabetical order in

single spacing left – justified.
(Vide the example)

REFERENCE
1. Ariponnammal, S. and Natarajan, S. (1994) „Transport Phonomena
of Sm Sel – X Asx‟, Pramana – Journal of Physics Vol.42, No.1,
pp.421-425.
2. Barnard, R.W. and Kellogg, C. (1980) „Applications of Convolution
Operators to Problems in Univalent Function Theory‟, Michigan
Mach, J., Vol.27, pp.81–94.
3. Shin, K.G. and Mckay, N.D. (1984) „Open Loop Minimum Time
Control of Mechanical Manipulations and its Applications‟,
[Link]., San Diego, CA, pp. 1231-1236.

3.11 Table and figures - Numerical Data are to be provided in the

table.
All other non-verbal materials such as
charts, graphs, maps, photographs and
diagrams are to be called as figures.
4. TYPING :
The impression should be black in colour.

One and a half spacing should be maintained for typing the general text. The
general text shall be typed in the Font style „Times New Roman‟ and
Font size 12.

5. The total number of Pages may be 75-100 excluding figures, sketches, diagrams.

6. No. of Copies to be prepared : 2 Hard bound Copies + 1 soft copy are to be

submitted
First Hard bound copy is students copy
Second Hard bound copy should be sent to
the Library.
Soft copy should be retained in the
Department with the due markings of
identification. i.e. topic, Reg. No, year etc.,

3
 ANNEXURE 1
(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)
<Font Style Times New Roman – Bold>

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

<Font Size 18><1.5 line spacing>

A PROJECT REPORT
<Font Size 14>

Submitted by
<Font Size 14><Italic>

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)

<Font Size 16>

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of
<Font Size 14><1.5 line spacing><Italic>

NAME OF THE DEGREE

<Font Size 16>

IN

BRANCH OF STUDY
<Font Size 14>

PERIYAR NAGAR, VALLAM-613 403, THANJAVUR.

<Font Size 10><1.5 line spacing>

MONTH & YEAR

<Font Size 14>

4
 ANNEXURE 2
(A typical specimen of Bonafide Certificate)
<Font Style Times New Roman>
Periyar Nagar, Vallam Thanjavur-613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
Phone: +91- 4362 -264600 Fax: +91 - 4362- 264660
Email: coe@[Link] Web:[Link]

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
<Font Style Times New Roman – size -16>

Certified that this project report “………. title of the

project……………..” is the bonafide work of “…………..name of the

candidate(s).…………” who carried out the project work under my

supervision.

Signature :

Name :

Head of the Department Supervisor

Date :

Submitted for Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology Project/Thesis

Viva-voce Examination held on ……………………. at Periyar Maniammai Institute

of Science and Technology (PMIST).

Signature :

Name :

External Examiner Internal Examiner

Date :

<Font Style Times New Roman – size -14>

5
SPECIMEN

REAL TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF DRIP

IRRIGATION USING PLC

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

JENIFAR J (113011014334)
MYTHILI M (113011014339)
SUSHMITHA J (113011014344)
VENKATESAN S (113012014360)

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEEERING

PERIYAR NAGAR, VALLAM-613 403, THANJAVUR

NOVEMBER 2018
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering
Periyar Nagar, Vallam Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
Phone: +91 - 4362 - 264600 Fax: +91- 4362 - 264660
Email: headeee@[Link] Web: [Link]

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “Real Time Implementation of Drip Irrigation
Using PLC” is the bonafide work of “Jenifar J (113011014334), Mythili M
(113011014339), Sushmitha J (113011014344) , Venkatesan S (113012014360)” who
carried out the project work under my supervision.

Signature :

Name : Dr. [Link] [Link]

Head of the Department Supervisor

Date :

Submitted for Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology for XEE 707 Project
Phase –I Viva-voce Examination held on ________.

Signature :

Name :

External Examiner Internal Examiner

Date :

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel very proud to study in Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and

Technology, Vallam which is a prestigious institution. We express our great respect and
gratitude to our mentor and social reformer, THANTHAI PERIYAR.

We would like to express our sincere thanks and gratitude to our Esteemed Chancellor
Dr. K. VEERAMANI for giving us an opportunity to be a part of this institution.

We would like to express our heartfelt thanks and respect to our Hon’ble
Vice-Chancellor Dr. S. VELUSAMI for his encouragement and motivation to do this project.

We would like to express our immense gratitude to our respected Registrar

Dr. S.A. DHANARAJ for providing us the necessary infrastructure throughout the course of
the project.

We take immense pleasure in thanking our Head of the Department,

Dr. N. MURUGANANTHAM who was behind us in each and every activity of ours and
constantly encouraged us in finishing this project successfully.

We take great pleasure in thanking our Project Co-ordinator,

Mrs. V. HAMSADHWANI for her insightful comments and encouragement throughout the
project.

We immensely thank our Project Guide, Mrs. L. SAROJINI for her valuable and
timely suggestions and guidance for the successful completion of this project.

Last but not the least, we also thank all our Department faculty members, Non-teaching
staffs and our beloved parents and for providing continuous guidance and moral support
throughout the study.

IV
 ABSTRACT

This project aims to develop the automated drip irrigation using PLC and biosensors
for monitoring and managing the agriculture field. Drip Irrigation is a progressing technology
in the field of Agriculture and irrigation. It is an irrigation method that saves water and
fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plant, through a network of valves,
pipes and emitters. Automatically water will irrigate 4hrs/day at near the root of the plant
through emitters using biosensors and also 3 days once fertilizers are irrigating to the crop.
By using drip irrigation the water will be maintained at the constant level i.e. the water will
reach the roots drop by drop. Microcontroller has been adapted in exiting system. In this
project the PLC combined GPS based drip irrigation system is proposed and controlled
individual valve, which is a real time feedback control system for monitoring and controlling
all the activities of drip irrigation system more efficiently. Agro motor is automatically ON
and OFF during irrigation period using PLC. In addition, GPS is used to monitor and
control the land through SMS to the user. In future CCTV camera is also used monitor the
land.

V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.

ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF TABLES xvi
LIST OF FIGURES xviii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 SENSOR RANGE 1
1.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 3
1.3 ………………. 5
1.4 …………………. 7
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 ………………… 10
2.2 ………………… 12
2.2.1 Soil Moisture Sensor Range Details
2.2.2 Temperature Sensor Range Details
2.3 ………………. 15
2.4 …………………. 20
3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 21
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 32
5 CONCLUSION 35
APPENDICES - I
APPENDICES - II
…………………….

REFERENCES

VI
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE

NO. NO.

1.1 Soil Moisture Sensor Range Details 14

1.2 Temperature Sensor Range Details 14

3.1 Comparison Results 42

X
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE FIGURE NAME PAGE

NO. NO.

1.1 Design of Automatic Drip Irrigation 9

1.2 Block Diagram 10

2.3 Circuit Diagram 11

4.1 Soil Moisture Sensor 13

XI