PGDM
QTDM
Set Theory
[Numerical Practice]
Questions
Q-1: In a competition, a school awarded medals in different categories. 36 medals in dance, 12 medals in
dramatics and 18 medals in music. If these medals went to a total of 45 persons and only 4 persons got
medals in all the three categories, how many received medals in exactly two of these categories?
Questions
Q-1: In a competition, a school awarded medals in different categories. 36 medals in dance, 12 medals in
dramatics and 18 medals in music. If these medals went to a total of 45 persons and only 4 persons got
medals in all the three categories, how many received medals in exactly two of these categories?
Let A = set of persons who got medals in dance.
B = set of persons who got medals in dramatics.
C = set of persons who got medals in music.
Given,
n(A) = 36, n(B) = 12, n(C) = 18, n(A ∪ B ∪C) = 45, n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4
We know that number of elements belonging to exactly two of the three sets A, B, C
= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3 × 4 ……..(i)
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩C)
Therefore, n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
From (i) required number
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C) - 12
= 36 + 12 + 18 + 4 - 45 - 12
= 70 – 67 = 3
Questions
Q-2: In a group of 100 persons, 72 people can speak English and 43 can speak French. How many can
speak English only? How many can speak French only and how many can speak both English and
French?
Questions
Q-2: In a group of 100 persons, 72 people can speak English and 43 can speak French. How many can
speak English only? How many can speak French only and how many can speak both English and
French?
Solution: Let A be the set of people who speak English.
B be the set of people who speak French.
A - B be the set of people who speak English and not French.
B - A be the set of people who speak French and not English.
A ∩ B be the set of people who speak both French and English.
Given,
n(A) = 72, n(B) = 43, n(A ∪ B) = 100
Now, n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B)
= 72 + 43 – 100 = 115 – 100 = 15
Therefore, Number of persons who speak both French and English = 15
n(A) = n(A - B) + n(A ∩ B) ⇒n(A - B) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B)
= 72 – 15 = 57
and n(B - A) = n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
= 43 – 15 = 28
Therefore, Number of people speaking English only = 57
Number of people speaking French only = 28
Questions
Q-3: There are 35 students in art class and 57 students in dance class. Find the number of students who are
either in art class or in dance class.
• When two classes meet at different hours and 12 students are enrolled in both activities.
• When two classes meet at the same hour.
Questions
Q-3: There are 35 students in art class and 57 students in dance class. Find the number of students who are
either in art class or in dance class.
• When two classes meet at different hours and 12 students are enrolled in both activities.
• When two classes meet at the same hour.
Solution: n(A) = 35, n(B) = 57, n(A ∩ B) = 12
(Let A be the set of students in art class. B be the set of students in dance class.)
(i) When 2 classes meet at different hours n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
= 35 + 57 - 12 = 92 - 12 = 80
(ii) When two classes meet at the same hour, A∩B = n (A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B)
= 35 + 57 = 92
Questions
Q-4: In a competition, a school awarded medals in different categories. 36 medals in dance, 12 medals in
dramatics and 18 medals in music. If these medals went to a total of 45 persons and only 4 persons got medals
in all the three categories, how many received medals in exactly two of these categories?
Questions
Q-4: In a competition, a school awarded medals in different categories. 36 medals in dance, 12 medals in
dramatics and 18 medals in music. If these medals went to a total of 45 persons and only 4 persons got medals
in all the three categories, how many received medals in exactly two of these categories?
Solution:
Let A = set of persons who got medals in dance.
B = set of persons who got medals in dramatics.
C = set of persons who got medals in music.
Given,
n(A) = 36 n(B) = 12 n(C) = 18
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 45 n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4
We know that number of elements belonging to exactly two of the three sets A, B, C
= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3 × 4 ……..(i)
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
Therefore, n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
From (i) required number
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C) - 12
= 36 + 12 + 18 + 4 - 45 - 12
= 70 – 57 = 13
Circular Test
Circular Test
