3 Module Reading and Writing Test 27 QUESTIONS | 32 MINUTES ‘The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each Passage and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer. ‘The researchers compiled data on side effects from 163 patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder and 25 healthy controls who Participated in one of five placebo-controlled. clinical trials conducted at the NIH Clinical Center over 13 years. The study did not address the side effects associated with repeated infusions or long-term use. As used in the text, what does the word “controls” most nearly mean? A) authorities B) restraints ©) benchmarks D) commands A large percentage of the organisms in the world are parasitic, meaning they derive nutrients from another species, but almost none of them are mammalian, One notable____ is the vampire bat, which feeds on the blood of cows and other mammals. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) peculiarity B) exception ©) distortion D) idiosyncrasy3 Module 3 Salt stress, too much salt in the soil for plants to thrive, is one of the major environmental constraints limiting agricultural productivity and influencing the__ of bioactive compounds of vegetables. In this study, we assessed the effect of NaCl salt stress on flowering, fructification, and fruit nutritional quality of alocal cultivar of chili pepper. How HEPHLI mechanistically regulates hair growth and development will require in-depth analysis, and the curly whiskers from HEPHLI knockout mice could help these investigations. Our preliminary results showed that HEPHLL ‘regulates the activity of an enzyme, lysyl oxidase, This raises the intriguing possibility that, in addition to playing an iron-related role, HEPHL1 could relate to the copper absorption associated with Menkes disease and its associated hair abnormalities. In conclusion, our study identified HEPHLI as a novel gene responsible for hair abnormalities and. highlights the importance of exploring the role of HEPHL1—and its interconnections with other key regulators—in developing new therapeutic strategies to treat hair disorders and even more insidious genetic diseases. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) attentiveness B) dedication ©) concentration D) centralization ‘What is the role of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text? A) Itestablishes a potential link between HEPHLI and the lack of proper copper absorption found in patients with Menkes disease. B) Itexplains why patients with hair abnormalities may actually have @ condition called Menkes disease. isa connection €) It points out that there isa connes tepeeen iron intake and copper intake and Jmbalance could cause Menkes disease: D) Ir elaborates onthe claim that mice a6 best source of data about hair growth development related to "Menkes disease.3 In general, deep ocean habitats may’ be negatively affected by tidal current energy systems due to the change of water flows, materials on the ocean floor, and movement of sediment. Potential other effects include mortality of fish passing through turbines (blade-strike) and the collision risk ‘of marine mammals with tidal stream farms. A study showed that change in sediment patterns ‘will most likely follow the installation of tidal arrays, impacting the local underwater habitat, and in turn, animal and plant species. However, in their review, Frid et al. conclude that “there is litle scientific literature to suggest that operation of underwater tidal energy devices will cause elevated levels of mortality to organisms such as ish and marine mammals” Also, Lewis et al. ‘mention that, “while current technologies have ‘moving parts that may harm marine life, there is no evidence to date of harm from tidal current devices to marine life” ‘What is the main function of the quotes from Frid etal. and Lewis et al. in the overall structure of the text? A) They show reputable scientists that hold very Aifferent views from each other. B) They provide authoritative viewpoints that ‘oppose that ofthe author, ©) They undermine conclusions which ‘emphasize safety of tidal energy systems, D) They introduce expert opinions that reinforce the authors’ primary claim, i Extraterrestrial life, that familiar trope, that kitschy fantasy, that C has become a matter of serious d “risk factor” a “scenario” How has ET sci-fi fairytale to a serious scientific modeled by macroeconomists, funded conservatives, and discussed by Because, following a string of remarka discoveries over the past two decades, alien life is not as far-fetched as it used tc Discovery now seems inevitable and imminent. In the text, what is the primary: phrases “science-fiction trope,” and “CGI nightmare”? |A) To point out the ever-changing ima extraterrestrial creatures appear B) To encourage readers to intaginet variety of extraterrestrial life C) To interject a lighthearted note i otherwise serious passage D) To emphasize that there is a something that once was beli3 Module 3 Text 1 ‘4.1979 paper by father-and-son team Luis and William Alvarez identified their discovery ‘of unustal quantities of a rare element called iridium in a layer of sediment about 65 million years ago. They contended that the iridium was indicative of a massive meteor impact that sent clouds of dust into the atmosphere, cooling the Earth enough to trigger the mass extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period. Text 2 Though dramatic, the idea of a meteor strike wiping out the dinosaurs is far-fetched, say modern paleontologists. They agree a strike occurred but claim that there was actually no simultaneous or instantaneous event that could be classified as a mass extinction. Instead, species slowly died out over millions of years, with the last major representatives living to approximately the end of the Cretaceous period. Based on the texts, which choice would the authors of the text most likely agree about? A) A massive meteorite impact occurred, though it may not have caused amass extinction. B) Though the earth cooled due to a meteor impact, it was not enough to kill the dinosaurs, C) There was actually no mass extinction of dinosaurs, though eventually they all died. D) Most dinosaur species died prior to the period after the Cretaceous period. ‘The following text is adapted from Mother Jones’ 1912 speech to coal miners picketing in Charlestown, West Virginia. I want to show you here that the average wages you fellows get in this country is $500 ayear. Before you get a thing to eat there is {$20 taken out a month, which leaves about $24 a month. Then you go to the "pluck-me" stores (operated by the mine) and want to get something to eat for your wife, and the child comes back and says, "Papa, I can't get anything." "Why," he says, "there is $24 coming to me?" ‘The child says, "They said there was nothing coming to you.” And the child goes back crying without a mouthful of anything to eat. ‘The father goes to the "pluck-me" store and says to the manager, "there is $24 coming to me," and the manager says, "Oh, no, we have Kept $26 for rent.” According to the passage, what is true about the wages of the mine workers? |A) They are lower than the income of mine workers around the country. B) They are periodically being reduced without explanation. ©) Theyare not wages of other jobs. consistent with the minimum because of the policies of D) They are insufficient the mine owners.| ‘The GRL paper focuses on one region of the Southern Ocean extending from the tip of South America to the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. “The Drake Passage is the windiest, roughest Part of the Southern Ocean,” says Colm Sweeney, lead investigator on the Drake Passage study and co-author on the GRL paper, “The critical element to this study is that we were able to sustain measurements in this harsh environment as long as we have—both in the summer and the winter, in every year over the last 13 years. This data set of ocean carbon measurements is the densest ongoing time series in the Southern Ocean.” The team was able to take these long- term measurements by piggybacking instruments ‘on the Antarctic Research Supply Vessel Laurence ‘M. Gould, which makes nearly 20 crossings of the Drake Passage cach ycar, transporting people and supplies to and from Antarctic research stations. According to the text, why are the results of the Drake Passage study unique? ‘A) They used more complete measurements than any other study of the region. B) They were derived using equipment that had not previously been used. C) They incorporated chemical measurements as well as other forms of data. 1D) Itwas the first study to focus only on the Southern Ocean, Tests for the Digital SAT Module 166 Emily Dickenson’s poems were edited by her friends before publication to match the tastes of the times. Her personal style still shines as in the way she personifies books in her poem. “Ina Library”: ‘Which quote from “In a Library” most effectively illustrates the claim? ; A) “A precious, mouldering pleasure 'tis / To ‘meet an antique book, / In just the dress his century wore;” B) “What interested scholars most, / What competitions ran / When Plato was a certainty” C) “When Sappho was a living girl, / And Beatrice wore / The gown that Dante deified” D) “Facts, centuries before, / He traverses familiar, / As one should come to town”3 Module If we manage to separate out a clean signal from a planet outside our solar system and find some features in the light spectrum that might be indicative of life, we will need to work hard to think of any non-biological process that might account for them. “Life is the hypothesis of last resort,” noted astronomer Carl Sagan. This requires some understanding of what processes, right operate on worlds that we will know relatively little about; what we find on Earth can serve as a guide but also has potential to lead us astray. Which hypothetical situation is Carl Sagan most likely warning to avoid in his quote? A) Arover that was sent to