IOT BASED INTELLIGENT BIN FOR SMART CITIES
*[Link], UG Scholar, Tagore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Attur
**Mr Aunestraj, UG Scholar, Tagore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Attur
ABSTRACT:
The method of connecting the objects or things through wireless connectivity, Internet
called Internet of Things. Nowadays a variety of tasks are based on IOT. Cities in the
world are becoming smarter by implementing the things around using IOT. This is a new
trend in technology. Smart cities include obstacle tracking, object sensing, traffic control,
tracking of our activities, examining the baby, monitoring home lights and so on. One of
the objective of smart cities is keeping the environment clean and neat. This aim is not
fulfilled without the garbage bin management system. Hence the paper “IOT Based
Intelligent Bin for Smart Cities” has been developed. Bin management is one of the major
applications of IOT. Here sensors are connected to the all the bins at different areas.
These sensors are operated based on the time synchronization protocols that ensures
timely announcement about the filled status of the garbage bin to the garbage collector
which in turn sends a message to his superior if it is not acknowledged or the status of the
bin does not get changed. The level of garbage in the bin has been sensed for this purpose.
When itreaches threshold, a message is sent via GSM to clean it as soon as possible.
Keywords— IR sensors, NI myRIO, GSM Modem,
garbage management system. In India, waste
[Link]: generated per capita ranges from 200gto 500g.
Garbage management is that the assorting, Many organizations have estimated that in
transporting garbage, processing, reusing or India 1.3to 1.5 pounds of waste is generated
eliminating and monitoring garbage materials. for a person. It is even estimated that 47
Garbage management is very crucial and it million tons of waste is generated in the
has become one of the major issues due to high year2001. In the recent 2 years this has
population density. To reduce the impact of increased to 95 million tons. The efficiency of
garbageMunicipal Corporation has developed an collecting the garbage is poor in Indian cities
efficient compared to other countries. Thus, Indian
Government is struggling to manage the
garbage. Issues with respect to the disposal has Hence, these sensors are covered properly
become challenging with growth in inorder to reduce the light effect on the sensor.
[Link] garbage collection and Potentiometer is used to calibrate the sensor.
improper transportation facility are answerable
for the earnings of garbage at all spots and
points of the city. Due to these unavailable
facilities,municipal garbage management is
getting critical. Improper garbage management
further leads to incurable diseases to living
organisms.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM:
For detecting the garbage, many sensors like Figure : 1 IR sensors
weight sensors, IR sensors, etc can be used. The output of IR sensor is acquired by
Weight sensor is the one which gives the The National Instruments myRIO-1900. It is an
information about the weight of garbage. But input output device which is portable and
using this is not efficient because it doesn’t reconfigurable. This can be used by the students
identify the levelof waste in the bin. Hence in the design of robotics, controls and many other
Infrared sensor (IR sensor) is used which is a designs. The NI myRIO-1900 has a ZYNQ chip.
multipurpose sensor, which can detect the level of This ZYNQ chip is a combination of processor
garbage. IR sensor emits the light, which is (ARM Dual core) and FPGA(Xilinx). The NI
invisible to naked eye but the electronic myRIO-1900 consists of analog input, digita
components can detect it. digital output is linput, analog output, digital output, power
produced by IR sensor. This sensor produces the output, nonvolatile memory and audio input and
output a logic1‟ at the digital output when it output in an embedded [Link] acts as a
senses the object and a logic„0‟ when it doesn’t connector between the NI myRIO-1900 and host
senses any object. Depending on the Distance computer. It has connectors A and B that acts as
between the object and sensor, sensor produces the an expansion port and a connector C that act as a
analog output voltage between 0 and 5V. An LED mini-system port, they carry the signals and these
is present on the IR sensor board. It is used to signals are distinguished by different connector
indicate the presence or absence of an object. IR names. Here the mostly used connector is mini-
sensors are highly sensitive to surrounding lights. system port connector C. Similarly, certain time
synchronization protocols are available for the The advantage ofconnecting is it provides mobile
wireless sensor networks by using cristian’s network to the computer to transfer and exchange
algorithm that could enable the timely alert to the information with modems. Meanwhile it provides
garbage collector people and their department mobile internet connectivity and also used for
about the filled bin, its location, its weight and so forwarding the SMS and MMS messages.
on. This protocol can even connect to the wireless
network and ensures the cleaning of the garbage
bin. It has inbuilt option to connect to Wi-Fi.
Figure 2:NI my RIO 1900
Wireless communication can be achieved FIGURE3: GSM modem
using many devices. Those devices are Zigbee,
GSM, etc. In this paper GSM is used. Zigbee can FLOW CHART:
also be used but the disadvantage with it is its
short range, less complexity and the speed of data The flowchart of the paper is shown in
is less. Hence compared to Zigbee, GSM has more Figure 4. It literally provides the idea of
advantage because it is simple to use and because this project. The flow of project begins with
of its less cost. GSM modem is a unique type of the start. IR sensor is used which senses the
wireless modem, accepts a SIM card and it garbage level when it reaches the threshold.
operates similar to mobile phone with its own When the threshold level is reached the
specific mobile number. GSM modem mainly information of how much level the bin is
consists of antenna for wireless communication, filled,location of the bin, date and the
SIM holder, communication port, ON or OFF current time when the dustbin get filled are
switch and power supply. A GSM modem is all obtained. Then the level of garbage is
connected to the computer via serial or USB cable. examined, if it is filled 100% a message is
sent to the respective person to clean the bin the output of sensor is received by NImyRIO. It
as soon as possible viaGSM. If it is not filled is connected to internet. When the bin gets filled,
the process repeats as shown in fig. NI myRIO provides information of location of
bin, respective date and time. The data in NI
myRIO, from one of the eight digital input output
pin in the mini-system port (MSP)connector C
(MSP C) is transmitted to receiver section via
wireless network Internet.