Mars discovers a bacteria-like organism when it drills deep into the core of the planet. B) An astronomer realizes that the atmosphere of a planet is too hot to sustain life even though ithas oxygen. ©) Ascientist finds a planet with a large amount ‘of oxygen in its atmosphere so claims that the ‘oxygen is produced by living creatures. D) Anew telescope finds a new planet orbiting a star that was previously believed to have no planets 3 Percentage of Registered Nurses by Field Government (3%) Educational Services (3%) Norsing homes! residential care (7%) Ambulatory (outpatient) care (18%) Hospitals (60%) Data from US Bureau of Labor Statistics, June, 2021 ‘Nursing is one of the fields in most demand, with aan anticipated annual growth rate of 7 percent through 2029. Although some nurses work only in hospitals, there are actually many options, especially as the population ages and nurses are needed to tend to the daily needs of seniors. For example, Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example? ‘A) educational services employed about 3 percent of the registered nurses in 2021. )_ fewer registered nurses worked for the ‘government than in ambulatory care: centage of registered nurses working in the ner 7 percent in 2021. nursing homes increased by registered murses in 2021 D) about 7 percent of ! or residential homes. worked in nursing E>Engineering and Computer Science Stereotypes Favoring 2 boys Belief in Stereotype 05 R . 1234567 8 9101112 Favoring 0,5 Grade Level girls TEGEND - Gender-interest = Gender-ability “Scientists ran an experiment where they found that a diverse set of students believed ‘gender-interest stereotypes favoring boys in computer science and engineering. Students developed these stereotypes at a very young age. They also found that: Gender-interest stereotypes were stronger than gender-ability stereotypes. Girls who believed the stereotypes were oe Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text? A) less skilled than interested in computer science and engineering. B) equally skilled and interested in computer science and engineering. ©) less interested in participating in computer science and engineering, D) more interested in participating in computer science and engineering,Module 3 ‘The following text is adapted from Jefferson Keel’ 2011 statement, “The Indian Reorganization ‘Act—75 Years Later: Renewing our Commitment to Restore Tribal Homelands and Promote Self- determination” “Two years ago, our shared vision and the Federal responsibility to Indian tribes were threatened by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the IRA in Carcieri v. Salazar. There are at least 14 pending cases where tribes and the Secretary of Interior are under challenge. There are many more tribes whose land-to-trust applications have simply been frozen while the Department of Interior works through painstaking legal and historical analysis. We are sccing harassment litigation against tribes who were on treaty reservations in 1934 with a BIA superintendent. Land acquisitions are delayed. Lending and credit are drying up. Jobs are lost or never created ‘We fear that this will continue to get worse until Congress acts. Even worse, this decision will create two classes of Indian tribes: those who will benefit from Federal trust responsibility and those who will not. ‘According to the text, why is the Carcieri decision especially problemati A) Itdid not adhere to the exact wording of the original 1934 legislation. B) It asserted that the 1934 legislation only applies to specific Native Americans, ©) Itcreated new methods by which the Native ‘Americans could regain lands. D) Itset precedents that facilitated the establishment of tribal governments. 3] Behavioral activation is a type of talk therapy that helps a patient get unstuck from negative mood spirals by noticing a connection between what they do and how they feel, and gradually adding more small and enjoyable actions back into life. Behavioral activation has the goal of decreasing avoidance, bolstering peer connection, and improving engagement in rewarding activities. ‘Through behavioral activation, a client works with a counselor to start looking at actions that could help boost the mood. For example, it might start with a goal to get out of one’s pajamas and to shower every morning. Feeling a little bit better just by taking that step, the patient then could reach out to get extra support catching up in poor school subjects. In other words, rather than waiting to feel better, the patient does things that align with personal values and that will lead to feeling better. Based on the text, why is behavioral activation successful in treating depression? A) Itencourages the patient to do what feels most comfortable at the time. B) It uses incremental steps to form patterns of behavior that alter emotions. ) it focuses on solving the problems that triggered the depressed behavior. D) Itemphasizes long-term goals that can be attempted when the patient is healthy