Figure 5: transmitter section
B. Receiver section:
Figure 4: Flowchart of the paper The receiver block diagram is shown in figure 6.
The data from the transmitter is received via
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM: Internet. GUI is used to display the system status.
A. Transmitter Section: GUI is developed using [Link] is
Transmitter section block diagram is shown in displayed on the front panel of the LabVIEW. It
Figure [Link] first block in the transmitter part is displays the status of the garbage bin that is the
the garbage bin. The IR sensor which is the level level ofgarbage in the bin, time and date and even
detect is used to detect and notice the level of the location of the bin. Once the garbage bin is
garbage in the bin. For each bin, as many sensors completely filled, the message issent to the
can be used to identify the levels as required. Here concerned person to empty the bin. The message
to detect the different levels of wastes in the bin is sent through GSM modem.
three to four sensors are used for each bin. When
the different garbage level is sensed by IR sensors,
Figure 6:receiver section
Sensor senses level of the bin. It gives the Figure 7:blinking of LED
output of what level of garbage is [Link] system [Link]:
displaying the map of the area where bin is placed is This proposed method describe about
connected to internet and the LEDs are placed near how to implement the time synchronization
the [Link] the level in a bin is reached the between the sensor and garbage collector
threshold, the LED at the location of the bin starts using time synchronization algorithms such as
blinking and it can be visualized in control room. cristian’s algorithm, berkley’s algorithm
When the blinking LED is clicked, a display etc.,Here we are using cristian’s algorithm for
opens which shows the location of the bin, status of accuracy.
the bin, date and time when the bin gets filled, CRISTIAN’S ALGORITHM:
mobile number and the text tosend to the concerned The simplest algorithm for setting the
person. Once the garbage bin reaches and exceeds time would be to simply issue a remote
the threshold level,a message is sent to the procedure call to a time server and obtain the
respective person via GSM to clean the bin. time. That does not account for the network
and processing delay. We can attempt to
compensate for this by measuring the time (in
local system time) at which the request is sent
(T0) and the time at which the response is
received (T1). Our best guess at the network
delay in each direction is to assume that the
delays to and from are symmetric (we have no
reason to believe otherwise). The estimated
overhead due to the network delay is then (T1-
Figure 8: message send to the user T0)/2. The new time can be set to the time
returned by the server plus the time that elapsed synchronization will be [Link] is also
since the server generated the timestamp: subject to malicious interference.
TNEW=T SERVER+ T0-T1 V. RESULT:
Suppose that we know the smallest time interval Thus the garbage management has been
that it could take for a message to be sent between implemented by the Time Synchronization
a client and server (either direction). Let's call this Protocol available for the wireless sensor
time Tmin. This is the time when the network and networks. This TPSN is responsible for
CPUs are completely unloaded. Knowing this sensing the garbage level and the timely
value allows us to place bounds on the accuracy warning messages that are sent to the
of the result obtained from the server. If we sent a concerned garbage collector through the text
request to the server at time T0, then the earliest message. If this message has not been
time stamp that the server could generate the acknowledged or if the garbage remains
timestamp is T0 + Tmin. The latest time that the there for certain more period of time, the
server could generate the timestamp is T1 - Tmin, same message is sent to his superior. This
where we assume it took only the minimum time, ensures the status of the garbage bin that
Tmin, to get the response. The range of these must be cleaned compulsorily. And thus
times is: T1 - T0 - 2Tmin, so the accuracy of the enables the definite cleanliness when comes
result is: Errors are cumulative. If machine A to the condition of garbage.
synchronizes from a server B and gets an
accuracy of ±5 msec but server B in turn got its VI. CONCLUSION:
time from server C with an accuracy of ±7 msec, Implementation of managing the
the net accuracy at machine A is ±(5+7), or ±12 garbage using sensor,LabVIEW and GSM is
[Link] time requests may be issued shown in this paper. This paper gives solution
consecutively in the hope that one of the requests of how garbage management can be achieved.
may be delivered faster than the others (e.g., it This method helps in keeping the waste bin
may be submitted during a time window when clean when the bin is completely filled. The
network activity is minimal). This can achieve garbage managing system and the facility of
improved accuracy. Cristian's algorithm suffers collecting the garbage presently doesn’t fit to
from the problem that afflicts all single-server the requirements of smart cities. Hence better
algorithms: the server might fail and clock facility of collecting garbage and transportation
should be provided. Since, this system provides
the information when the bin gets completely filled
with garbage by using the TPSN, it reduces the
number of times the arrival of vehicle which collects
the garbage. This method finally helps in keeping the
environment clean. Thus, the garbage collection is
made more efficient.
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